Research Article

Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland

Number: 29 May 14, 2026
TR EN

Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland

Abstract

This study examines Liberland’s claim to statehood within the framework of international law and international relations. Its main objective is to explain why Liberland, proclaimed in 2015 in a disputed border area between Croatia and Serbia, has remained significantly limited in terms of international recognition and acceptance despite attracting considerable visibility. The study adopts a qualitative research design and employs a single-case study supported by document analysis. The analysis is conducted through the classical criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention, alongside de facto sovereignty and international recognition. The findings show that although Liberland has generated institutional symbols, digital citizenship practices, constitutional discourse, and global media visibility, it continues to face major limitations with regard to permanent population, the contested status of its territory, effective government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. The study also demonstrates that visibility does not amount to recognition and that institutional discourse cannot substitute for effective sovereignty. In this context, Liberland should be understood not as a fully established state, but as an instructive case that reveals the limits of statehood claims and international recognition in the contemporary international system.

Keywords

References

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  6. Demeillers, T., & Osoha, G. (2024). Voyage au Liberland: Gloire et déboires d’une aventure libertarienne au cœur de l’Europe. Marchialy.
  7. Grant, T. D. (1999). The Recognition of States: Law and Practice in Debate and Evolution. Praeger. Geldenhuys, D. (2009). Contested states in world politics. Palgrave Macmillan.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

European and Region Studies, Comparative Political Institutions, International Foundation, International Politics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 14, 2026

Submission Date

April 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 8, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 29

APA
Derin, M. (2026). Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 29, 143-165. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1930800
AMA
1.Derin M. Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM-UHAD. 2026;(29):143-165. doi:10.58724/assam.1930800
Chicago
Derin, Murat. 2026. “Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, nos. 29: 143-65. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1930800.
EndNote
Derin M (May 1, 2026) Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 29 143–165.
IEEE
[1]M. Derin, “Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland”, ASSAM-UHAD, no. 29, pp. 143–165, May 2026, doi: 10.58724/assam.1930800.
ISNAD
Derin, Murat. “Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. 29 (May 1, 2026): 143-165. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1930800.
JAMA
1.Derin M. Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM-UHAD. 2026;:143–165.
MLA
Derin, Murat. “Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, no. 29, May 2026, pp. 143-65, doi:10.58724/assam.1930800.
Vancouver
1.Murat Derin. Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM-UHAD. 2026 May 1;(29):143-65. doi:10.58724/assam.1930800

ASSAM-UHAD is an internationally indexed peer-reviewed journal published in April and November.