Konaklama İşletmelerinde Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Sonuçları: Eşitlik Duyarlılığının Aracı Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmeleri çalışanlarının psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ve örgütsel özdeşleşme algılarının duygusal bağlılık ve iş performansı üzerindeki etkilerini açıklamaya çalışmak ve psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide eşitlik duyarlılığının aracı rolünü incelemektir. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, İstanbul ve Antalya illerindeki beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmeleri çalışanlarına 2017 Ocak-Mart ayları içerisinde anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, değişkenler arasındaki etkileri ölçmek amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin çalışanların eşitlik duyarlılığını, duygusal bağlılığını, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve iş performansını olumsuz yönlü etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin ise konaklama işletmeleri çalışanlarının iş performansını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile ayrıca, psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin, iş performansına olumsuz etkisi üzerinde eşitlik duyarlılığının kısmi aracı rolünün varlığı saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte eşitlik duyarlılığının duygusal bağlılık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Eşitlik duyarlılığı,Psikolojik sözleşme ihlali,Örgütsel özdeşleşme,Duygusal bağlılık,İş performansı

The Consequences of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Identification in Accommodation Enterprises: The Mediating Role of Equity Sensitivity

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of accommodation businesses employees’ perceived psychological contract breach and organizational identification on emotional commitment and job performance in accommodation enterprises and to examine the mediating role of equity sensitivity between psychological contract breach and job performance. As a sampling method, from non-random sampling methods, convenience sampling is used and a questionnaire was applied to employees of five star accommodation enterprises in Istanbul and Antalya within January-March 2017. In the study, a structural equation model was used to measure the effects of variables. As a result of the research, it has been determined that perceived psychological contract breach negatively affects employee equality sensitivity, emotional commitment, organizational identification and job performance. On the other hand, organizational identification improves the job performance of accommodation business employees. Also within this study, the existence of a partial mediator role of equality sensitivity on the adverse effect of perceived psychological contract breach on job performance has been established. Nevertheless, it has been reached that the equity sensitivity has no meaningful effect on emotional attachment.

Keywords

• Equity sensitivity,Perceived psychological contract breach,Organizational identification,Emotional commitment,Job performance

References

1. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in Social Exchange. İçinde L. Berkowitz (Editörler), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (ss. 267-299). Cilt: 2, New York: Academic Press.
2. Albert, S., Ashforth, B.E. ve Dutton, J.E. (2000). Organizational Identity and Identification: Charting New Waters and Building New Bridges, Academy of Management Review, 25: 13-17.
3. Allen, N. J. ve Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 63 (1): 1-18.
4. Ashforth. B. E. ve Mael. F. (1989). Social Identity Theory and The Organization, Academy of Management Review, 14: 20-39.
5. Ashforth, B.E. Harrison, S.H. ve Corley, K.G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions, Journal of Management, 34 (3): 325–374.
6. Atalay, D. D. (2007). Denklik Duyarlılığı Açısından Algılanan Örgütsel Adalet-Örgütsel Bağlanma İlişkisi (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
7. Bagozzi, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (1): 74–94.
8. Bartel, C. A. (2001). Social Comparisons in Boundary-Spanning Work: Effects of Community Outreach on Members, Organizational Identity and Identification, Administrative Science Quarterly, 46: 379-413.

