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APPLICATION OF ZIRCONIA IN DENTISTRY

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8, 106 - 116, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.91103

Abstract

Zirconia is used as a biomaterial due to its mechanical and chemical properties, and acceptaple aesthetic outcomes. Zirconia is used for crown and bridge restorations, implant abutments, implant material, endodontic posts, orthodontic brackets and primary material crown in telescopic attachment in dentistry. In this article, mechanical and physical properties of zirconia in dentistry is reviewed, CADCAM systems and a focus on the clinical use and cementation procedures in dental practice with recent research is discussed

References

  • Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:389-404. with clinical
  • Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial, a review. Biomaterials 1999;29:1-25.
  • Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, Strub JR. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent 2009;4:130-51.
  • Garvie RC, Nicholson PS. Structure and thermomechanical properties of partially stabilized zirconia in the CaO-ZrO2 system. J. Amer Ceram Soc 1972;55:152-7.
  • Hisbergues M, Vendeville S, Vendeville P. Zirconia: Established facts and perspectives for a biomaterial in dental implantology. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009;88:519-29.
  • Chevalier J. What future for zironia as a biomaterial? Biomaterials 2006;27:535-43.
  • Garvie RC et al. Ceramic steel? Nature 1975;258:703-04.
  • Manicone PF, Rossi Iommetti P, Raffaelli L. An overview of zirconia ceramics: basic properties and clinical applications. J Dent 2007;35:819-26.
  • Ahmad I. Yttrium-partially stabilized zirconium dioxide posts: an approach to restoring coronally compromised nonvital teeth. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1998;18:454-65.
  • Glauser et al. Experimental zirconia abutments for implant supported single tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year result of a prospective clinical study. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:285-90.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Chiche GJ. The safety and efficacy of anterior ceramic fixed partial dentures: A review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:520-5.
  • Ozkurt Z, Kazazoğlu E. Clinical success of zirconia in dental applications. J Prosthodont 2010;19:64-8.
  • Ardlin BI. Transformation-thoughened zirconia for dental inlays, crowns and bridges: chemical stability and effect of low temperature agingon the flexural strength and surface structure. Dent Mater 2002;18:590-95.
  • Kohal RJ, Klaus G. A zirconia implant-crown system: a case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2004;24:147-53.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Hillstead MB, Meng GK, Chung KH. Survival and complications of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2012;107:170-7.
  • Triwatana P, Nagaviroj N, Tulapornchai C. Clinical performance and failures of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures: a review literature. J Adv Prosthodont 2012;4:76-83.
  • Kelly JR, Denry I. Stabilized zirconia as a structural ceramic: an overview. Dent Mater 2008;24:289-98.
  • Sundh A, Molin M, Sjögren G. Fracture resistance of yttrium oxide partially-stabilized zirconia all- ceramic bridges after veneering and mechanical fatigue testing. Dent Mater 2005;21:476-82.
  • Saldana JM, Ramirez HB, Vigueras DJ, Scheneider GA. Mechanical properties and low-temperature aging of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals processed by hot isostatic pressing. J Mat Rest 2003;18:2415-26.
