FAILURE IN POST-CORE RESTORATIONS
Year 2006,
Volume: 2006 Issue: 2, 41 - 51, 01.02.2006
Yrd. Doç. Dr. İdil Dikbaş
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Temel Köksal
References
- Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT. Clinically significant factors in dowel design. J Prosthet Dent 1984; 52:
- Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90: 32.
- Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, Heitmann T. Stiffness, elastic limit, and strength of newer types of endodontic posts. J Dent 1999; 27: 275-8.
- Ferrari M, Scotti R. Fiber posts: Characteristics and clinical applications. Birinci bask , Masson S.p.A., Milano, Italy, 2002: 121-30.
- Mannocci F, Ferrari M, Watson TF. Intermittent loading of teeth restored using quartz fiber, carbon-quartz fiber, and zirconium dioxide ceramic root canal posts. J Adhesive Dent 1999; :153-8.
- Goodacre CJ, Kan JYK. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK. Endodontics. BC Decker Inc., Canada, 2002; 50.
- Ottl P, Lauer HC. Success rates for two different types of post-and-cores. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25: 8.
- Morgano SM, Rodrigues AHC, Sabrosa CE. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2004; 48: 397-416.
- Qualtrough AJE, Mannocci F. Tooth colored post systems: A review. Oper Dent 2003; 28: 86-91.
- Silness J, Gustavsen F, Hunsbeth J. Distribution of corrosion products in teeth restored with metal crowns retained by stainless steel posts. Acta Odontol Scand 1979; 37: 317-21.
- Torbjorner A, Karlsson S, Odman PA. Survival rate and failure characteristics for two post designs. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 73: 439-44.
- Turner CH. Post-retained crown failure: a survey. Dent Update 1982; 9: 193-202.
- Pitel ML, Hicks NL. Evolving technology in endodontic posts. Compendium 2003; 24: 13-29.
- Ferrari M, Vichi A, Mannocci F, Mason PN. Retrospective study of the clinical performance of fiber posts. Am J Dent 2000; 13 (Spec No): 9B- B.
- Ferrari M, Vichi A, Garcia-Godoy F. Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts and cast post and cores. Am J Dent 2000; 13: (Spec No): 15B-18B.
- Fredriksson M, Astback J, Pamenius M, Arvidson K. A retrospective study of 236 patients with teeth restored by carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 151-7.
- Glazer B. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth with carbon fiber posts- A prospective study. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66: 613-8.
- Malferrari S, Monaco C, Scotti R. Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber- reinforced epoxy resin posts. Int J Prosthodont ; 16: 39-44. Akkayan B, Gülmez T. Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 87: 7.
- Martinez-Insua A, Silva L, Rilo B, Santana U. Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon fiber post with a composite core. J Prosthet Dent ; 80: 527-32. Bolhuis P, de Gee A, Feilzer A. Influence of fatigue loading on four post-and-core systems in maxillary premolars. Quintessence Int 2004; 35: 67.
- Drummond JL, Bapna MS. Static and cyclic loading of fiber-reinforced dental resin. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 226-31.
- Purton DG, Love RM. Rigidity and retention of carbon fibre versus stainless steel root canal posts. Int Endod J 1996; 29: 262-5.
- Qualtrough AJ, Chandler NP, Purton DG. A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts.Quintessence Int 2003; 34; 199-201.
- Weine FS, Wax H, Wenckus CS. Retrospective study of tapered, smooth post systems in place for 10 years or more. J Endod 1991; 17: 293-7.
- Lewis R, Smith BG. A clinical survey of failed post retained crowns. Br Dent J 1998; 165: 95-7.
- Mentink AG, Meeuwissen R, Kayser AF, Mulder J. Survival rate and failure characteristics of the all metal post and core restoration. J Oral Rehabil ; 20: 455-461. Vire DE. Failure of endodontically treated: classification and evaluation. J Endod 1991; 17: 42.
- Bergman B, Lundquist P, Sjogren U, Sundquist G. Restorative and endodontic results after treatment with cast posts and cores. J Prosthet Dent 1989; 61: 10-5.
- Nanayakkara L, McDonald A, Setchell DJ. Retrospective analysis of factors affecting the longevity of post crowns. IADR Abstract No. 932. J Dent Res (special issue) 1999; 78: 222.
- Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: A literature review. J Endodon 2004; 30: 289-301.
- Fokkinga WA., Kreulen CM, Vallittu PK, Creugers NH. A structured analysis of in vitro failure loads and failure modes of fiber , metal and ceramic post-and-core systems. Int J Prosthodont 2004; : 476-82.
- Cormier CJ, Burns DR, Moon P. In vitro comparison of the fracture resistance and failure mode of fiber, ceramic, and conventional post systems at various stages of restorations. J Prosthodont 2001; 10: 26-36.
- Isador F, Brondum K, Ravnholt G. The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of bovine teeth with prefabricated titanium posts. Int J Prosthodont ; 12: 78-82. Pest B, Cavalli G, Bertani P, Gagliani M. Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dent Mater 2002; : 596-602.
- Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Collard EW, Pollack NH. Analysis of stress distribution by endodontic posts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972; 33: 60.
- Felton DA, Webb EL, Kanoy BE, Dugoni J. Threaded endodontic dowels: effect of post design on incidence of root fracture. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 65: 179-87.
- Johnson JK, Sakamura JS. Dowel form and tensile force. J Prosthet Dent 1978; 40: 645-9.
- Nergiz I, Schmage P, Ozcan M, Platzer U. Effect of length and diameter of tapered posts on the retention. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 28-34.
- Mannocci F, Bertelli E, Sherriff M, Watson TF, Ford TRP. Three-year clinical comparison of survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with either full cast coverage or with direct composite restoration. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88: 301.
- Rosentritt M, Furer C, Behr M, Lang R, Handel G. Comparison of in vitro fracture strength of metallic and tooth coloured posts and cores. J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27: 595-601.
- Maniatopolous C, Pilliar RM, Smith DC. Evaluation of shear strength at the cement endodontic post interface. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 59: 662-9.
- Richer JB, Lautenschlager EP, Greener EH. Mechanical properties of post and core systems. Dent Mater 1986; 2: 63-6.
- Tjan AHL, Whang SB. Retentive properties of some simplified dowel core-systems to cast gold dowel and core. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 203-6.
- Nergiz I, Schmage P, Platzer U, McMullan-Vogel CG. Effect of different surface textures on retentive strength of tapered posts. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78: 451-7.
- Robbins JW. Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth.Dent Clin North Am 2002;46:367
- Lacy AM. Adhesive restoration of a nonvital anterior tooth using a carbon-fiber post and all- porcelain crown. Pract Periodontics Aesthetic Dent ; 7: 1-9. Freedman G. The carbon fiber post: metal-free, post-endodontic rehabilitation. Oral Health 1996; ; 23-6.
- King PA, Setchell DJ. An in vitro evaluation of a prototype CFRC prefabricated post developed for the restoration of pulpless teeth. J Oral Rehabil ; 17: 599-609. Torbjorner A, Karlsson S, Syverud M, Hensten- Pettersen A. Carbon fiber reinforced root canal posts. Mechanical and cytotoxic properties. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104: 605-11.
- Assif D, Oren E, Marshak BL, Aviv I. Photoelastic analysis of stress transfer by endodontically treated teeth to the supporting structure using different restorative techniques. J Prosthet Dent ; 69: 36-40. Deutsch AS, Musikant BL, Cavallari J, Silverstein BA, Lepley J, Ohlen K, Lesser M. Root fracture during insertion of prefabricated posts related to root size. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 52: 786-9.
- Wise DM. Examination. In: Failure in the restored dentition: Management and treatment. 1. ed., Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., London, UK, : 43-119. Zinman EJ. Endodontic records and legal responsibilities. In: Pathways of the pulp. Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. 9. ed., Mosby,St. Louis, 2006: 60.
- Wagnild G, Mueller K. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Pathways of the pulp. Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. 9. ed., Mosby, St. Louis, 2006: 786-822.
- Main C, Mirzayan N, Shabahang S, Torabinejad M. Repair of root perforations using mineral trioxide aggregate: a long term study. J Endodon 2004; : 80-3.
- Tanalp J, Dikbas I, Delilba Ç, Bay rl G, Çal kkocao-lu S. Persistent sinus tract formation one year following cast post-core replacement: a case report. Quintessence Int 2006; 37: 545-50.
- Shillinburg HT, Hobo S, Whittsett LD, Jacobi R, Brackett SE. Preparations for extensively damaged teeth. In: Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics. 3rd ed., Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 1997; 181-209.
- Smukler H, Chaibi M. Periodontal and dental considerations in clinical crown extension: a rationale basis of treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1997; 17: 464-77.
- Kocadereli I, Tasman F, Guner SB. Combined endodontic-orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of fractured teeth: case report. Austr Dent J 1998; 43: 28-31.
- Heydecke G, Budtz F, Strub JR. Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in vitro study. J Dent 2001; 29: 427-33.
- Freeman MA, Nicholls JI, Kydd WL, Harrington GW. Leakage associated with load fatigue-induced preliminary failure of full crowns placed over three different post and core systems. J Endod 1998; : 26-32.
- Heling I,Gorfil C, Slutzky H, Kopolovic K, Zalkind M, Slutzky-Goldberg I. Endodontic failure caused by inadequate restorative procedures: Review and treatment recommendations. J Prosthet Dent ; 87: 674-8. Swanson K, Madison S. An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. Part I. Time periods. J Endod 1987; 13: 56-59.
- Alves J, Walton R, Drake D. Coronal leakage: endotoxin penetration from mixed bacterial communities through obturated, post-prepared root canals. J Endod 1998; 24: 587-591.
- Christensen G: Posts and cores: State of art. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129: 96-7.
- Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT. Endodontically treated teeth as abutments. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 6.
- Kane JJ, Burgess JO. Modification of the resistance form of amalgam coronal-radiculer restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 65: 470-4.
- Robbins JW, Burgess JO, Summitt JB. Retention and resistance features for complex amalgam restorations. J Am Dent Assoc 1989; 118: 437-42.
- Baratieri LN, Calderia de Androda MA, Arcar GM, Ritter AV. Influence of post placement in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated incisors with direct composite. J Prosthet Dent ; 84: 180-4. Robbins JW. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Summitt JB, Robbins JW, Hilton TJ, Schwartz RS. Fundamentals of operative dentistry. 3. ed., Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., Chicago, 2006; 571–90.
- Gluskin AH, Radke RA, Frost SL, Watanabe LG. The mandibular incisor: rethinking guidelines for post and core design. J Endod 1995; 21: 33-7.
- Raiden G, Costa L, Koss S, Hernandez JL, Acenolaza V. Residual thickness of root in first maxillary promolars with post space preparation. J Endod 1999; 25: 502-5.
- Yaman P, Zillich R. Effect of root curvature on post length in restoration of endodontically treated premolars. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985; : 135-7.
- Junge T, Nicholls JI, Phillips KM, Libman WJ. Load fatigue of compromised teeth: a comparison of 3 luting cements. Int J Prosthodont 1998; 11: 558
- Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Hanson EC. Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length diameter and design. J Prosthet Dent ; 39: 401-5. Neagley RL, The effect of dowel preparation on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 28: 739-45.
- Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. J Endod ; 27: 46-8. Mattison GD. Photoelastic stress analysis of cast- gold endodontic posts. J Prosthet Dent 1982; 48:
- Abramovitz L, Lev R, Fuss Z, Metzger Z. The unpredictability of seal after post space preparation: a fluid transport study. J Endod ; 27: 292-5. Mattison GD, Delivanis PD, Thacker RW Jr, Hassell KJ. Effect of post preparation on the apical seal. J Prosthet Dent 1984; 51: 785-9.
- Madison S, Zakariasen KL. Linear and volumetric analysis of apical leakage in teeth prepared for posts. J Endod 1984; 10: 422-7.
- Hussey DL, Biagioni PA, McCullagh JJ, Lamey PJ. Thermographic assessment of heat generated on the root surface during post space preparation. Int Endod J 1997; 30: 187-90.
- Fox K, Gutteridge DL. An in vitro study of coronal microleakage in root canal treated teeth restored by the post and core technique. Int Endod J ; 30: 361-8. Anusavice KJ. Phillips’ science of dental material. ed., WB Saunders, St. Louis, 2003: 451.
- Matsuya S, Maeda T, Ohta M. IR and NMR analyses of hardening and maturation of glass ionomer cement. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 1920-7.
- Morgano SM, Brackett SE. Foundation restorations in fixed prosthodontics: current knowledge and future needs. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 82: 643-57.
- Irie M, Nakai H. Flexural properties and swelling after storage in water of polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). Dent Mater J 1998; : 77-82.
- Nissan J, Dmitri Y, Assif D. The use of reinforced composite resin cement as compensation for reduced post length. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 86: 8.
