30 Years of Literature Focused on the Sustainability and Ecotourism Connection: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis (1993-2024)

Abstract

Sustainability and ecotourism are concepts that emphasize the transfer of the ecosystem, natural resources, and local community integrity to future generations through preservation in the best possible way. The aim of this article is to provide a systematic summary of the quantity of the literature focusing on the connection between sustainability and ecotourism, to assess the contributions, to examine the social structure of the field, to explore the current intellectual structure and actors, and to identify sub-research areas. In this regard, following the SPAR-4-SLR systematic review protocol, bibliometric data of 1,012 articles published between 1993 and 2024 in the Web of Science database were analyzed using the VOSviewer software tool. By conducting time series analysis, the historical development of the literature was examined, and citation analyses were performed to reveal the contribution shares of the units involved in this development. The literature has rapidly developed from 2005 to 2021, with a gradual decrease in the development rate over the following three years. It was found that the country contributing the most to the literature during this process was Australia. Author contributions were evaluated under various assessment categories, including the number of publications, citation count, citation ratio, and intellectual dominance. Through co-author analysis, it was discovered that the social structure of the field is still in its early stages, and gaps were identified that could promote extensive collaborations among authors and author groups. As a result of co-citation analyses, four dominant schools in the field were identified, and a reference set based on the leading intellectual actors was established. Finally, in addition to the noteworthy points such as the decrease in the development rate of the literature and the gaps in the social structure, various suggestions have been presented to the attention of relevant researchers regarding the examination of analysis units, types of analyses, and accumulations in other databases that were not addressed in this study.

Keywords

• Sustainability
• Ecotourism
• Bibliometric analysis
• VOSviewer
• SPAR-4-SLR

Sürdürülebilirlik ve Ekoturizm Bağlantısına Odaklı Alanyazının 30 Yılı: Sistematik Bir İnceleme ve Bibliyometrik Analiz (1993-2024)

Öz

Sürdürülebilirlik ve ekoturizm; ekosistemin, doğal kaynakların ve yerel halk bütünlüğünün mümkün olan en iyi şekilde korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını vurgulayan kavramlardır. Bu makalenin amacı sürdürü- lebilirlik ve ekoturizm bağlantısına odaklanan alanyazının niceliği hakkında sistemli bir özet sunmak, katkı paylarını değerlendirmek, alanın sosyal yapısını incelemek, mevcut entelektüel yapıyı ve aktörleri keşfetmek, alt araştırma alanlarını belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda SPAR-4-SLR sistematik inceleme protokolü izlenerek Web of Science veri tabanında 1993-2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış 1012 makalenin bibliyometrik verileri VOSviewer yazılım aracı ile analiz edilmiştir. Zaman serisi analizi ile alanyazının tarihsel gelişimi incelenerek gelişimde rol oynayan birimlerin katkı paylarını ortaya koyma amacıyla atıf analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alanyazın özellikle 2005 yılından başlayarak 2021 yılına kadar hızla gelişmiş, sonraki üç yılda ise gelişim hızı kademeli olarak azalmıştır. Alanyazına en yüksek katkıyı sağlayan ülkenin Avustralya olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yazar katkıları ise yayın sayısı, atıf sayısı, atıf oranı ve entelektüel baskınlık olmak üzere çeşitli değerlendirme başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Ortak yazar analizi doğrultusunda alanın sosyal yapısının henüz erken bir aşamada olduğu keşfedilmiş, yazarlar ve yazar grupları arasında kapsamlı iş birliklerini teşvik edebilecek boşluklar ortaya konmuştur. Ortak atıf analizleri sonucunda alanda dört baskın ekol belirlenmiş ve önde gelen entelektüel aktörlere dayalı bir referans kümesi oluşturulmuştur. Son olarak gelecek araştırmalar için alanyazının gelişim hızındaki düşüş ve sosyal yapıdaki boşluklar gibi dikkat çekici noktaların yanı sıra bu araştırmada ele alınmayan analiz birimlerinin, analiz türlerinin ve diğer veri tabanlarındaki birikimlerin incelenmesine yönelik çeşitli öneriler ilgili araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Ekoturizm
• Bibliyometrik analiz
• VOSviewer
• SPAR-4-SLR

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