  • SatoT, Shimada M. Transfornation of yttria doped tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals by annealingin water. J Amer Ceram Soc 1985;68:356-9.
  • Chevalier J, Deville S, Münch E, Jullian R, Lair F. Critical effect of cubic phase on aging in 3mol% yttria-stabilized replacement prosthesis. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 5539-45. ceramics for hip
  • Luthardt et al. Reliability and properties of ground Y-TZP zirconia ceramics. J Dent Res 2002;81:487- 91.
  • Swabb JJ, Low J. Low temperature degradation of Y-TZP materials. J Mater Science 1991;26:6706- 17.
  • Tinschert et al. Structural reliability of alumina-, feldspar-, leucite-, mica-, and zirconia-based ceramics. J Dent 2000;28:529-35.
  • Guazzato et al. Strength, fracture thoughness and microstructure of a selection of all ceramic materials. Part I. Pressable and alumina glass- infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater 2004;20:441-48.
  • Mörmann WH, Bindl A. The new creativity in ceramic Quintessence Int 1996;27:821-8. dental CAD-CAM.
  • Denissen H, Dozić A, van der Zel J, van Waas M. Marginal fit and short-term clinical performance of porcelain-veneered CICERO, CEREC, and Procera onlays. J Prosthet Dent 2000;84:506-13.
  • McLaren EA, Terry DA. CAD/CAM systems, materials, and clinical guidelines for all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002;23(7):637-41
  • Piwowarczyk A, Ottl P, Lauer HC, Kuretzky T.A clinical report and overview of scientific studies and clinical procedures conducted on the 3M ESPE Lava 2005;14:39-45. J Prosthodont
  • Koutayas SO, Kern M. All-ceramic posts and cores: the state of the art. Quintessence Int 1999;30:383-92.
  • Ozkurt Z, Işeri U, Kazazoğlu E. Zirconia ceramic post systems: a literature review and a case report. Dent Mater J 2010;29:233-45.
  • Mitsias ME, Silva NR, Pines M, Stappert C, Thompson VP. Reliability and fatigue damage modes of zirconia and titanium abutments. Int J Prosthodont 2010;23:56-9.
  • Park JI, Lee Y, Lee JH, Kim YL, Bae JM, Cho HW. Comparison of Fracture Resistance and Fit Accuracy of Customized Zirconia Abutments with Prefabricated Zirconia Abutments in Internal Hexagonal Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012 Jan 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208. 2011. 00426.x.
  • Studart et al. Fatigue of zirconia under cyclic loading in water and its implications for the design dental bridges. Dent Mater 2007;23:106-14.
  • Lawn BR, Deng Y, Thompson VP. Use of contact testing in the characterization and design of all- ceramic crownlike layer structures: a review. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:495-510.
  • Oh W et al. Influence of connector design on fracture probability of ceramic fixed partial dentures. J Dent Res 2002;81:623-27.
  • Suarez MJ et al. Three year clinical evaluation of In-Ceram Zirconia posterior FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:35-8.
  • Esquivel-Upshaw JF et al. Clinical performance of lithium-disilicate-based core ceramis for three unit posterior FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:469-75.
  • Aboushelib MN, de Jager N, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ. Microtensile bond strength of different components of core veneered all-ceramic restorations. Dent Mater 2005;21:984-91.
  • Vult Von Steyern P et al. Five year evaluation of posterior all ceramic three unit (In-Ceram) FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2001;14:379-84.
  • Bitter K, Priehn K, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. In vitro evaluation of push-out bond strengths of various luting agents to tooth-colored posts. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:302-10.