- Bachicha WS, DiFiore PM, Miller DA, Lautenschlager EP, Pashley DH. Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts. J Endod 1998; 24: 703-8.
- Mannocci F, Ferrari M, Watson TF. Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber posts and composite cores after cyclic loading: a confocal microscopic study. J Prosthet Dent 2001; : 284-91.
- Mayhew JT,Windchy AM, Goldsmith LJ, Gettleman L. Effect of root canal sealers and irrigation agents on retention preformed posts luted with a resin cement. J Endod 2000; 26: 341-4.
- Yaz ma Adresi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. +dil D+KBA' Yeditepe Üniversitesi Di Hekimli-i Fakültesi, Protetik Di Tedavisi Anabilim Dal , Ba-dat Caddesi, No: 238, Göztepe, 34728, +stanbul. Tel: 0216-363 60 44 Faks: 0216-363 62 11
POST-KOR UYGULAMALARINDA BAŞARISIZLIKLAR
Year 2006,
Volume: 2006 Issue: 2, 41 - 51, 01.02.2006
Yrd. Doç. Dr. İdil Dikbaş
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Temel Köksal
Abstract
A r madde kayb na u-ram endodontik tedavili di lerde, restorasyona tutuculuk sa-lamak amac yla post-kor sistemlerinden biri kullan lmaktad r. Bu makalede geni bir literatür taramas yap larak, postkor uygulamalar nda kar la lan ba ar s zl k tiplerinden söz edilmi tir. Ba ar da rol oynayan en önemli etken do-ru endikasyonun konulmas ve uygulamada ana prensiplerin takip edilmesidir. Henüz uzun takip sonuçlar olmamas na ra-men, ba ar s zl - n tipi, telafi edilebilirli-i ve s kl - bak m ndan en uygun olan post tipinin fiber destekli postlar oldu-u görülmektedir
References
- Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT. Clinically significant factors in dowel design. J Prosthet Dent 1984; 52:
- Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90: 32.
- Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, Heitmann T. Stiffness, elastic limit, and strength of newer types of endodontic posts. J Dent 1999; 27: 275-8.
- Ferrari M, Scotti R. Fiber posts: Characteristics and clinical applications. Birinci bask , Masson S.p.A., Milano, Italy, 2002: 121-30.
- Mannocci F, Ferrari M, Watson TF. Intermittent loading of teeth restored using quartz fiber, carbon-quartz fiber, and zirconium dioxide ceramic root canal posts. J Adhesive Dent 1999; :153-8.
- Goodacre CJ, Kan JYK. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK. Endodontics. BC Decker Inc., Canada, 2002; 50.
- Ottl P, Lauer HC. Success rates for two different types of post-and-cores. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25: 8.
- Morgano SM, Rodrigues AHC, Sabrosa CE. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2004; 48: 397-416.
- Qualtrough AJE, Mannocci F. Tooth colored post systems: A review. Oper Dent 2003; 28: 86-91.
- Silness J, Gustavsen F, Hunsbeth J. Distribution of corrosion products in teeth restored with metal crowns retained by stainless steel posts. Acta Odontol Scand 1979; 37: 317-21.
- Torbjorner A, Karlsson S, Odman PA. Survival rate and failure characteristics for two post designs. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 73: 439-44.
- Turner CH. Post-retained crown failure: a survey. Dent Update 1982; 9: 193-202.
- Pitel ML, Hicks NL. Evolving technology in endodontic posts. Compendium 2003; 24: 13-29.
- Ferrari M, Vichi A, Mannocci F, Mason PN. Retrospective study of the clinical performance of fiber posts. Am J Dent 2000; 13 (Spec No): 9B- B.
- Ferrari M, Vichi A, Garcia-Godoy F. Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts and cast post and cores. Am J Dent 2000; 13: (Spec No): 15B-18B.
- Fredriksson M, Astback J, Pamenius M, Arvidson K. A retrospective study of 236 patients with teeth restored by carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80: 151-7.
- Glazer B. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth with carbon fiber posts- A prospective study. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66: 613-8.
- Malferrari S, Monaco C, Scotti R. Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber- reinforced epoxy resin posts. Int J Prosthodont ; 16: 39-44. Akkayan B, Gülmez T. Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 87: 7.
- Martinez-Insua A, Silva L, Rilo B, Santana U. Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon fiber post with a composite core. J Prosthet Dent ; 80: 527-32. Bolhuis P, de Gee A, Feilzer A. Influence of fatigue loading on four post-and-core systems in maxillary premolars. Quintessence Int 2004; 35: 67.
