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Mouthguard Use In The Prevention Of Dental Injuries

Year 2013, Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7, - , 01.07.2013

Abstract

Dental trauma can be seen during sport activities. Hard and soft tissue injuries are the results of these traumas and effect individuals in financial and psychological ways. In regard to reduce the effects and minimize the injuries of traumas, mouthguards should be used. In this literature review, the types and usage of mouthguards were given in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of mouthguards were explained and the changes in fabrication materials were also discussed. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of mouthguards and to evaluate the role of dentists in the promoting of mouthguard usage.

References

  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Shintaro K, Nakajima K, Shimada A, Regner CW. The influence of impact object characteristics on impact force and force absorption by mouthguard material. Dent Traumato. 2004;20:12-20.
  • Gülcan Coşkun Akar. Mouthguards Used Against Sport Injuries. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2007; 28: 9-17. American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Guideline on management of acute dental trauma. Reference Manual 20112012; 33:220-8.
  • Yeşil Duymuş Z, Gungor H. Use of mouthguard rates among university athletes during sport activities in Erzurum, Turkey. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:318-22.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Ogawa T, Nakajima K, Shibusawa M, Shimada A, Regner CW. Are all mouthguards the same and safe to use? The influence of occlusal supporting mouthguards in decreasing bone distortion and fractures. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:150-6.
  • Keçeci AD. Kontakt sporlarda dental travmadan korunma. Egzersiz 2007, 1: 16-21.
  • Azodo CC, Odai CD, Osazuwa-Peters N, Obuekwe ON. A survey of orofacial injuries among basketball players. Int Dent J 2011;61:43-6.
  • Ma W. Basketball players' experience of dental injury and awareness about mouthguard in China. Dent Traumatol 2008 ;24: 430-4.
  • Bemelmanns P, Pfeiffer P. Shock absorption capacities of mouthguards in different types and thicknesses. Int J Sports Med 2001;22:149-53.
  • Perunski S, Lang B, Pohl Y, Filippi A. Level of information concerning dental injuries and their prevention in Swiss basketball--a survey among players and coaches. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 195-200.
  • Correa MB, Schuch HS, Collares K, Torriani DD, Hallal PC, Demarco FF. Survey on the occurrenceof dental trauma and preventive strategies among Brazilian professional soccer players. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:572-6.
  • Pribble JM, Maio RF, Freed GL. Parental perceptions regarding mandatory mouthguard use in competitive youth soccer. Inj Prev 2004; 10: 159Frontera RR, Zanin L, Ambrosano GM, Flório FM. Orofacial trauma in Brazilian basketball players and level of information concerning trauma and mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:208-16.
  • Newsome PRH, Tran DC, Cooke MS. The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports-related dental injuries: a review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001; 11: 396-404.
  • Duddy FA, Weissman J, Lee RA Sr, Paranjpe A, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. Influence of different types of mouthguards on strength and performance of collegiate athletes: a controlledrandomized trial. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:263-7.
  • Onyeaso CO, Adegbesan OA. Knowledge and attitudes of coaches of secondary school athletes in Ibadan, Nigeria regarding oro-facial injuries and mouthguard use by the athletes. Dent Traumatol 2003;19:204-8.
  • Andrade RA, Evans PL, Almeida AL, da Silva Jde J, Guedes AM, Guedes FR, Ranalli DN, Modesto A, Tinoco EM. Prevalence of dental trauma in Pan American games athletes. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26:248-53.
  • Lieger O, von Arx T. Orofacial/cerebral injuries and the use of mouthguards by professional athletes in Switzerland. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:1-6.
  • Handa J, Takeda T, Kurokawa K, Ozawa T, Nakajima K, Ishigami K. Influence of pre-laminated material on shock absorption ability in specially designed mouthguard with hard insert and space. J Prosthodont Res 2011;55:214-20.
  • Eroğlu E, Diljin KA, Lütfi BM. Elite tae kwon do athletes' satisfaction with custom-made mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:193-7.
  • Schildknecht S, Krastl G, Kühl S, Filippi A. Dental injury and its prevention in Swiss rugby. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:465-9.
  • Harris ON, Garcia-Godoy F, Nathe NC. Primary preventive dentistry. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River; NJ: 2009.387-94.
  • Lang B, Pohl Y, Filippi A. Knowledge and prevention of dental trauma in team handball in Switzerland and Germany. Dent Traumatol 2002; 18: 329-34.
  • Badel T, Jerolimov V, Panduric J. Dental/Orofacial trauma in contact sports and intraoral mouthguard programmes. Kinesiology 2007; 1: 97-105.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Handa J, Naitoh K, Kurokawa K, Shibusawa M, Nakajima K, Kawamura S. Does hard insertion and space improve shock absorption ability of mouthguard? Dent Traumatol 2006;22:77-82.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Mishima O, Karasawa K, Kurokawa K, Kajima T, Nakajima K. Easy fabrication of a new type of mouthguard incorporating a hard insert and space and offering improved shock absorption ability. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27:489-95.
