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Anklav Turizm ve Gelişmekte Olan Destinasyonlar Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, - , 01.06.2018

Wineaster Anderson

https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.439139

Abstract

Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan destinasyonlarda anklav (Enclave)turizmin sosyo-ekonomik etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın odak noktası olarak Zanzibar seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı ise başta turistlerin toplam harcamalarının belirlenmesi olmak üzere, bu harcamaların demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını saptamak, ayrıca satın alınan paket tur kategorileri ile turistlerin harcamaları arasında istatistiksel farklılığın olup olmadığını belirlemek üzere yapılmıştır. Veriler, 2009 yazında Zanzibar Havalimanında bulunan yabancı ziyaretçilere uygulanan spesifik bir anket aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verinin toplanmasından sonra turist harcamalarının akışı ortalama vaka özetleri ile tahmin edilmiş, yapılan ANOVA ile de elde edilen ortalamaların birbirine eşit olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Farklı kategorideki tur paketleri için yapılan harcamalar karşılaştırıldığında, Anklav Turizm kapsamında yapılan harcamaların diğer kategorilere göre daha az olduğu saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel kanıtlar, bu farkın temel olarak satın alınan paket tur çeşidinden kaynaklandığını, dolayısıyla da paket tur hizmetlerinin turistlerin günlük ortalama harcamaları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, yoksul yanlı (pro-poor) turizmin yaygınlaşması için turizm endüstrisi ile yerel halk arasında bağlantı oluşturabilecek stratejiler önermesi açısından alanyazına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Anklav turizm Turist harcamaları Gelişmekte olan destinasyonlar Zanzibar

References

  • Abdool, A. ve Carey, B. (2004). Making Enclave More Inclusive: A Research Project on The Economic Impact of The Enclave Hotel Sector in Tobago. UK: The Travel Foundation.
  • Aguilo´, E. ve Juaneda, C. (2000). Tourist Expenditure for Mass Tourism Markets, Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (3): 624-637.
  • Alegre, J. ve Pou, L. (2006). El Paquete Turístico De Todo Incluido: Un Análisis De Sus Implicaciones Económicas Para El Caso De Las Islas Baleares. Proyecto SEC2002-0512, Ministerio De Ciencia Y Tecnología. Departamento De Economía Aplicada Universitat De Les Illes Balears.
  • Anderson, W. (2008). Analysis of Enclave Travel Mode: Demand and Supply Perspectives in The Balearic Islands. (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). Palme De Mallorca: Balearic Islands Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, W. (2010). Determinants of Enclave Travel Expenditure, Tourism Review, 65 (3): 4-15.
  • Anderson, W., Juaneda, C. ve Sastre, F. (2009). Influences of Pro-Enclave Travel Decisions, Tourism Review, 64 (2): 4-18.
  • Ashley, C. (2006). Participation by the Poor in Luang Prabang Tourism Economy: Current Earnings and Opportunities for Expansion. Working Paper 273. Londra: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Enoch, Y. (1996). Contents of Tour Packages: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, Annals of Tourism Research, 23: 599-616.
  • Freitag, T. (1994). Enclave Tourism Development: For Whom The Benefits Roll?, Annals of Tourism Research, 21(2): 538-554.
  • Heung, V. ve Chu, R. (2000). Important Factors Affecting Hong Kong Consumers’ Choice of A Travel Agency For AI Package Tours, Journal of Travel Research, 39: 52-59.
  • Holloway, C. (1998). The Business of Tourism. Singapur: Addison Wesley-Longman.
  • Holloway, J. (2000). Tour. İçinde J. Jafari (Editör), The Encyclopedia Of Tourism (ss. 582–583). London: Routledge.
  • Issa, J. ve Jayawardena, C. (2003). The ‘AI’ concept in the Caribbean, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15 (3): 167-171.
  • Jang, S., Bai, B., Hong, G. ve O’Leary, J. (2004). Understanding Travel Expenditure Patterns: A Study of Japanese Pleasure Travellers to the US by Income Level, Tourism Management, 25: 331-341.
  • Kar-ammel, S. ve Lengefeld, K. (2005). Can All-Inclusive Tourism Be Pro-Poor?, http://www.id21. org/insights/insights62/art05.html.
  • Kastenholz, E. (2005). Analysis of Determinants of Visitor Spending for the Rural Tourist Market In North Portugal, Tourism Economics, 11(4): 555-569.
  • Mbaiwa, J. (2005). Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, Tourism Management, 26: 157-172.
  • Meyer, D. (2006). Caribbean Tourism, Local Sourcing and Enterprise Development: Review of The Literature, http://www.propoortourism.org.uk/18_domrep.pdf.
  • Meyer, D. (2010). Changing Power Relations: Foreign Direct Investment in Zanzibar. İçinde J. Modesale (Editör), Political Economy of Tourism: A Critical Perspective Contemporary Geographies of Leisure. Tourism and Mobility.: Routledge.
  • Middleton, V. (1994). Marketing in Travel and Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
  • Millington, K., Locke, T. ve Locke, A. (2001). The AI market Travel & Tourism Intelligence. London: Mintel International Group.
  • Mitchell, J. (2006). Can Tourism Reduce Poverty in Africa? UK: ODI Briefing Paper.
  • Mitchell, J.ve Page, S. (2005). Linkages and Leakages., Local Supply and Imports, http://www.id21. org/insights/insights62/art04.html.
  • Mok, C. ve Iverson, T. (2000). Expenditure-Based Segmentation: Taiwanese Tourists to Gaum, Tourism Management, 21(3): 299-305.
  • Mudambi, R. ve Baum, T. (1997). Strategic Segmentation: An Empirical Analysis of Tourism Expenditure in Turkey, Journal of Travel Research, 36(1): 29-34.
  • Paris, J. ve Zona-Paris, C. (1999). 100 best AI resorts of the world. Guilford. CT: The Globe Pequot Press.
  • Peerapatdit, N. (1999). The Impact of Selected Socio-Demographic, Travel-Related and Psychographic Variables on Travel Expenditure (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Florida: Central Üniversitesi Rosen College of Hospitality Management.
  • Philips, R. ve Webster, S. (1983). Group travel. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Reid, A. (1992). Reflections: Waiting for Colombus, The New Yorker, 24 Şubat: 57–75.
  • Rewtrakunphaiboon, W. ve Oppewal, H. (2004). Holiday Packaging and Tourist Decision Making, Tourism Analysis, 8 (2-4): 193-196.
  • Sheldon, P. (1990). A Review of Tourism Expenditure Research. İçinde C. Cooper (Editör), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management (ss. 28–29). Londra: Belhaven Press.
  • Sheldon, P. ve Mak, J. (1987). The Demand for Package Tours: A Mode Choice Modal, Journal of Travel Research, 25 (3): 13-17.
  • Steck, B., Wood, K. ve Bishop, J. (2010). Tourism More Value for Zanzibar: Value Chain Analysis: Final Report. Zanzibar: VSO, SNV and ZATI.
  • The Zanzibar Association of Tourism Investors (2009). Progress Report. Membership, Tourism Arrivals, The Activities of ZATI October 2008–October 2009. The Visitor Exit Survey And The Forward View For 2010. Prepared for The ZATI Annual General Meeting.
  • Tourism Intelligence International (2005). How The British Will Travel 2005. Bielefeld: Tourism Intelligence International. United Nations (1994). Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis and World Tourism Organization (WTO) (1994). Recommendations on Tourism Statistics. New York: United Nations.
  • Wong, S. ve Lau, E. (2001). Understanding the Behavior of Hong Kong Chinese Tourists on Group Tour Packages, Journal of Travel Research, 40: 57-67.
  • WTO (2005). Basic References on Tourism Statistics. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.

Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations

Year 2018, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, - , 01.06.2018

Wineaster Anderson

https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.439139

Abstract

This study explores the socio-economic implications of enclave tourism in emerging destinations. The focus is on Zanzibar. The specific objectives are to estimate the gross tourist expenditure; to analyze the tourist expenditure in relation to the tourist demographic characteristics; and to find out whether there is any statistical difference between the expenditure caused by the type of the chosen tour mode. A specific visitor-survey was conducted at the Zanzibar Airport during the summer of 2009. Then, the flow of the tourist expenditure was estimated using aggregate-case summaries while the equality of the mean was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Analysis of expenditure between the different categories of the tours reveals that the average daily expenditure spent by the enclave tourist was well below that made by the other types of contracts. There is statistical evidence to suggest that the differences were due to the chosen tour mode, as the type of tour has a significant effect on the average daily expenditure per tourist at the destination. The study recommends calculated strategies for linking the tourism industry with the local people for pro-poor tourism promotion.

Keywords

Enclave tourism Tourists expanditure Emerging destinations Zanzibar

References

  • Abdool, A. ve Carey, B. (2004). Making Enclave More Inclusive: A Research Project on The Economic Impact of The Enclave Hotel Sector in Tobago. UK: The Travel Foundation.
  • Aguilo´, E. ve Juaneda, C. (2000). Tourist Expenditure for Mass Tourism Markets, Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (3): 624-637.
  • Alegre, J. ve Pou, L. (2006). El Paquete Turístico De Todo Incluido: Un Análisis De Sus Implicaciones Económicas Para El Caso De Las Islas Baleares. Proyecto SEC2002-0512, Ministerio De Ciencia Y Tecnología. Departamento De Economía Aplicada Universitat De Les Illes Balears.
  • Anderson, W. (2008). Analysis of Enclave Travel Mode: Demand and Supply Perspectives in The Balearic Islands. (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). Palme De Mallorca: Balearic Islands Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, W. (2010). Determinants of Enclave Travel Expenditure, Tourism Review, 65 (3): 4-15.
  • Anderson, W., Juaneda, C. ve Sastre, F. (2009). Influences of Pro-Enclave Travel Decisions, Tourism Review, 64 (2): 4-18.
  • Ashley, C. (2006). Participation by the Poor in Luang Prabang Tourism Economy: Current Earnings and Opportunities for Expansion. Working Paper 273. Londra: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Enoch, Y. (1996). Contents of Tour Packages: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, Annals of Tourism Research, 23: 599-616.
  • Freitag, T. (1994). Enclave Tourism Development: For Whom The Benefits Roll?, Annals of Tourism Research, 21(2): 538-554.
  • Heung, V. ve Chu, R. (2000). Important Factors Affecting Hong Kong Consumers’ Choice of A Travel Agency For AI Package Tours, Journal of Travel Research, 39: 52-59.
  • Holloway, C. (1998). The Business of Tourism. Singapur: Addison Wesley-Longman.
  • Holloway, J. (2000). Tour. İçinde J. Jafari (Editör), The Encyclopedia Of Tourism (ss. 582–583). London: Routledge.
  • Issa, J. ve Jayawardena, C. (2003). The ‘AI’ concept in the Caribbean, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15 (3): 167-171.
  • Jang, S., Bai, B., Hong, G. ve O’Leary, J. (2004). Understanding Travel Expenditure Patterns: A Study of Japanese Pleasure Travellers to the US by Income Level, Tourism Management, 25: 331-341.
  • Kar-ammel, S. ve Lengefeld, K. (2005). Can All-Inclusive Tourism Be Pro-Poor?, http://www.id21. org/insights/insights62/art05.html.
  • Kastenholz, E. (2005). Analysis of Determinants of Visitor Spending for the Rural Tourist Market In North Portugal, Tourism Economics, 11(4): 555-569.
  • Mbaiwa, J. (2005). Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, Tourism Management, 26: 157-172.
  • Meyer, D. (2006). Caribbean Tourism, Local Sourcing and Enterprise Development: Review of The Literature, http://www.propoortourism.org.uk/18_domrep.pdf.
