The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi
Abstract
Since its foundation, the Ottoman Empire has contributed to the development of many arts and artists, and every sultan who reigned tried to provide magnificent works in his own period. In the 18th century, the political structure of the Ottoman Empire has been constantly changing, and these changes affected both the military, social and cultural areas of the state. During this period, a peaceful attitude was displayed towards Europe and good relations were tried to be established. Due to this connection, an interaction occurred in the field of art and Turkish painting has changed. Turkish painting, which reached its most magnificent state in the 16th century Ottoman period, took a different shape with the influence of the West in the 18th century. The sources of this change can be seen as factors such as the close relations established with Europe at that time, the visits of ambassadors, books brought from Europe, and European artists coming to Istanbul and working because they were curious about Ottoman life and clothing. During the evolution process of Turkish art, it has been seen that some artists tried different techniques and innovations, and this changed the classical miniature technique over time. In this sense, it is seen that the artists of the period, Levni, Abdullah Buhari, Ali Üsküdari and Halimzade Fethi Efendi, prepared the miniature for Western painting by bringing innovations. It is highly probable that these artists were influenced by the foreign artists who came to Istanbul and worked in their private workshops at that time. It was seen that the miniature technique, which evolved throughout the 18th century, almost disappeared in the paintings of Halimzade Fethi Efendi at the end of the 18th century and transformed into a Western style painting technique. In this research about these changes, the process of change in perspective and landscape phenomena is revealed throughth examples of the artists’works in the 18th century and the comparison between them with the Halimzade Fethi Efendi’s paintings.
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References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Fine Arts
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
August 7, 2026
Publication Date
-
Submission Date
July 21, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 7, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication