Review
BibTex RIS Cite

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8, 89 - 97, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.39339

Abstract

The diagnosis of secondary caries is the main reason for replacement of all types of restorations in primary and permanent teeth. Biofilm formation on dental restorative materials plays an important role in the development of secondary caries content with many numerous cariogenic bacteria. In this review; the effects of different restorative materials on dental biofilm formation are examined by parameters like surface roughness, surface free energy, surface hardness, antibacterial properties of restorative materials and the percentage of biofilm, biofilm thickness, the percentage of viability bacteria in biofilm on surface of the materials and salivary proteins. Surface roughness is thought to be the most important factor in determining the amount of accumulation of plaque. Nowadays, restorative materials which inhibit the formation of plaque are known to be used widespread. Preventing the formation of dental biofilm in the light of the researches on this subject is thought to increase success on the therapy of the materials. More studies are required about dental restorative materials need to be conducted against all of the cariogenic microorganisms in the biofilm and the charactheristic properties of the surface of these restorative materials

References

  • Ebi N, Imazato S, Noiri Y, Ebisu S. Inhibitory effects of resin composite containing bactericide- immobilized filler on plaque accumulation. Dent Mater 2001;17:485-91
  • Neutschil L, Reich E, Unteregger G, Sculean A, Brecx M. A pilot study of confocal laser scanning microscopy for the assessment of undisturbed dantal plaque vitality and topography. Arch Oral Biol 1998;43:277-85
  • Shani S, Friedman M, Steinberg D. The anticariogenic effect of amine fluorides on streptococcus sobrinus and glucosyltransferase in biofilms. Caries Res 2000;34:260-7.
  • Auschill TM, Artweiller NB, Brecx M, Reich E, Sculean A, Netuschil L. The effect of dental restorative materials on dental biofilm. Eur J Oral Sci 2002;110:48-53
  • Beighton D. The complex oral microflora of high- risk individuals and groups and its role in the caries process. 2005;33:248–55. Oral Epidemiol
  • Hannig M, Kriener L, Hoth-Hannig W, Becker- Schmidt Willinger nanocomposite surface coating on biofilm formation in situ. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007;7:4642–8 H. Influence of
  • Carlen A, Nikdel K, Wennerberg A, Holmberg K, Olsson J. Surface characteristics and in vitro biofilm formation on glass ionomer and composite resin. Biomaterials 2001;22:481-7
  • Montanaro L, Campoccia D, Rizzi S, Donati ME, Breschi L, Prati C, Arciola CR. Evaluation of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on dental 2004;25:4457-63 materials. Biomaterials
  • Larson TD. Why do we polish? Part one. Northwest Dent 2011;90:17-22
  • Dezelic T, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Multi- species biofilm formation on dental materials and an adhesive patch. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009;7:47-53
  • Steinberg D, Mor C, Dogan H, et al. Effect of salivary biofilm on the adherence of oral bacteria to bleached and non-bleached restorative material. Dental Materials 1999;15:14-20
  • Hahn R, Weiger R, Netuschil L, et al. Microbial accumulation and vitality on differrent restorative materials. Dent Mater 1993;9:312-6
  • Steinberg D, Eyal S. Early formation of streptococcus sobrinus biofilm on various dental restorative materials. J Dent 2002;30:47-51
  • Rüttermann S, Bergmann N, Beikler T, Raab WH.- M, Janda R. Bacterial viability on surface-modified resin-based dental restorative materials. Archives of Oral Biology 2012;57:1512–21
  • Wood SR, Kirkham J, Marsh PD, et al. Architecture of intact natural human plaque biofilms studied by confocal laser scanning microscoby. J Dent Res 2000; 79:21-7
  • Zaura-Arite E, van Marle J, ten Cate JM. Confocal microscopy study chlorhexidine-treated dental biofilm. J Dent Res of 2001;80:1436-40 undisturbed and
  • Kawai K, Urano M. Adherence of plaque components to different restorative materials. Oper Dent 2001;26:396-400
  • Ikeda M, Matin K, Nikaido T, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Effect of surface characteristics on adherence of S. mutans biofilms to indirect resin composites. Dent Mater J 2007;26:915-23
  • Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:221-7
  • van Dijken JW, Kalfas S, Litra V, Oliveby A. Fluoride and mutans streptococci levels in plaque on aged restorations of resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and resin composite. Caries Res 1997;31:379–83
  • Pereira-Cenci T, Cenci MS, Fedorowicz Z, Marchesan MA.Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;8(3):CD007819
  • Gyo M, Nikaido T, Okada K, Yamauchi J, Tagami J, Matin K. Surface response of fluorine polymer- incorporated resin composites to cariogenic biofilm adherence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008;74:1428– 35
  • Knorr SD, Combe EC, Wolff LF, Hodges JS. The surface free energy of dental gold-based materials. Dent Mater 2005;21:272–7
  • Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Burgers R. Influence of saliva substitute films on initial Streptococcus mutans adhesion to enamel and dental substrata. J Dent 2008;36:977–83
  • Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Burgers R. Surface characterization of dental ceramics and initial streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Dent Mater 2009;25:969–75 26. Brambilla E, Gagliani M, Ionescu A, Fadini L, García-Godoy time on the bacterial colonization of resin composite surfaces. Dent Mater 2009;25:1067-72
  • Quirynen M. The clinical meaning of the surface roughness and the surface free energy of intra-oral hard substrata on the microbiology of the supra- and subgingival plaque: results of in vitro and vivo experiments. J Dent 1994;22:13–6
  • İlday NÖ, Erdem V, Bayındır YZ. Farklı bitirme ve parlatma işlemlerinin üç farklı resin materyalin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2008;18:19-24
  • Busscher HJ, Rinastiti M, Siswomihardjo W, van der Mei HC. Biofilm formation on dental restorative and implant materials. J Dent Res 2010;89:657-65
  • Sousa RP, Zanin IC, Lima JP, Vasconcelos SM, Melo MA, Beltrão HC, Rodrigues LK. In situ effects of restorative materials on dental biofilm and enamel demineralisation. J Dent 2009;37:44-51
  • Moura JS, Lima EM, Paes Leme AF, Del Bel Cury AA, Tabchoury CP, Cury JA. Effect of luting cement on dental biofilm composition and secondary caries around metallic restorations in situ. Oper Dent 2004;29:509–14
  • Oilo G. Biodegradation of dental composites/glass ionomer cements. Adv Dent Res 1992;33:50-54
  • Shahal Y, Steinberg D, Hırschfeld Z, et al. In vitro bacterial adherence onto pellicle-coated aesthetic restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil 1998;25:52-8.
  • Boeckh C, Schumacher E, Podbielski A, Haller B. Antibacterial activity of restorative dental biomaterials in vitro. Caries Res 2002;36:101-107 35. Beyth N, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. An in vitro
  • quantitative antibacterial analysis of amalgam and
  • composite resins. J Dent2007;35:201–6
  • Daneshmehr L, Matin K, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Effects of root dentin surface coating with all-in- one adhesive materials on biofilm adherence. J Dent 2008;36:33-41
  • Brambilla E, Cagetti MG, Gagliani M, Fadini L, Garcia-Godoy F, Strohmenger L. Influence of different adhesive restorative materials on mutans streptococci colonization. Am J Dent 2005;18:173– 6
  • Li F, Chen J, Chai Z, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Fang M, Ma S. Effects of a dental adhesive incorporating antibacterial monomer on the growth, adherence and membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans. J Dent 2009;37:289–96
  • Melo MA, Cheng L, Weir MD, Hsia RC, Rodrigues LK, Xu HH. Novel dental adhesive containing antibacterial agents and calcium phosphate nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 Dec 20. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.32864
  • de Carvalho FG, Puppin-Rontani RM, de Fşcio SB, Negrini Tde C, Carlo HL, Garcia-Godoy F. Analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy of the MDPB bactericidal effect on S. mutans biofilm CLSM analysis of MDPB bactericidal effect on biofilm. J Appl Oral Sci 2012;20:568-575
  • Zalkind MM, Keisar O, Ever-Hadani P, Grinberg R, Sela MN. Accumulation of streptococcus mutans on light-cured composites and amalgam: an in vitro study. J Esthet Dent 1998;10:187-90
  • Barbosa RP, Pereira-Cenci T, Silva WM, Coelho-de- Souza FH, Demarco FF, Cenci MS. Effect of cariogenic biofilm challenge on the surface hardness of direct restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2012;40:359-63
  • Suljak JP, Reid G, Wood SM, McConnell RJ, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Bacterial adhesion to dental amalgam and three resin composites. J Dent 1995;23:171-6
  • Auschill TM, Artweiler NB, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Reich E, Sculean A. Spatial distribution of vital and dead microorganisms in dental biofilms. Archives of Oral Biology 2001;46:471-6.
  • Melo MA, Cheng L, Zhang K, Weir MD, Rodrigues LK, Xu HH. Novel dental adhesives containing nanoparticles of silver and amorphous calcium phosphate. Dent Mater 2013;29:199-210
  • Rolland SL, McCabe JF, Robinson C, Walls AW. In vitro biofilm formation on the surface of resin- based dentine adhesives. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:243-9
  • Hansel C, Leyhausen G, Mai UE, Geurtsen W. Effects of various resin composite (co)monomers and extracts on two caries-associated micro- organisms in vitro. J Dent Res 1998;77:60-67
  • Baca P, Furtado-Antunes de Freitas M, Ferrer- Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Arias-Moliz MT. In vitro Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on five adhesive systems. Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal 2012;17:501-5