- Drummond JL, Bapna MS. Static and cyclic loading of fiber-reinforced dental resin. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 226-31.
- Purton DG, Love RM. Rigidity and retention of carbon fibre versus stainless steel root canal posts. Int Endod J 1996; 29: 262-5.
- Qualtrough AJ, Chandler NP, Purton DG. A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts.Quintessence Int 2003; 34; 199-201.
- Weine FS, Wax H, Wenckus CS. Retrospective study of tapered, smooth post systems in place for 10 years or more. J Endod 1991; 17: 293-7.
- Lewis R, Smith BG. A clinical survey of failed post retained crowns. Br Dent J 1998; 165: 95-7.
- Mentink AG, Meeuwissen R, Kayser AF, Mulder J. Survival rate and failure characteristics of the all metal post and core restoration. J Oral Rehabil ; 20: 455-461. Vire DE. Failure of endodontically treated: classification and evaluation. J Endod 1991; 17: 42.
- Bergman B, Lundquist P, Sjogren U, Sundquist G. Restorative and endodontic results after treatment with cast posts and cores. J Prosthet Dent 1989; 61: 10-5.
- Nanayakkara L, McDonald A, Setchell DJ. Retrospective analysis of factors affecting the longevity of post crowns. IADR Abstract No. 932. J Dent Res (special issue) 1999; 78: 222.
- Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: A literature review. J Endodon 2004; 30: 289-301.
- Fokkinga WA., Kreulen CM, Vallittu PK, Creugers NH. A structured analysis of in vitro failure loads and failure modes of fiber , metal and ceramic post-and-core systems. Int J Prosthodont 2004; : 476-82.
- Cormier CJ, Burns DR, Moon P. In vitro comparison of the fracture resistance and failure mode of fiber, ceramic, and conventional post systems at various stages of restorations. J Prosthodont 2001; 10: 26-36.
- Isador F, Brondum K, Ravnholt G. The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of bovine teeth with prefabricated titanium posts. Int J Prosthodont ; 12: 78-82. Pest B, Cavalli G, Bertani P, Gagliani M. Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dent Mater 2002; : 596-602.
- Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Collard EW, Pollack NH. Analysis of stress distribution by endodontic posts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972; 33: 60.
- Felton DA, Webb EL, Kanoy BE, Dugoni J. Threaded endodontic dowels: effect of post design on incidence of root fracture. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 65: 179-87.
- Johnson JK, Sakamura JS. Dowel form and tensile force. J Prosthet Dent 1978; 40: 645-9.
- Nergiz I, Schmage P, Ozcan M, Platzer U. Effect of length and diameter of tapered posts on the retention. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 28-34.
- Mannocci F, Bertelli E, Sherriff M, Watson TF, Ford TRP. Three-year clinical comparison of survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with either full cast coverage or with direct composite restoration. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88: 301.
- Rosentritt M, Furer C, Behr M, Lang R, Handel G. Comparison of in vitro fracture strength of metallic and tooth coloured posts and cores. J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27: 595-601.
- Maniatopolous C, Pilliar RM, Smith DC. Evaluation of shear strength at the cement endodontic post interface. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 59: 662-9.
- Richer JB, Lautenschlager EP, Greener EH. Mechanical properties of post and core systems. Dent Mater 1986; 2: 63-6.
- Tjan AHL, Whang SB. Retentive properties of some simplified dowel core-systems to cast gold dowel and core. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 203-6.
- Nergiz I, Schmage P, Platzer U, McMullan-Vogel CG. Effect of different surface textures on retentive strength of tapered posts. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78: 451-7.
- Robbins JW. Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth.Dent Clin North Am 2002;46:367
- Lacy AM. Adhesive restoration of a nonvital anterior tooth using a carbon-fiber post and all- porcelain crown. Pract Periodontics Aesthetic Dent ; 7: 1-9. Freedman G. The carbon fiber post: metal-free, post-endodontic rehabilitation. Oral Health 1996; ; 23-6.
- King PA, Setchell DJ. An in vitro evaluation of a prototype CFRC prefabricated post developed for the restoration of pulpless teeth. J Oral Rehabil ; 17: 599-609. Torbjorner A, Karlsson S, Syverud M, Hensten- Pettersen A. Carbon fiber reinforced root canal posts. Mechanical and cytotoxic properties. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104: 605-11.
