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Leniniana ve Yugonostalji: Post-Sosyalist Kimlik ve Kültürel Bellek Üzerine Görsel Bir İnceleme

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 430 - 451
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1668729

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Leniniana ve Yugonostalji üzerinden post-sosyalist kimlik inşası ile kültürel bellek arasındaki ilişkiyi disiplinler arası görsel analiz yöntemi temelinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Post-Sovyet ve post-Yugoslav dönemlerde Lenin ve Tito figürleri, görsel temsiller aracılığıyla yeniden şekillendirilmiş ve kolektif bellekte farklı anlamlar kazanmıştır. Çalışma, kolektif bellek ve hafıza mekânları kuramları ışığında teorik bir zemine oturmaktadır. Leniniana, Sovyet ideolojisinin en önemli görsel temsil geleneklerinden biri olarak Sovyet halkının kültürel belleğinde kalıcı bir yer edinmiştir. Ancak Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla Lenin’in kamusal alandaki temsili farklılaşmış ve yeni anlamlar kazanmıştır. Benzer şekilde, Yugonostalji, Tito liderliğinde inşa edilen kolektif belleğin, Yugoslavya’nın çöküşü sonrasında nostaljik bir unsur olarak yeniden şekillenişini temsil etmektedir. Çalışma, posterleri, duvar resimleri, çağdaş sanat işleri ve dijital imgeler gibi çeşitli görsel materyaller üzerinden yapılan nitel bir örnek olay analizine dayanmaktadır. Seçilen imgeler, post-sosyalist nostaljinin temsili, ideolojik boşluğun sembolik telafisi ve toplumsal kimlik arayışlarının kültürel izleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Görsel imgelerin nostalji, ideoloji ve kültürel bellekle etkileşimi ele alınarak, bu figürlerin post-sosyalist dönemdeki yeni anlatılara nasıl eklemlendiği incelenmektedir. Özellikle propaganda ve popüler kültür aracılığıyla bu imgelerin nasıl dönüşüm geçirdiği de tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulguları, Lenin ve Tito görsellerinin, geçmiş rejimlerin ideolojik mirasının kolektif bellekten tamamen silinmediğini; aksine güncel kimlik müzakerelerinde yeniden üretildiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, Leniniana ve Yugonostalji’nin görselleri, post-sosyalist kimliklerin temsili ve kültürel hafızanın evrimini anlamada kritik bir rol oynamakta; post-sosyalist toplumların geçmişle kurdukları ilişkiye dair önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır.