RESTORATİF MATERYALLERİN DENTAL BİYOFİLM ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8, 89 - 97, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.39339

Abstract

Süt ve sürekli dişlerdeki restorasyon tiplerinin değiştirilmesinin başlıca nedeni teşhis edilen sekonder çürüklerdir. Restoratif materyallerde dental biyofilm oluşumu, çok sayıda karyojenik bakteri içeriğiyle sekonder çürüklerin gelişiminde önemli rol oynar. Bu makalede restoratif materyallerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü, serbest yüzey enerjisi, yüzey sertliği, antibakteriyel özelliği; materyal yüzeyindeki biyofilm yüzdesi, biyofilm kalınlığı ve biyofilmdeki bakterilerin canlılık yüzdesi, tükürük proteinleri parametreleri ile farklı restoratif materyallerin dental biyofilm üzerine etkileri incelenmektedir. Yüzey pürüzlülüğünün plak birikim miktarını belirlemede en önemli faktör olduğu düşünülmektedir. Günümüzde plak oluşumunu inhibe eden restoratif materyallerin kullanımının yaygınlaştığı bilinmektedir. Bu konuda yapılacak olan araştırmalar ışığında dental biyofilm oluşumunu engellemek, materyalin tedavi başarısını arttırılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Biyofilmdeki farklı karyojenik mikroorganizmalara karşı davranış gösterecek restoratif materyaller ve bu restoratif materyallerin yüzey karakteristik özellikleriyle ilgili daha fazla araştırma gerekmektedir.