  • Bächle M, Butz F, Hübner U, Bakalinis E, Kohal RJ. Behavior of CAL72 osteoblast-like cells cultured on zirconia topographies. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18:53- 9. different surface
  • Yildirim M et al. In vivo fracture resistence of implant-suppoted Prosthet Dent 2003;90:325-31. restoration. J
  • Moon IS, Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Linder E, Lindhe J. The barrier between the keratinized mucosa and the dental implant. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26:658- 63.
  • Nascimento C, Pita MS, Pedrazzi V, de Albuquerque Junior RF, Ribeiro RF. In vivo evaluation of Candida spp. adhesion on titanium or zirconia abutment surfaces Arch Oral Biol 2013;58:853-61.
  • Bressan E, Paniz G, Lops D, Corazza B, Romeo E, Favero G. Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011;22:631-7.
  • Pellechia R et al. Fixed partial denture supported by all ceramic copings: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2004;92:220-23.
  • Turp BI. İstanbul Üniversitesi 2011 doktora tezi
  • Okutan Y, Yücel M. Zirkonya hassas tutuculu hareketli bölümlü protezin klinik uygulama aşamaları: olgu sunumu. SÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2010;19:232-6.
  • Kern M, Wegner SM. Bonding to zirconia ceramic:adhesion methods and their durability. Dent Mater 1998;14:64-71.
  • Atsu SS et al. Effect of zirconium-oxide ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength to adhesive resin.J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:430-6.
  • Xible AA et al. Effect of silica coating and silanizationon the flexural and composite resin bond strengths of zirconia posts: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:224-29.
  • Robin C, Scherrer SS, Wiskott HW, de Rijk WG, Belser UC.Weibull parameters of composite resin bond strengths to porcelain and noble alloy using the Rocatec system. Dent Mater 2002;18:389-95.
  • Palacious RP. Retention of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns with three types of cements. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:104-14.
  • Kern M, Thompson VP. Bonding to glass-infiltrated alumina ceramics:adhesive methods and their durability. J prosthet Dent 1995;73:240-49.
  • Nejatidanesh F, Savabi O, Shahtoosi M. Retention of implant-supported zirconium oxide ceramic restorations using different luting agents. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0501.2011.02358.x.
  • Liu D, Matinlinna JP, Tsoi JK, Pow EH, Miyazaki T, Shibata Y, Kan CW. A new modified laser pretreatment for porcelain zirconia bonding. Dent Mater 2013;29:559-65.
  • Zhang Z, Wang K, Bai C, Li X, Dang X, Zhang C. The influence of UV irradiation on the biological properties of MAO-formed ZrO2. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012;1;89:40-7.
  • Yong Han, Yuanyuan Yan, Chunguau Lu. Ultraviolet enhanced bioactivity ZrO2 films preperad by micro-arc oxidation. Thin Solid Films 2009;517:1577–81.
  • Marinis A, Aquilino SA, Lund PS, Gratton DG, Stanford CM, Diaz-Arnold AM, Qian F. J Fracture toughness of yttria-stabilized zirconia sintered in conventional and microwave ovens. Prosthet Dent 2013;109:165-71.
  • Almazdi AA, Khajah HM, Monaco EA Jr, Kim H. Applying microwave technology to sintering dental zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2012;108:304-9.
  • Culp L, McLaren EA. Lithium disilicate: the restorative material of multiple options. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2010;31:716–20.
  • Christensen GJ. The all-ceramic restoration dilemma: where are we? J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142:668–71.
  • Jeong HC. Fracture strength of zirconia monolithic crowns. J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2006;44: 157- 64.

