The Emergence Process of The Auricle Style and Evaluation of The Style with Certain Examples

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 1 - 23

Esra Halıcı

https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1670136

Abstract

The Auricular Style (Kulak Kepçesi Stili, Lobate, Ohrmuschelstil, Kwab) refers to a unique decorative
style in 17th-century Holland that represents a transitional phase between Northern Mannerism
and the Baroque style. Composed of organic, amorphous, and almost melting forms, this style
takes its name from its asymmetrical shapes reminiscent of the outer ear. First traces of this
decorative approach can be found in 16th-century printmaking, but it gained an independent
stylistic identity through the silverworks produced by the Vianen brothers, who were active at the
Habsburg court in Prague. Initially attracting the interest of a limited circle, this style soon inspired
artists from different disciplines, thus spreading throughout Europe. Although the exact date and
artistic environment in which the style emerged remain debatable, it is undeniable that the
strongest contribution came from the Netherlands; it then spread to leading European art centers
such as England, France, Italy, and Germany. In the second half of the 19th century, it also
appeared to a limited extent in Ottoman art, particularly in the field of architectural
ornamentation; later, it became more visible in civil architectural works, especially in the Pera
district of Istanbul. This study examines in detail the emergence of the auricular form, its origins,
and the transformation it underwent in the context of printmaking and silver craftsmanship. It also
discusses how the style was adopted in European art, particularly in architectural ornamentation
and painting, through concrete examples. Furthermore, it brings to the forefront a form that has
not been sufficiently defined in Ottoman decorative literature and draws attention to the
reflection of this style in Ottoman art. Therefore, the study aims to contribute to the enrichment
of the decorative terminology of the late Ottoman period and to a more accurate
conceptualization of the auricular style.

Keywords

Netherlands , Ornament , Cartouche , Medallion , European Art

Kulak Kepçesi Stilinin Ortaya Çıkış Süreci ve Belli Örneklerle Stilin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Kulak Kepçesi Stili (Auricular Style, Lobate, Ohrmuschelstil, Kwab), 17. yüzyıl Hollanda’sında kuzey
maniyerizmi ile barok üslup arasında bir geçiş niteliği taşıyan özgün bir süsleme tarzını ifade
etmektedir. Organik, amorf ve adeta eriyen biçimlerden oluşan bu üslup, adını dış kulak kepçesini
andıran asimetrik formlarından almaktadır. İlk izlerine 16. yüzyılın gravür sanatında rastlanan bu
süsleme anlayışı, bağımsız bir stil kimliğine Prag’daki Habsburg sarayında faaliyet gösteren Vianen
kardeşlerin ürettiği gümüş eserler aracılığıyla kavuşmuştur. Başlangıçta sınırlı bir çevrenin ilgisini
çeken bu üslup, kısa sürede farklı disiplinlerden sanatçılara ilham vermiş ve bu sayede Avrupa
genelinde yayılım göstermiştir. Stilin hangi tarihte ve hangi sanatsal ortamda ortaya çıktığı
meselesi tartışmalı olmakla birlikte, hiç şüphesiz en güçlü katkıyı Hollanda sağlamış; ardından
İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya ve Almanya gibi Avrupa’nın önde gelen sanat merkezlerine yayılmıştır. 19.
yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ise Osmanlı sanatında, özellikle mimari süsleme alanında sınırlı da olsa
örnekler vermiş; sonrasında ise özellikle İstanbul’un Pera semtindeki sivil mimarlık ürünlerinde
daha görünür hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, kulak kepçesi formunun ortaya çıkışını, kökenlerini,
gravür ve gümüş işçiliği bağlamında geçirdiği dönüşümü ayrıntılı biçimde incelemektedir. Ayrıca
söz konusu üslubun Avrupa sanatında mimari süslemelerde ve resim sanatında nasıl
benimsendiği, somut örnekler üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Osmanlı süsleme
literatüründe yeterince tanımlanmamış bir formu gündeme taşımakta ve bu üslubun Osmanlı
sanatındaki yansımasına da dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın, geç dönem Osmanlı
süsleme terminolojisinin zenginleştirilmesine ve kulak kepçesi stilinin daha doğru
kavramsallaştırılmasına katkı sunması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Hollanda , Süsleme , Kartuş , Madalyon , Avrupa Sanatı

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen çalışmalar arasında yer aldığını beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

Çalışma herhangi bir kurum tarafından desteklenmemektedir.

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