References

  • Ebi N, Imazato S, Noiri Y, Ebisu S. Inhibitory effects of resin composite containing bactericide- immobilized filler on plaque accumulation. Dent Mater 2001;17:485-91
  • Neutschil L, Reich E, Unteregger G, Sculean A, Brecx M. A pilot study of confocal laser scanning microscopy for the assessment of undisturbed dantal plaque vitality and topography. Arch Oral Biol 1998;43:277-85
  • Shani S, Friedman M, Steinberg D. The anticariogenic effect of amine fluorides on streptococcus sobrinus and glucosyltransferase in biofilms. Caries Res 2000;34:260-7.
  • Auschill TM, Artweiller NB, Brecx M, Reich E, Sculean A, Netuschil L. The effect of dental restorative materials on dental biofilm. Eur J Oral Sci 2002;110:48-53
  • Beighton D. The complex oral microflora of high- risk individuals and groups and its role in the caries process. 2005;33:248–55. Oral Epidemiol
  • Hannig M, Kriener L, Hoth-Hannig W, Becker- Schmidt Willinger nanocomposite surface coating on biofilm formation in situ. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007;7:4642–8 H. Influence of
  • Carlen A, Nikdel K, Wennerberg A, Holmberg K, Olsson J. Surface characteristics and in vitro biofilm formation on glass ionomer and composite resin. Biomaterials 2001;22:481-7
  • Montanaro L, Campoccia D, Rizzi S, Donati ME, Breschi L, Prati C, Arciola CR. Evaluation of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on dental 2004;25:4457-63 materials. Biomaterials
  • Larson TD. Why do we polish? Part one. Northwest Dent 2011;90:17-22
  • Dezelic T, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Multi- species biofilm formation on dental materials and an adhesive patch. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009;7:47-53
  • Steinberg D, Mor C, Dogan H, et al. Effect of salivary biofilm on the adherence of oral bacteria to bleached and non-bleached restorative material. Dental Materials 1999;15:14-20
  • Hahn R, Weiger R, Netuschil L, et al. Microbial accumulation and vitality on differrent restorative materials. Dent Mater 1993;9:312-6
  • Steinberg D, Eyal S. Early formation of streptococcus sobrinus biofilm on various dental restorative materials. J Dent 2002;30:47-51
  • Rüttermann S, Bergmann N, Beikler T, Raab WH.- M, Janda R. Bacterial viability on surface-modified resin-based dental restorative materials. Archives of Oral Biology 2012;57:1512–21
  • Wood SR, Kirkham J, Marsh PD, et al. Architecture of intact natural human plaque biofilms studied by confocal laser scanning microscoby. J Dent Res 2000; 79:21-7
  • Zaura-Arite E, van Marle J, ten Cate JM. Confocal microscopy study chlorhexidine-treated dental biofilm. J Dent Res of 2001;80:1436-40 undisturbed and
  • Kawai K, Urano M. Adherence of plaque components to different restorative materials. Oper Dent 2001;26:396-400
  • Ikeda M, Matin K, Nikaido T, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Effect of surface characteristics on adherence of S. mutans biofilms to indirect resin composites. Dent Mater J 2007;26:915-23
  • Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:221-7
  • van Dijken JW, Kalfas S, Litra V, Oliveby A. Fluoride and mutans streptococci levels in plaque on aged restorations of resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and resin composite. Caries Res 1997;31:379–83
  • Pereira-Cenci T, Cenci MS, Fedorowicz Z, Marchesan MA.Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;8(3):CD007819
  • Gyo M, Nikaido T, Okada K, Yamauchi J, Tagami J, Matin K. Surface response of fluorine polymer- incorporated resin composites to cariogenic biofilm adherence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008;74:1428– 35
  • Knorr SD, Combe EC, Wolff LF, Hodges JS. The surface free energy of dental gold-based materials. Dent Mater 2005;21:272–7
  • Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Burgers R. Influence of saliva substitute films on initial Streptococcus mutans adhesion to enamel and dental substrata. J Dent 2008;36:977–83
  • Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Burgers R. Surface characterization of dental ceramics and initial streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Dent Mater 2009;25:969–75 26. Brambilla E, Gagliani M, Ionescu A, Fadini L, García-Godoy time on the bacterial colonization of resin composite surfaces. Dent Mater 2009;25:1067-72
  • Quirynen M. The clinical meaning of the surface roughness and the surface free energy of intra-oral hard substrata on the microbiology of the supra- and subgingival plaque: results of in vitro and vivo experiments. J Dent 1994;22:13–6
  • İlday NÖ, Erdem V, Bayındır YZ. Farklı bitirme ve parlatma işlemlerinin üç farklı resin materyalin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2008;18:19-24
  • Busscher HJ, Rinastiti M, Siswomihardjo W, van der Mei HC. Biofilm formation on dental restorative and implant materials. J Dent Res 2010;89:657-65
  • Sousa RP, Zanin IC, Lima JP, Vasconcelos SM, Melo MA, Beltrão HC, Rodrigues LK. In situ effects of restorative materials on dental biofilm and enamel demineralisation. J Dent 2009;37:44-51
  • Moura JS, Lima EM, Paes Leme AF, Del Bel Cury AA, Tabchoury CP, Cury JA. Effect of luting cement on dental biofilm composition and secondary caries around metallic restorations in situ. Oper Dent 2004;29:509–14
  • Oilo G. Biodegradation of dental composites/glass ionomer cements. Adv Dent Res 1992;33:50-54
  • Shahal Y, Steinberg D, Hırschfeld Z, et al. In vitro bacterial adherence onto pellicle-coated aesthetic restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil 1998;25:52-8.
  • Boeckh C, Schumacher E, Podbielski A, Haller B. Antibacterial activity of restorative dental biomaterials in vitro. Caries Res 2002;36:101-107 35. Beyth N, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. An in vitro
  • quantitative antibacterial analysis of amalgam and
  • composite resins. J Dent2007;35:201–6
  • Daneshmehr L, Matin K, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Effects of root dentin surface coating with all-in- one adhesive materials on biofilm adherence. J Dent 2008;36:33-41
  • Brambilla E, Cagetti MG, Gagliani M, Fadini L, Garcia-Godoy F, Strohmenger L. Influence of different adhesive restorative materials on mutans streptococci colonization. Am J Dent 2005;18:173– 6
  • Li F, Chen J, Chai Z, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Fang M, Ma S. Effects of a dental adhesive incorporating antibacterial monomer on the growth, adherence and membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans. J Dent 2009;37:289–96
  • Melo MA, Cheng L, Weir MD, Hsia RC, Rodrigues LK, Xu HH. Novel dental adhesive containing antibacterial agents and calcium phosphate nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 Dec 20. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.32864
  • de Carvalho FG, Puppin-Rontani RM, de Fşcio SB, Negrini Tde C, Carlo HL, Garcia-Godoy F. Analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy of the MDPB bactericidal effect on S. mutans biofilm CLSM analysis of MDPB bactericidal effect on biofilm. J Appl Oral Sci 2012;20:568-575
  • Zalkind MM, Keisar O, Ever-Hadani P, Grinberg R, Sela MN. Accumulation of streptococcus mutans on light-cured composites and amalgam: an in vitro study. J Esthet Dent 1998;10:187-90
  • Barbosa RP, Pereira-Cenci T, Silva WM, Coelho-de- Souza FH, Demarco FF, Cenci MS. Effect of cariogenic biofilm challenge on the surface hardness of direct restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2012;40:359-63
  • Suljak JP, Reid G, Wood SM, McConnell RJ, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Bacterial adhesion to dental amalgam and three resin composites. J Dent 1995;23:171-6
  • Auschill TM, Artweiler NB, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Reich E, Sculean A. Spatial distribution of vital and dead microorganisms in dental biofilms. Archives of Oral Biology 2001;46:471-6.
  • Melo MA, Cheng L, Zhang K, Weir MD, Rodrigues LK, Xu HH. Novel dental adhesives containing nanoparticles of silver and amorphous calcium phosphate. Dent Mater 2013;29:199-210
  • Rolland SL, McCabe JF, Robinson C, Walls AW. In vitro biofilm formation on the surface of resin- based dentine adhesives. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:243-9
  • Hansel C, Leyhausen G, Mai UE, Geurtsen W. Effects of various resin composite (co)monomers and extracts on two caries-associated micro- organisms in vitro. J Dent Res 1998;77:60-67
  • Baca P, Furtado-Antunes de Freitas M, Ferrer- Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Arias-Moliz MT. In vitro Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on five adhesive systems. Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal 2012;17:501-5
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Yaman Dosdoğru This is me