References

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge University Press.
  • Boym, S. (2001). The future of nostalgia. Basic Books.
  • Dubrovskiy, M. & Karpuhin, A. A. (2022). Ideologiya bolshevizma i obraz vozhdja v sovetskom iskusstve. Vestnik Brianskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 54(4), 22-39.
  • Efremenko, V. D. & Meleshkina, Y. E. (2020). Yugoslavskiy metanarrativ i sovremennaja yugonostalgiya v stranah zapadnyh Balkan. Politicheskaya Ekspertiza: Politeks, 16(1), 78-100.
  • Halbwachs, M. (1996). On collective memory. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ivanova, V., Svetlana, N. D. & Evgenieva V. T. (2012). Kruglyy stol “identichnost sovremennoy Rossii: krizis tsennostey, poisk smyslov i puti konstruirovaniya”. Tsennosti i Smysly, 21, 10-26.
  • Jeffry, O. K. (1999). Collective memory: the two cultures. Sociological Theory, 17(3), 333-348.
  • Kuljić, T. (2005). Tito: sociološko-istorijska studija. Gradska Narodna Biblioteka Žarko Zrenjanin.
  • Kuljić, T. (2011). Sećanje na titoizam: između diktata i otpora. Čigoja štampa.
  • Lunacharskiy, V. A. (1929). Predislovie k knige M. Bekkera “Lenin v hudozhestvennoy literature”. nasledie A. V. Lunacherskogo.
  • http://lunacharsky.newgod.su/lib/ss-tom-8/predislovie-k-knige-m-bekkera-lenin-v-hudozestvennoj-literature/
  • Milivojević, M. (2024). Brand new your retro? Yugo-nostalgia and/as yugo-futurism in alternative and popular music. Imaginaires, 26, 152-173.
  • Moskvin, E. D. (2014). “Dolgaya leniniana”: evolyutsiya obraza Lenina v otechestvennoy vizualnoy kulture. Simvolicheskaya Politika, 2, 128-145.
  • Nora, P. (1996). Realms of memory: the construction of the French past. Columbia University Press.
  • Plamper, Y. (2010). Alhimiya vlasti: kult Stalina v izobrazitelnom iskusstve. Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie.
  • Rose, G. (2016). Visual methodologies: an introduction to researching with visual materials. Sage Publications.
  • Samoylov, E. D. & Severyuhin, Y. D. (2021). Leniniana noveyshego vremeni. Vestnik Russkoy Hristianskoy Gumanitarnoy Akademii, 22(4-2), 118-131.
  • Simmons, C. (2009). Miljenko Jergović and (yugo) nostalgia. Russian Literature, 66(4), 457-469.
  • Synovitz, R. (2010). Thirty years after Tito’s death, Yugoslav nostalgia abounds. Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty.
  • https://www.rferl.org/a/Thirty_Years_After_Titos_Death_Yugoslav_Nostalgia_Abounds_/2031874.html
  • Shefov, N. A. (1986). Leniniana v sovetskom izobrazitelnom iskusstve. İskusstvo.
  • Ugrešić, D. (1998). The culture of lies. Index on Censorship, 23(1-2), 23-43.
  • Memorialnıy Muzey Raznoçinnıy Peterburg. (t.y.). “Leniniana”. Retrieved December 13, 2024, from https://spbmmrp.ru/o-muzee/novosti/40-leniniana/773-leniniana-v-kontekste-istorii
  • Velikonja, M. (2008). Titostalgia – a study of nostalgia for Josip Broz. Peace Institute.
  • Velikonja, M. (2012). Titostalgia. On the post-Yugoslav cognitive map. In D. Šuber & S. Karamanić (Ed.), Retracing images: visual culture after Yugoslavia (pp. 283-312). Brill Academic Publishers.
  • Velikonja, M. (2014). New yugoslavism in contemporary popular music in Slovenia. In D. Abazović & M. Velikonja (Ed.), Post Yugoslavia: new cultural and political perspectives (pp. 57-95). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Volčič, Z. (2007). Yugo-Nostalgia: cultural memory and media in the former Yugoslavia. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 24(1), 21-38.
  • Yerköy, S. (2022). Geçmişten kaçışın bir sembolü olan “Leninopad”ın Ukrayna ve Rusya basınında yankıları, Hacettepe Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 37, 77-109.

Leniniana and Yugonostalgia: A Visual Study on Post-Socialist Identity and Cultural Memory

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 430 - 451
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1668729

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between post-socialist identity construction and cultural memory through Leniniana and Yugonostalgia, based on an interdisciplinary visual analysis method. In the post-Soviet and post-Yugoslav periods, the figures of Lenin and Tito were reshaped through visual representations and gained different meanings in collective memory. The study rests on a theoretical framework grounded in collective memory and lieux de mémoire concepts. Leniniana, as one of the most important visual traditions of Soviet ideology, has secured a lasting place in the cultural memory of the Soviet people. However, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lenin’s public representation changed and acquired new meanings. Similarly, Yugonostalgia represents the nostalgic reshaping of the collective memory constructed under Tito’s leadership after the collapse of Yugoslavia. The study is based on a qualitative case analysis of various visual materials, including propaganda posters, murals, contemporary artworks, and digital images. The selected images are evaluated in terms of their representation of post-socialist nostalgia, symbolic compensation for ideological voids, and the cultural traces of social identity quests. The interaction between visual images, nostalgia, ideology, and cultural memory is explored, focusing on how these figures have been integrated into new narratives in the post-socialist era. Particular attention is given to how these images have transformed through propaganda and popular culture. The main findings indicate that the images of Lenin and Tito demonstrate that the ideological legacy of past regimes has not been entirely erased from collective memory but rather reproduced in contemporary identity negotiations. In conclusion, the visuals of Leniniana and Yugonostalgia play a critical role in representing post-socialist identities and understanding the evolution of cultural memory, offering significant insights into how post-socialist societies relate to their past.