  • Johnston T, Messer LB. An in vitro study of the efficacy of mouthguard protection for dentoalveolar injuries in deciduous and mixed dentitions. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12:277-85.
  • Labella CR, Smith BW, Sigurdsson A. Effect of mouthguards on dental injuries and concussions in college basketball. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2002;34:41-4.
  • McClelland C,Kinirons M, Geary L. A preliminary study of patient comfort associated with customised mouthguards. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33: 186–9.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Jun H, Nakajima K, Shimada A, Ogawa T. The influence of the sensor type on the measured impact absorption of mouthguard material. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:29-35.
  • Westerman B, Stringfellow PM, Eccleston JA. Beneficial effects of air inclusionson the performance of ethylene vinly acetate (EVA) mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36: 51Mihalik JP, McCaffrey MA, Rivera EM, Pardini JE, Guskiewicz KM, Collins MW, Lovell MR. Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports-related cerebral concussion. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23:14
  • Tulunoglu I, Ozbek M. Oral trauma, mouthguard awareness, and use in two contact sports in Turkey. Dent Traumatol 2006;22(5):242-6.
  • Açıkgöz O. Ağız koruyucuları- Ağız yaralanmalarından korunma. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2001;11: 63-7.
  • Cohenca N, Roges RA, Roges R. The incidence and severity of dental trauma in intercollegiate athletes. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138:1121-6.
  • McCrory P. Do mouthguards prevent concussion? Br J Sports Med 2001;35:81-2.
  • Newsome P, Owen S, Reaney D. The dentist’s role in the prevention of sports-related oro-facial injuries. International Dentistry SA 2010;12;64-76.
  • Patrick DG, van Noort R, Found MS. Scale of protection and the various types of sports mouthguard. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:278-81.
  • Chapman PJ. Concussion in contact sports and importance of mouthguards in protection. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1985;17:2-27.
  • Hickey J, Morris A. The relation of mouth protectors to cranial pressure and deformation. J Am Dent Assoc 1967;74:735-40.
  • Meng FH, Schricker SR, Brantley WA, Mendel DA, Rashid RG, Fields HW Jr, Vig KW, Alapati SB. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated DSC study of three mouthguard materials. Dent Mater 2007; 23:1492
  • Bulsara YR, Matthew IR. Forces transmitted through a laminated mouthguard material with a Sorbothane insert. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 14:45Tiwari U,Mishra V, Bhalla A, Singh N, Jain SC, Garg H, Raviprakash S, Grewal N, Kapur P. Fiber Bragg grating sensor for measurement of impact absorption capability of mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:263-8.
  • Boffano P, Boffano M, Gallesio C, Roccia F, Cignetti R, Piana R. Rugby athletes’ awareness and compliance in the use of mouthguards in the North West of Italy. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:210-3.
  • Maeda Y, Yonehata Y, Satoh H. Mouthguard retention: Is design orraccuracy of fit more critical? Quintessence Int. 2009;40(5):e13-8.
  • Winters JE. Role of properly fitted mouthguards in prevention of sport-related concussion. J Athl Train 2001;36:339-41.
  • Gebauer DP, Williamson RA, Wallman KE, Dawson BT. The effect of mouthguard design on respiratory function in athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2011;21:95-100.
  • Deyoung A, Robinson E, Godwin W. Comparing comfort and wearability:custom-made vs.selfadapted mouthguards. J Am Dent Assoc 1994; 125: 112-7.
  • Mizuhashi F, Koide K, Takahashi M, Mizuhashi R. A method to maintain the thickness of the mouthguard after the vacuum forming process: changes of the holding conditions of the mouthguard sheet. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:291
  • Park J, Shaull K, Overton B, Donly K. Improving mouthguards. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:373-80.
  • Ogawa T, Yamasaki S, Honda M, Terao Y, Kawabata S, Maeda Y. Long-term survival of salivary streptococci on dental devices made of ethylene vinyl acetate. Int J Oral Sci 2012;4:14-8.
  • Padilla R, Dorney B. Prevention of oral injuries. J Calif Dent Assoc 1996;24:30-6.
  • American Dental Association Division of Science. For the dental patient. Keep sports safe--wear a mouthguard. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143:312.
  • Maeda Y, Kumamoto D, Yagi K, Ikebe K. Effectiveness and fabrication of mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25: 556 –64.
  • Geory JL, Kinirons MJ. Post thermoforming dimensional changes of ethylene vinly acetate used in custom-made mouthguards for trauma prevention - a pilot study. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:350-5.
  • Takahashi M, Koide K, Mizuhashi F. Difference in the thickness of mouthguards fabricated from step-type polyolefin-polystyrene copolymer sheets differently arranged v-shaped grooves. J Prosthodont. Res 2012; 56: 281-6.
  • Rossi GD, Lisman P, Leyte-Vidal MA. A preliminary report of structural changes to mouthguards during 1 season of high school football.J Athl Train 2007;42:47-50.
  • Westerman B, Stringfellow PM, Eccleston JA, Harbrow DJ. Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) closed cell foam on transmitted forces in mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med 2002;36:205-8.
  • Hersberger S, Krastl G, Kühl S, Filippi A. Dental injuries in water polo, a survey of players in Switzerland. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:287-90. Yazışma Adresi Dt. Günce SAYGI
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı İstanbul Tel: 0.212.4142020-30354 Faks no.: 0.212. 5250075 e-mail: dtgunce@yahoo.com

Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı

Year 2013, Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7, - , 01.07.2013

Abstract

Çeşitli spor aktiviteleri sonucu dental travmalar ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu travmalar ile oluşan sert ve yumuşak doku yaralanmaları bireyi hem maddi hem de manevi yönden etkilemektedir. Travmalarda oluşabilecek etkiyi en aza indirmek ve oluşabilecek yaralanmaları önlemek için ağız koruyucularından faydalanılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, ağız koruyucuların kullanım amaçları sıralanmış, avantaj ve dezavantajları bildirilmiştir. Ağız koruyucuların çeşitleri detaylarıyla belirtilmiş, günümüzde materyallerde yapılan değişiklikler açıklanmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ağız koruyucuların öneminin vurgulanması ve sporcular arasında ağız koruyucu kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasında diş hekimlerine düşen rolün vurgulanmasıdır.

References

  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Shintaro K, Nakajima K, Shimada A, Regner CW. The influence of impact object characteristics on impact force and force absorption by mouthguard material. Dent Traumato. 2004;20:12-20.
  • Gülcan Coşkun Akar. Mouthguards Used Against Sport Injuries. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2007; 28: 9-17. American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Guideline on management of acute dental trauma. Reference Manual 20112012; 33:220-8.
  • Yeşil Duymuş Z, Gungor H. Use of mouthguard rates among university athletes during sport activities in Erzurum, Turkey. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:318-22.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Ogawa T, Nakajima K, Shibusawa M, Shimada A, Regner CW. Are all mouthguards the same and safe to use? The influence of occlusal supporting mouthguards in decreasing bone distortion and fractures. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:150-6.
  • Keçeci AD. Kontakt sporlarda dental travmadan korunma. Egzersiz 2007, 1: 16-21.
  • Azodo CC, Odai CD, Osazuwa-Peters N, Obuekwe ON. A survey of orofacial injuries among basketball players. Int Dent J 2011;61:43-6.
  • Ma W. Basketball players' experience of dental injury and awareness about mouthguard in China. Dent Traumatol 2008 ;24: 430-4.
  • Bemelmanns P, Pfeiffer P. Shock absorption capacities of mouthguards in different types and thicknesses. Int J Sports Med 2001;22:149-53.
  • Perunski S, Lang B, Pohl Y, Filippi A. Level of information concerning dental injuries and their prevention in Swiss basketball--a survey among players and coaches. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 195-200.
  • Correa MB, Schuch HS, Collares K, Torriani DD, Hallal PC, Demarco FF. Survey on the occurrenceof dental trauma and preventive strategies among Brazilian professional soccer players. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:572-6.
  • Pribble JM, Maio RF, Freed GL. Parental perceptions regarding mandatory mouthguard use in competitive youth soccer. Inj Prev 2004; 10: 159Frontera RR, Zanin L, Ambrosano GM, Flório FM. Orofacial trauma in Brazilian basketball players and level of information concerning trauma and mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:208-16.
  • Newsome PRH, Tran DC, Cooke MS. The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports-related dental injuries: a review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001; 11: 396-404.
  • Duddy FA, Weissman J, Lee RA Sr, Paranjpe A, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. Influence of different types of mouthguards on strength and performance of collegiate athletes: a controlledrandomized trial. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:263-7.
  • Onyeaso CO, Adegbesan OA. Knowledge and attitudes of coaches of secondary school athletes in Ibadan, Nigeria regarding oro-facial injuries and mouthguard use by the athletes. Dent Traumatol 2003;19:204-8.
  • Andrade RA, Evans PL, Almeida AL, da Silva Jde J, Guedes AM, Guedes FR, Ranalli DN, Modesto A, Tinoco EM. Prevalence of dental trauma in Pan American games athletes. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26:248-53.
  • Lieger O, von Arx T. Orofacial/cerebral injuries and the use of mouthguards by professional athletes in Switzerland. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:1-6.