Arzu Pınar Erdem This is me

Elif Sepet This is me

Zeynep Aytepe This is me

Publication Date February 11, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8

Cite

APA Yaman Dosdoğru, E., Pınar Erdem, A., Sepet, E., Aytepe, Z. (2015). EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(Supplement 8), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.39339
AMA Yaman Dosdoğru E, Pınar Erdem A, Sepet E, Aytepe Z. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. February 2015;24(Supplement 8):89-97. doi:10.17567/dfd.39339
Chicago Yaman Dosdoğru, Elif, Arzu Pınar Erdem, Elif Sepet, and Zeynep Aytepe. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no. Supplement 8 (February 2015): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.39339.
EndNote Yaman Dosdoğru E, Pınar Erdem A, Sepet E, Aytepe Z (February 1, 2015) EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24 Supplement 8 89–97.
IEEE E. Yaman Dosdoğru, A. Pınar Erdem, E. Sepet, and Z. Aytepe, “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 24, no. Supplement 8, pp. 89–97, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.39339.
ISNAD Yaman Dosdoğru, Elif et al. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24/Supplement 8 (February 2015), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.39339.
JAMA Yaman Dosdoğru E, Pınar Erdem A, Sepet E, Aytepe Z. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24:89–97.
MLA Yaman Dosdoğru, Elif et al. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 24, no. Supplement 8, 2015, pp. 89-97, doi:10.17567/dfd.39339.
Vancouver Yaman Dosdoğru E, Pınar Erdem A, Sepet E, Aytepe Z. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS ON DENTAL BIOFILM. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(Supplement 8):89-97.

Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. Tıklayınız.