YÜKSELTİDE SPOR VE FİZYOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 52 - 68, 30.12.2019

Yusuf Buzdağlı , Mitat Koz

Abstract

Günümüzde milyonlarca
insan farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda yükseltiye çıkmaktadırlar. Rekreasyonel
faaliyetler, yüksek irtifa tırmanışları ve sportif performansı artırmak bu
amaçlardan bazılarıdır. Yüksek irtifanın organizma üzerinde ki etkilerine
yönelik çalışmalara 1878 yılında başlanılmış ise de, yüksek irtifa konusu 1968
yılında yapılan Mexico olimpiyatları ile sporda en önemli konulardan biri
haline gelmiştir. Yüksek irtifanın en belirgin etkilerini belirlemek için 1964
Tokyo olimpiyatlarını 1968 Mexico olimpiyatları ile karşılaştırmak doğru bir
yaklaşımdır. Yükseklik arttıkça yerçekiminin etkisi azalmakta ve yükseklikte
yer çekiminin azalması anaerobik kapasite ile yapılan spor branşlarında avantaj
sağlarken, aerobik sporlar için dezavantaj teşkil etmektedir. Günümüzde dağcılık, tırmanış ve havacılık gibi
sporlara artan ilginin yanında, havacılık ve uzay ile ilgili bilimsel
çalışmaların artması, insan organizmasının yüksek irtifalardaki tepki ve
uyumlarını incelemek daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca spora yönelik
hazırlanma süreçlerinde, vücudun dayanıklılık performansı için oksijen taşınma
ve tüketiminin arttırılmasının önemi nedeniyle, yüksek irtifadaki
antrenmanların deniz seviyesindeki yarışmalar öncesi kullanılması yönünde de
ciddi eğilimler oluşmuştur.
Bu çalışmada ise spor
fizyolojinin daha özel bir konusu olan yükseltide spor ve fizyolojik etkilerini
incelemek amacıyla ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Spor, İrtifa, Fizyolojik

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