  • Meyer, D. (2010). Changing Power Relations: Foreign Direct Investment in Zanzibar. İçinde J. Modesale (Editör), Political Economy of Tourism: A Critical Perspective Contemporary Geographies of Leisure. Tourism and Mobility.: Routledge.
  • Middleton, V. (1994). Marketing in Travel and Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
  • Millington, K., Locke, T. ve Locke, A. (2001). The AI market Travel & Tourism Intelligence. London: Mintel International Group.
  • Mitchell, J. (2006). Can Tourism Reduce Poverty in Africa? UK: ODI Briefing Paper.
  • Mitchell, J.ve Page, S. (2005). Linkages and Leakages., Local Supply and Imports, http://www.id21. org/insights/insights62/art04.html.
  • Mok, C. ve Iverson, T. (2000). Expenditure-Based Segmentation: Taiwanese Tourists to Gaum, Tourism Management, 21(3): 299-305.
  • Mudambi, R. ve Baum, T. (1997). Strategic Segmentation: An Empirical Analysis of Tourism Expenditure in Turkey, Journal of Travel Research, 36(1): 29-34.
  • Paris, J. ve Zona-Paris, C. (1999). 100 best AI resorts of the world. Guilford. CT: The Globe Pequot Press.
  • Peerapatdit, N. (1999). The Impact of Selected Socio-Demographic, Travel-Related and Psychographic Variables on Travel Expenditure (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Florida: Central Üniversitesi Rosen College of Hospitality Management.
  • Philips, R. ve Webster, S. (1983). Group travel. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Reid, A. (1992). Reflections: Waiting for Colombus, The New Yorker, 24 Şubat: 57–75.
  • Rewtrakunphaiboon, W. ve Oppewal, H. (2004). Holiday Packaging and Tourist Decision Making, Tourism Analysis, 8 (2-4): 193-196.
  • Sheldon, P. (1990). A Review of Tourism Expenditure Research. İçinde C. Cooper (Editör), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management (ss. 28–29). Londra: Belhaven Press.
  • Sheldon, P. ve Mak, J. (1987). The Demand for Package Tours: A Mode Choice Modal, Journal of Travel Research, 25 (3): 13-17.
  • Steck, B., Wood, K. ve Bishop, J. (2010). Tourism More Value for Zanzibar: Value Chain Analysis: Final Report. Zanzibar: VSO, SNV and ZATI.
  • The Zanzibar Association of Tourism Investors (2009). Progress Report. Membership, Tourism Arrivals, The Activities of ZATI October 2008–October 2009. The Visitor Exit Survey And The Forward View For 2010. Prepared for The ZATI Annual General Meeting.
  • Tourism Intelligence International (2005). How The British Will Travel 2005. Bielefeld: Tourism Intelligence International. United Nations (1994). Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis and World Tourism Organization (WTO) (1994). Recommendations on Tourism Statistics. New York: United Nations.
  • Wong, S. ve Lau, E. (2001). Understanding the Behavior of Hong Kong Chinese Tourists on Group Tour Packages, Journal of Travel Research, 40: 57-67.
  • WTO (2005). Basic References on Tourism Statistics. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Seçme Çeviri Articles
Authors

Wineaster Anderson This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Anderson, W. (2018). Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.439139
AMA Anderson W. Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. June 2018;29(1). doi:10.17123/atad.439139
Chicago Anderson, Wineaster. “Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations”. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 29, no. 1 (June 2018). https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.439139.
EndNote Anderson W (June 1, 2018) Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 29 1
IEEE W. Anderson, “Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.17123/atad.439139.
ISNAD Anderson, Wineaster. “Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations”. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 29/1 (June 2018). https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.439139.
JAMA Anderson W. Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2018;29. doi:10.17123/atad.439139.
MLA Anderson, Wineaster. “Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations”. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 1, 2018, doi:10.17123/atad.439139.
Vancouver Anderson W. Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2018;29(1).