  • Handa J, Takeda T, Kurokawa K, Ozawa T, Nakajima K, Ishigami K. Influence of pre-laminated material on shock absorption ability in specially designed mouthguard with hard insert and space. J Prosthodont Res 2011;55:214-20.
  • Eroğlu E, Diljin KA, Lütfi BM. Elite tae kwon do athletes' satisfaction with custom-made mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:193-7.
  • Schildknecht S, Krastl G, Kühl S, Filippi A. Dental injury and its prevention in Swiss rugby. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:465-9.
  • Harris ON, Garcia-Godoy F, Nathe NC. Primary preventive dentistry. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River; NJ: 2009.387-94.
  • Lang B, Pohl Y, Filippi A. Knowledge and prevention of dental trauma in team handball in Switzerland and Germany. Dent Traumatol 2002; 18: 329-34.
  • Badel T, Jerolimov V, Panduric J. Dental/Orofacial trauma in contact sports and intraoral mouthguard programmes. Kinesiology 2007; 1: 97-105.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Handa J, Naitoh K, Kurokawa K, Shibusawa M, Nakajima K, Kawamura S. Does hard insertion and space improve shock absorption ability of mouthguard? Dent Traumatol 2006;22:77-82.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Mishima O, Karasawa K, Kurokawa K, Kajima T, Nakajima K. Easy fabrication of a new type of mouthguard incorporating a hard insert and space and offering improved shock absorption ability. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27:489-95.
  • Johnston T, Messer LB. An in vitro study of the efficacy of mouthguard protection for dentoalveolar injuries in deciduous and mixed dentitions. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12:277-85.
  • Labella CR, Smith BW, Sigurdsson A. Effect of mouthguards on dental injuries and concussions in college basketball. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2002;34:41-4.
  • McClelland C,Kinirons M, Geary L. A preliminary study of patient comfort associated with customised mouthguards. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33: 186–9.
  • Takeda T, Ishigami K, Jun H, Nakajima K, Shimada A, Ogawa T. The influence of the sensor type on the measured impact absorption of mouthguard material. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:29-35.
  • Westerman B, Stringfellow PM, Eccleston JA. Beneficial effects of air inclusionson the performance of ethylene vinly acetate (EVA) mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36: 51Mihalik JP, McCaffrey MA, Rivera EM, Pardini JE, Guskiewicz KM, Collins MW, Lovell MR. Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports-related cerebral concussion. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23:14
  • Tulunoglu I, Ozbek M. Oral trauma, mouthguard awareness, and use in two contact sports in Turkey. Dent Traumatol 2006;22(5):242-6.
  • Açıkgöz O. Ağız koruyucuları- Ağız yaralanmalarından korunma. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2001;11: 63-7.
  • Cohenca N, Roges RA, Roges R. The incidence and severity of dental trauma in intercollegiate athletes. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138:1121-6.
  • McCrory P. Do mouthguards prevent concussion? Br J Sports Med 2001;35:81-2.
  • Newsome P, Owen S, Reaney D. The dentist’s role in the prevention of sports-related oro-facial injuries. International Dentistry SA 2010;12;64-76.
  • Patrick DG, van Noort R, Found MS. Scale of protection and the various types of sports mouthguard. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:278-81.
  • Chapman PJ. Concussion in contact sports and importance of mouthguards in protection. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1985;17:2-27.
  • Hickey J, Morris A. The relation of mouth protectors to cranial pressure and deformation. J Am Dent Assoc 1967;74:735-40.
  • Meng FH, Schricker SR, Brantley WA, Mendel DA, Rashid RG, Fields HW Jr, Vig KW, Alapati SB. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated DSC study of three mouthguard materials. Dent Mater 2007; 23:1492
  • Bulsara YR, Matthew IR. Forces transmitted through a laminated mouthguard material with a Sorbothane insert. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 14:45Tiwari U,Mishra V, Bhalla A, Singh N, Jain SC, Garg H, Raviprakash S, Grewal N, Kapur P. Fiber Bragg grating sensor for measurement of impact absorption capability of mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:263-8.