9. Blau, P.M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Transaction Publishers.
10. Blomme, R.J., Van Rheede, A. ve Tromp, D.M. (2010). The Use of The Psychological Contract to Explain Turnover Intentions in the Hospitality Industry: A Research study on the Impact of Gender on The Turnover Intentions of Highly Educated Employees, International Journal of Human Research Management, 21 (1): 144–162.
11. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
12. Chang, S. J., van Witteloostuijn, A. ve Eden, L. (2010). From The Editors: Common Method Variance in International Business Research, Journal of International Business Studies, 41 (2): 178-184.
13. Conway, N., Guest, D. ve Trenberth, L. (2011). Testing The Differential Effects of Changes in Psychological Contract Breach and Fulfillment, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 79 (1): 267–276.
14. Dulac, T., Coyle-Shapiro, J.A.M., Henderson, D.J. ve Wayne, S.J. (2008). Not All Responses to Breach are the Same: The Interconnection of Social Exchange and Psychological Contract Processes in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 51 (6): 1079–1098.
15. Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M. ve Harquail. C. V. (1994). Organizational Images and Member Identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239-261.
16. Epitropaki, O. (2013). A Multi-Level Investigation of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Identification Through The Lens of Perceived Organizational Membership: Testing a Moderated-Mediated Model, Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 34 (1): 65–86.
17. Galvin, B.M., Lange, D. ve Ashforth, B.E. (2015). Narcissistic Organizational Identification: Seeing Oneself As Central To The Organization’s Identity, Academy of Management Reiew, 40 (2): 163–181.
18. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement, American Sociological Review, 25: 161–178.
19. Heskett, J. L., Jones, T. O., Loveman, G. W., Sasser, W. E. ve Schlesinger, L. A. (1994). Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work, Harvard Business Review, 72 (2): 164–170.
20. Huseman, Richard C., Hatfield, John D. ve Miles, E. W. (1987). A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct, Academy of Management Review, 12 (2): 222-234.
21. Kickul, J. ve Lester, S. W. (2001). Broken Promises: Equity Sensitivity as a Moderator Between Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Attitudes and Behavior, Journal of Business and Psychology, 16 (2): 191-216.
22. Kreiner, G. E. ve Ashforth B. E. (2004). Evidence Toward an Expanded Model of Organizational Identification, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25: 1-27.
23. Lester, S.W., Turnley, W.H. ve Bloodgood, J.M. (2000). Supervisor and Subordinateviews of Psychological Contract Fulfillment: The Impact of Perceptual Differences on Employee Work Attitudes and Behaviors. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Management Proceedings, ss. C1–C6.
24. Li, J. J., Wong, I. A. ve Kim, W. G. (2016). Effects Of Psychological Contract Breach On Attitudes Andperformance: The Moderating Role Of Competitive Climate, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55: 1–10.
25. Lub, X., Nije Bijvank, M., Matthijs Bal, P., Blomme, R. ve Schalk, R. (2012). Different or Alike? Exploring the Psychological Contract and Commitment of Differentgenerations of Hospitality Workers, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24 (4): 553–573.
26. Mael, F. ve Ashforth, B. (1992). Alumni and Their Alma Mater: a Partial Test of The Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13 (2): 103-123.
27. Mael, F. ve Tetrick, L.E. (1992). Identifying Organizational Identification, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52: 813-824.
28. Maiyaki, A. A. ve Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2010). Determinants of Customer Behavioural Responses: A Pilot Study, International Business Research, 4 (1): 193-197.
29. Miller, V.D., Allen, M., Casey M.K. ve Johnson, J.R. (2000). Reconsidering the Organizational Identification Questionnaire, Management Communication Quarterly, 13 (4): 626-658.
30. Morrison, E.W. ve Robinson, S.L. (1997). When Employees Feel Betrayed: A Model Of How Psychological Contract Violation Develops, Academy of Management Review, 22 (1): 226–256.
31. Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Podsakoff, N.P. ve Lee, J.-Y. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (5): 879-903.
32. Raja, U., Johns, G. ve Ntalianis, F. (2004). The Impact of Personality on Psychological Contracts, Academy of Management Journal, 47 (3): 350–367.
33. Robinson, S. L. ve Morrison, E. W. (2000). The Development of Psychological Contract Breach and Violation: A Longitudinal Study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21 (5): 525-546.
34. Rousseau, D. M. ve Greller, M. M. (1994). Human Resource Practices: Administrative Contract Makers, Human Resource Management, 33 (3): 385-401.
35. Şahin Perçin, N., Aydın Tükeltürk, Ş. ve Güzel, B. (2012). Psikolojik Kontrat İhlal Algısı İle Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisi: Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (20): 93-110.
36. Shih, C.T. ve Chuang, C.H. (2013). Individual Differences, Psychological Contract Breach, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Study. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30 (1): 191-210.
37. Shore, L.M. ve Barksdale, K. (1998). Examining Degree of Balance and Level of Obligation in The Employment Relationship: A Social Exchange Approach, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19: 731-744.
38. Sigler, T. H. ve Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an Empowering Culture: Examining The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Perceptions of Empowerment, Journal of Quality Management, 5 (1): 27-52.
39. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic Confidence Intervals For Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models, Sociological Methodology, 13: 290-312.
40. Suazo, M., Turnley, M. ve Mai-Dalton, R. (2005). Antecedents of Psychological Contract Breach: The Role of Similarity and Leader-Member Exchange, Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 5-10 Ağustos, Honolulu, Hawaii.
41. Taşgit, Y. E., Çömlekçi, İ. ve Öncü, M. A. (2015). Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Entelektüel Sermayenin Belirleyicileri: Yöneticilerin Bakış Açısına Dayanan Bir Değerlendirme. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 26 (2): 238-250.
42. Tekleab, A.G., Takeuchi, R. ve Taylor, M.S. (2005). Extending The Chain of Relationships Among Organizational Justice, Social Exchange, And Employee Reactions: The Role of Contract Violations, Academy of Management Journal, 48 (1): 146-157.
43. Turnley, W.H., Bolino, M.C., Lester, S.W. ve Bloodgood, J.M., (2003). The Impact of Psychological Contract Fulfillment on the Performance of In-Role and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Journal of management, 29 (2): 187-206.
44. Turunç, Ö. ve Çelik, M. (2010). Çalışanların Algıladıkları Örgütsel Destek ve İş Stresinin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme ve İş Performansına Etkisi, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 17 (2): 183-206.
45. Van Dick, R. (2004). My Job is My Castle: Identification in Organizational Contexts, International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 19: 171-203.
46. Van der Vegt, G. S., Van de Vliert, E. ve Oosterhof, A. (2003). Informational Dissimilarity and OCB: The Role of Intrateam Interdependence and Team Identification, Academy of Management Journal, 46 (6): 715-727.
47. Wu, C. M. ve Chen, T. C. (2015). Psychological Contract Fulfillment in the Hotel Workplace: Empowering Leadership, Knowledge Exchange, and Service Performance, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 48: 27-38.