References

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge University Press.
  • Boym, S. (2001). The future of nostalgia. Basic Books.
  • Dubrovskiy, M. & Karpuhin, A. A. (2022). Ideologiya bolshevizma i obraz vozhdja v sovetskom iskusstve. Vestnik Brianskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 54(4), 22-39.
  • Efremenko, V. D. & Meleshkina, Y. E. (2020). Yugoslavskiy metanarrativ i sovremennaja yugonostalgiya v stranah zapadnyh Balkan. Politicheskaya Ekspertiza: Politeks, 16(1), 78-100.
  • Halbwachs, M. (1996). On collective memory. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ivanova, V., Svetlana, N. D. & Evgenieva V. T. (2012). Kruglyy stol “identichnost sovremennoy Rossii: krizis tsennostey, poisk smyslov i puti konstruirovaniya”. Tsennosti i Smysly, 21, 10-26.
  • Jeffry, O. K. (1999). Collective memory: the two cultures. Sociological Theory, 17(3), 333-348.
  • Kuljić, T. (2005). Tito: sociološko-istorijska studija. Gradska Narodna Biblioteka Žarko Zrenjanin.
  • Kuljić, T. (2011). Sećanje na titoizam: između diktata i otpora. Čigoja štampa.
  • Lunacharskiy, V. A. (1929). Predislovie k knige M. Bekkera “Lenin v hudozhestvennoy literature”. nasledie A. V. Lunacherskogo.
  • http://lunacharsky.newgod.su/lib/ss-tom-8/predislovie-k-knige-m-bekkera-lenin-v-hudozestvennoj-literature/
  • Milivojević, M. (2024). Brand new your retro? Yugo-nostalgia and/as yugo-futurism in alternative and popular music. Imaginaires, 26, 152-173.
  • Moskvin, E. D. (2014). “Dolgaya leniniana”: evolyutsiya obraza Lenina v otechestvennoy vizualnoy kulture. Simvolicheskaya Politika, 2, 128-145.
  • Nora, P. (1996). Realms of memory: the construction of the French past. Columbia University Press.
  • Plamper, Y. (2010). Alhimiya vlasti: kult Stalina v izobrazitelnom iskusstve. Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie.
  • Rose, G. (2016). Visual methodologies: an introduction to researching with visual materials. Sage Publications.
  • Samoylov, E. D. & Severyuhin, Y. D. (2021). Leniniana noveyshego vremeni. Vestnik Russkoy Hristianskoy Gumanitarnoy Akademii, 22(4-2), 118-131.
  • Simmons, C. (2009). Miljenko Jergović and (yugo) nostalgia. Russian Literature, 66(4), 457-469.
  • Synovitz, R. (2010). Thirty years after Tito’s death, Yugoslav nostalgia abounds. Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty.
  • https://www.rferl.org/a/Thirty_Years_After_Titos_Death_Yugoslav_Nostalgia_Abounds_/2031874.html
  • Shefov, N. A. (1986). Leniniana v sovetskom izobrazitelnom iskusstve. İskusstvo.
  • Ugrešić, D. (1998). The culture of lies. Index on Censorship, 23(1-2), 23-43.
  • Memorialnıy Muzey Raznoçinnıy Peterburg. (t.y.). “Leniniana”. Retrieved December 13, 2024, from https://spbmmrp.ru/o-muzee/novosti/40-leniniana/773-leniniana-v-kontekste-istorii
  • Velikonja, M. (2008). Titostalgia – a study of nostalgia for Josip Broz. Peace Institute.
  • Velikonja, M. (2012). Titostalgia. On the post-Yugoslav cognitive map. In D. Šuber & S. Karamanić (Ed.), Retracing images: visual culture after Yugoslavia (pp. 283-312). Brill Academic Publishers.
  • Velikonja, M. (2014). New yugoslavism in contemporary popular music in Slovenia. In D. Abazović & M. Velikonja (Ed.), Post Yugoslavia: new cultural and political perspectives (pp. 57-95). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Volčič, Z. (2007). Yugo-Nostalgia: cultural memory and media in the former Yugoslavia. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 24(1), 21-38.
  • Yerköy, S. (2022). Geçmişten kaçışın bir sembolü olan “Leninopad”ın Ukrayna ve Rusya basınında yankıları, Hacettepe Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 37, 77-109.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intellectual History of Politics, Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Samet Yerköy 0000-0002-2682-4986

Early Pub Date July 4, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date April 1, 2025
Acceptance Date July 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yerköy, S. (2025). Leniniana and Yugonostalgia: A Visual Study on Post-Socialist Identity and Cultural Memory. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences, 29(3), 430-451. https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1668729

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