  • Boffano P, Boffano M, Gallesio C, Roccia F, Cignetti R, Piana R. Rugby athletes’ awareness and compliance in the use of mouthguards in the North West of Italy. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:210-3.
  • Maeda Y, Yonehata Y, Satoh H. Mouthguard retention: Is design orraccuracy of fit more critical? Quintessence Int. 2009;40(5):e13-8.
  • Winters JE. Role of properly fitted mouthguards in prevention of sport-related concussion. J Athl Train 2001;36:339-41.
  • Gebauer DP, Williamson RA, Wallman KE, Dawson BT. The effect of mouthguard design on respiratory function in athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2011;21:95-100.
  • Deyoung A, Robinson E, Godwin W. Comparing comfort and wearability:custom-made vs.selfadapted mouthguards. J Am Dent Assoc 1994; 125: 112-7.
  • Mizuhashi F, Koide K, Takahashi M, Mizuhashi R. A method to maintain the thickness of the mouthguard after the vacuum forming process: changes of the holding conditions of the mouthguard sheet. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:291
  • Park J, Shaull K, Overton B, Donly K. Improving mouthguards. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:373-80.
  • Ogawa T, Yamasaki S, Honda M, Terao Y, Kawabata S, Maeda Y. Long-term survival of salivary streptococci on dental devices made of ethylene vinyl acetate. Int J Oral Sci 2012;4:14-8.
  • Padilla R, Dorney B. Prevention of oral injuries. J Calif Dent Assoc 1996;24:30-6.
  • American Dental Association Division of Science. For the dental patient. Keep sports safe--wear a mouthguard. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143:312.
  • Maeda Y, Kumamoto D, Yagi K, Ikebe K. Effectiveness and fabrication of mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25: 556 –64.
  • Geory JL, Kinirons MJ. Post thermoforming dimensional changes of ethylene vinly acetate used in custom-made mouthguards for trauma prevention - a pilot study. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:350-5.
  • Takahashi M, Koide K, Mizuhashi F. Difference in the thickness of mouthguards fabricated from step-type polyolefin-polystyrene copolymer sheets differently arranged v-shaped grooves. J Prosthodont. Res 2012; 56: 281-6.
  • Rossi GD, Lisman P, Leyte-Vidal MA. A preliminary report of structural changes to mouthguards during 1 season of high school football.J Athl Train 2007;42:47-50.
  • Westerman B, Stringfellow PM, Eccleston JA, Harbrow DJ. Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) closed cell foam on transmitted forces in mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med 2002;36:205-8.
  • Hersberger S, Krastl G, Kühl S, Filippi A. Dental injuries in water polo, a survey of players in Switzerland. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:287-90. Yazışma Adresi Dt. Günce SAYGI
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı İstanbul Tel: 0.212.4142020-30354 Faks no.: 0.212. 5250075 e-mail: dtgunce@yahoo.com
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Araş.gör.dr.murat Tiryaki This is me

Araş. Gör.dt.günçe Saygı This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7

Cite

APA Tiryaki, A., & Saygı, A. G. (2013). Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 23. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31457
AMA Tiryaki A, Saygı AG. Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. July 2013;23. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31457
Chicago Tiryaki, Araş.gör.dr.murat, and Araş. Gör.dt.günçe Saygı. “Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23, July (July 2013). https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31457.
EndNote Tiryaki A, Saygı AG (July 1, 2013) Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23
IEEE A. Tiryaki and A. G. Saygı, “Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 23, 2013, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.31457.
ISNAD Tiryaki, Araş.gör.dr.murat - Saygı, Araş. Gör.dt.günçe. “Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (July 2013). https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31457.
JAMA Tiryaki A, Saygı AG. Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31457.
MLA Tiryaki, Araş.gör.dr.murat and Araş. Gör.dt.günçe Saygı. “Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 23, 2013, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31457.
Vancouver Tiryaki A, Saygı AG. Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23.

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