Research Article

The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi

Number: Advanced Online Publication Early Pub Date: August 7, 2026
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The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi

Abstract

Since its foundation, the Ottoman Empire has contributed to the development of many arts and artists, and every sultan who reigned tried to provide magnificent works in his own period. In the 18th century, the political structure of the Ottoman Empire has been constantly changing, and these changes affected both the military, social and cultural areas of the state. During this period, a peaceful attitude was displayed towards Europe and good relations were tried to be established. Due to this connection, an interaction occurred in the field of art and Turkish painting has changed. Turkish painting, which reached its most magnificent state in the 16th century Ottoman period, took a different shape with the influence of the West in the 18th century. The sources of this change can be seen as factors such as the close relations established with Europe at that time, the visits of ambassadors, books brought from Europe, and European artists coming to Istanbul and working because they were curious about Ottoman life and clothing. During the evolution process of Turkish art, it has been seen that some artists tried different techniques and innovations, and this changed the classical miniature technique over time. In this sense, it is seen that the artists of the period, Levni, Abdullah Buhari, Ali Üsküdari and Halimzade Fethi Efendi, prepared the miniature for Western painting by bringing innovations. It is highly probable that these artists were influenced by the foreign artists who came to Istanbul and worked in their private workshops at that time. It was seen that the miniature technique, which evolved throughout the 18th century, almost disappeared in the paintings of Halimzade Fethi Efendi at the end of the 18th century and transformed into a Western style painting technique. In this research about these changes, the process of change in perspective and landscape phenomena is revealed throughth examples of the artists’works in the 18th century and the comparison between them with the Halimzade Fethi Efendi’s paintings.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fine Arts

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

August 7, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

July 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

APA
Karagöz, Ç., & İlden, S. (2026). The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi. Art Time, Advanced Online Publication, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1747293
AMA
1.Karagöz Ç, İlden S. The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi. Art Time. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):1-13. doi:10.62425/at.1747293
Chicago
Karagöz, Çiğdem, and Serkan İlden. 2026. “The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi”. Art Time, no. Advanced Online Publication: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1747293.
EndNote
Karagöz Ç, İlden S (August 1, 2026) The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi. Art Time Advanced Online Publication 1–13.
IEEE
[1]Ç. Karagöz and S. İlden, “The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi”, Art Time, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 1–13, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.62425/at.1747293.
ISNAD
Karagöz, Çiğdem - İlden, Serkan. “The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi”. Art Time. Advanced Online Publication (August 1, 2026): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1747293.
JAMA
1.Karagöz Ç, İlden S. The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi. Art Time. 2026;:1–13.
MLA
Karagöz, Çiğdem, and Serkan İlden. “The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi”. Art Time, no. Advanced Online Publication, Aug. 2026, pp. 1-13, doi:10.62425/at.1747293.
Vancouver
1.Çiğdem Karagöz, Serkan İlden. The Reflection of the Development Process of Perspective and the Concept of Landscape in 18th-Century Turkish Painting in the Works of Halimzade Fethi Efendi. Art Time. 2026 Aug. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):1-13. doi:10.62425/at.1747293