Research Article

Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human

Number: 11 September 15, 2026
EN TR

Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human

Abstract

This study examines the intermedial and generic transformation of Osamu Dazai’s novel No Longer Human (Ningen Shikkaku, 1948) in Junji Ito’s manga adaptation. It addresses the question of which narrative and generic interventions restructure an existential and confessional written work as a visual, sequential horror narrative, and to what extent this transformation enables the adaptation to become an autonomous creative work bearing the artistic signature of the manga artist. Accordingly, the study aims to demonstrate how Ito reinterprets Dazai’s source text through his own horror aesthetics and the expressive possibilities of graphic narrative. The research is based on a comparative analysis of the novel and its manga adaptation. The source text is examined within the sociocultural context of postwar Japan and in relation to Dazai’s life, the I-novel tradition, confession, memoir, and suicide narrative. The adaptation is then analyzed in terms of narrative and generic transformation through the approaches of Timothy Corrigan and Julie Sanders. Sequences added or altered by Ito are compared with their counterparts in the novel, while the changes arising from the transformation of written narrative into visual language are examined through manga-specific devices such as composition, viewpoint, shot scale, facial expression, and body language. The adaptation’s restructuring within the horror genre is analyzed through kaidan and yūrei elements, surreal interventions, a karmic plot structure, and body-horror aesthetics; this aesthetic is interpreted through Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of “grotesque realism” and Julia Kristeva’s concept of “abjection.” The findings demonstrate that the shame, guilt, anxiety, and alienation constructed at a psychological level in the novel are transformed in the manga into a bodily and visual experience of horror. Ito expands the narrative’s internal tension through elements of ghosts, haunting, revenge, and karmic justice, while positioning the reader as a compulsory witness through grotesque bodily imagery, physical deformation, and graphic violence. The work thus becomes a new narrative grounded in body-horror aesthetics through Ito’s creative interventions. In conclusion, by explaining the originality of Ito’s adaptation through intermedial transformation, generic restructuring, and body-horror aesthetics, this study demonstrates how graphic narrative adaptations interpret and transform their source texts.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study is based solely on the analysis of published literary and visual works. It does not involve human participants, personal data, or animal experimentation; therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

References

  1. Bakhtin, M. (1968). Rabelais and his world. Indiana University Press.
  2. BiliBili. (2023). The reading drama “No Longer Human: Red” Group A performance, Retrieved October 21, 2025, from https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ma4y167TQ/
  3. British Museum Collection. (n.d.). Ichikawa Danjuro VIII as Kamiya Iemon and the ghost of Oiwa. Retrieved December 27, 2025, from https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_2008- 3037-21330-
  4. Bruss, E. W. (1976). Autobiographical acts: the changing situation of a literary genre. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  5. Camus, A. (1997). Sisifos söyleni. Can Yayınları.
  6. Carroll, N. (1990). The philosophy of horror or paradoxes of the heart. Routledge.
  7. Corrigan, T. (2017). Defining adaptation. In T. Leitch (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of adaptation studies (pp. 23-35). Oxford University Press.
  8. Davisson, Z. (2012, March 21). Yūrei-zu: A portrait of a yūrei, a Japanese ghost. Hyakumonogatari - The Digital One Hundred Tales (Kaidan) Resource. Retrieved December 25, 2025, from https://hyakumonogatari.com/2012/03/21/yurei-zu-a-portrait-of-a-yurei-a-japanese-ghost-2/

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fine Arts

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 15, 2026

Submission Date

January 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 11

APA
Kaçtı, S. (2026). Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. Art Time, 11, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1874090
AMA
1.Kaçtı S. Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. Art Time. 2026;(11):91-103. doi:10.62425/at.1874090
Chicago
Kaçtı, Sevda. 2026. “Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative As Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. Art Time, nos. 11: 91-103. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1874090.
EndNote
Kaçtı S (September 1, 2026) Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. Art Time 11 91–103.
IEEE
[1]S. Kaçtı, “Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”, Art Time, no. 11, pp. 91–103, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.62425/at.1874090.
ISNAD
Kaçtı, Sevda. “Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative As Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. Art Time. 11 (September 1, 2026): 91-103. https://doi.org/10.62425/at.1874090.
JAMA
1.Kaçtı S. Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. Art Time. 2026;:91–103.
MLA
Kaçtı, Sevda. “Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative As Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. Art Time, no. 11, Sept. 2026, pp. 91-103, doi:10.62425/at.1874090.
Vancouver
1.Sevda Kaçtı. Reconstructing an Existential Written Narrative as Visual Horror; Junji Ito’s Manga Adaptation of Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. Art Time. 2026 Sep. 1;(11):91-103. doi:10.62425/at.1874090