- Assif D, Oren E, Marshak BL, Aviv I. Photoelastic analysis of stress transfer by endodontically treated teeth to the supporting structure using different restorative techniques. J Prosthet Dent ; 69: 36-40. Deutsch AS, Musikant BL, Cavallari J, Silverstein BA, Lepley J, Ohlen K, Lesser M. Root fracture during insertion of prefabricated posts related to root size. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 52: 786-9.
- Wise DM. Examination. In: Failure in the restored dentition: Management and treatment. 1. ed., Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., London, UK, : 43-119. Zinman EJ. Endodontic records and legal responsibilities. In: Pathways of the pulp. Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. 9. ed., Mosby,St. Louis, 2006: 60.
- Wagnild G, Mueller K. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Pathways of the pulp. Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. 9. ed., Mosby, St. Louis, 2006: 786-822.
- Main C, Mirzayan N, Shabahang S, Torabinejad M. Repair of root perforations using mineral trioxide aggregate: a long term study. J Endodon 2004; : 80-3.
- Tanalp J, Dikbas I, Delilba Ç, Bay rl G, Çal kkocao-lu S. Persistent sinus tract formation one year following cast post-core replacement: a case report. Quintessence Int 2006; 37: 545-50.
- Shillinburg HT, Hobo S, Whittsett LD, Jacobi R, Brackett SE. Preparations for extensively damaged teeth. In: Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics. 3rd ed., Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 1997; 181-209.
- Smukler H, Chaibi M. Periodontal and dental considerations in clinical crown extension: a rationale basis of treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1997; 17: 464-77.
- Kocadereli I, Tasman F, Guner SB. Combined endodontic-orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of fractured teeth: case report. Austr Dent J 1998; 43: 28-31.
- Heydecke G, Budtz F, Strub JR. Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in vitro study. J Dent 2001; 29: 427-33.
- Freeman MA, Nicholls JI, Kydd WL, Harrington GW. Leakage associated with load fatigue-induced preliminary failure of full crowns placed over three different post and core systems. J Endod 1998; : 26-32.
- Heling I,Gorfil C, Slutzky H, Kopolovic K, Zalkind M, Slutzky-Goldberg I. Endodontic failure caused by inadequate restorative procedures: Review and treatment recommendations. J Prosthet Dent ; 87: 674-8. Swanson K, Madison S. An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. Part I. Time periods. J Endod 1987; 13: 56-59.
- Alves J, Walton R, Drake D. Coronal leakage: endotoxin penetration from mixed bacterial communities through obturated, post-prepared root canals. J Endod 1998; 24: 587-591.
- Christensen G: Posts and cores: State of art. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129: 96-7.
- Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT. Endodontically treated teeth as abutments. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 6.
- Kane JJ, Burgess JO. Modification of the resistance form of amalgam coronal-radiculer restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 65: 470-4.
- Robbins JW, Burgess JO, Summitt JB. Retention and resistance features for complex amalgam restorations. J Am Dent Assoc 1989; 118: 437-42.
- Baratieri LN, Calderia de Androda MA, Arcar GM, Ritter AV. Influence of post placement in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated incisors with direct composite. J Prosthet Dent ; 84: 180-4. Robbins JW. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. In: Summitt JB, Robbins JW, Hilton TJ, Schwartz RS. Fundamentals of operative dentistry. 3. ed., Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., Chicago, 2006; 571–90.
- Gluskin AH, Radke RA, Frost SL, Watanabe LG. The mandibular incisor: rethinking guidelines for post and core design. J Endod 1995; 21: 33-7.
- Raiden G, Costa L, Koss S, Hernandez JL, Acenolaza V. Residual thickness of root in first maxillary promolars with post space preparation. J Endod 1999; 25: 502-5.
- Yaman P, Zillich R. Effect of root curvature on post length in restoration of endodontically treated premolars. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985; : 135-7.
- Junge T, Nicholls JI, Phillips KM, Libman WJ. Load fatigue of compromised teeth: a comparison of 3 luting cements. Int J Prosthodont 1998; 11: 558
- Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Hanson EC. Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length diameter and design. J Prosthet Dent ; 39: 401-5. Neagley RL, The effect of dowel preparation on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 28: 739-45.
- Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. J Endod ; 27: 46-8. Mattison GD. Photoelastic stress analysis of cast- gold endodontic posts. J Prosthet Dent 1982; 48:
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