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8, 106 - 116, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.91103

Abstract

Zirkonya; mekanik, kimyasal, fiziksel, estetik ve biyouyumluluk özelliklerinden dolayı diş hekimliğinde sıklıkla tercih edilen bir biyomateryaldir. Diş hekimli- ğinde zirkonya; kuron ve köprü restorasyon- larının alt yapısında, implant abutmentı, implant materyali, endo- dontik post, ortodontik braket ve teleskobik tutucularda primer kuronların yapımında kullanılmaktadır.

  Bu makalede zirkonyanın mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri, diş hekimliğinde kullanım alanları, üretiminde kullanılan CAD-CAM sistemleri ve simantasyonu güncel araştırmalar ışığında ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

References

  • Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:389-404. with clinical
  • Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial, a review. Biomaterials 1999;29:1-25.
  • Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, Strub JR. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent 2009;4:130-51.
  • Garvie RC, Nicholson PS. Structure and thermomechanical properties of partially stabilized zirconia in the CaO-ZrO2 system. J. Amer Ceram Soc 1972;55:152-7.
  • Hisbergues M, Vendeville S, Vendeville P. Zirconia: Established facts and perspectives for a biomaterial in dental implantology. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009;88:519-29.
  • Chevalier J. What future for zironia as a biomaterial? Biomaterials 2006;27:535-43.
  • Garvie RC et al. Ceramic steel? Nature 1975;258:703-04.
  • Manicone PF, Rossi Iommetti P, Raffaelli L. An overview of zirconia ceramics: basic properties and clinical applications. J Dent 2007;35:819-26.
  • Ahmad I. Yttrium-partially stabilized zirconium dioxide posts: an approach to restoring coronally compromised nonvital teeth. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1998;18:454-65.
  • Glauser et al. Experimental zirconia abutments for implant supported single tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year result of a prospective clinical study. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:285-90.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Chiche GJ. The safety and efficacy of anterior ceramic fixed partial dentures: A review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:520-5.
  • Ozkurt Z, Kazazoğlu E. Clinical success of zirconia in dental applications. J Prosthodont 2010;19:64-8.
  • Ardlin BI. Transformation-thoughened zirconia for dental inlays, crowns and bridges: chemical stability and effect of low temperature agingon the flexural strength and surface structure. Dent Mater 2002;18:590-95.
  • Kohal RJ, Klaus G. A zirconia implant-crown system: a case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2004;24:147-53.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Hillstead MB, Meng GK, Chung KH. Survival and complications of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2012;107:170-7.
  • Triwatana P, Nagaviroj N, Tulapornchai C. Clinical performance and failures of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures: a review literature. J Adv Prosthodont 2012;4:76-83.
  • Kelly JR, Denry I. Stabilized zirconia as a structural ceramic: an overview. Dent Mater 2008;24:289-98.
  • Sundh A, Molin M, Sjögren G. Fracture resistance of yttrium oxide partially-stabilized zirconia all- ceramic bridges after veneering and mechanical fatigue testing. Dent Mater 2005;21:476-82.
  • Saldana JM, Ramirez HB, Vigueras DJ, Scheneider GA. Mechanical properties and low-temperature aging of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals processed by hot isostatic pressing. J Mat Rest 2003;18:2415-26.
  • SatoT, Shimada M. Transfornation of yttria doped tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals by annealingin water. J Amer Ceram Soc 1985;68:356-9.
  • Chevalier J, Deville S, Münch E, Jullian R, Lair F. Critical effect of cubic phase on aging in 3mol% yttria-stabilized replacement prosthesis. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 5539-45. ceramics for hip
  • Luthardt et al. Reliability and properties of ground Y-TZP zirconia ceramics. J Dent Res 2002;81:487- 91.
  • Swabb JJ, Low J. Low temperature degradation of Y-TZP materials. J Mater Science 1991;26:6706- 17.
  • Tinschert et al. Structural reliability of alumina-, feldspar-, leucite-, mica-, and zirconia-based ceramics. J Dent 2000;28:529-35.
  • Guazzato et al. Strength, fracture thoughness and microstructure of a selection of all ceramic materials. Part I. Pressable and alumina glass- infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater 2004;20:441-48.
  • Mörmann WH, Bindl A. The new creativity in ceramic Quintessence Int 1996;27:821-8. dental CAD-CAM.
  • Denissen H, Dozić A, van der Zel J, van Waas M. Marginal fit and short-term clinical performance of porcelain-veneered CICERO, CEREC, and Procera onlays. J Prosthet Dent 2000;84:506-13.
  • McLaren EA, Terry DA. CAD/CAM systems, materials, and clinical guidelines for all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002;23(7):637-41
  • Piwowarczyk A, Ottl P, Lauer HC, Kuretzky T.A clinical report and overview of scientific studies and clinical procedures conducted on the 3M ESPE Lava 2005;14:39-45. J Prosthodont
  • Koutayas SO, Kern M. All-ceramic posts and cores: the state of the art. Quintessence Int 1999;30:383-92.
  • Ozkurt Z, Işeri U, Kazazoğlu E. Zirconia ceramic post systems: a literature review and a case report. Dent Mater J 2010;29:233-45.
  • Mitsias ME, Silva NR, Pines M, Stappert C, Thompson VP. Reliability and fatigue damage modes of zirconia and titanium abutments. Int J Prosthodont 2010;23:56-9.
  • Park JI, Lee Y, Lee JH, Kim YL, Bae JM, Cho HW. Comparison of Fracture Resistance and Fit Accuracy of Customized Zirconia Abutments with Prefabricated Zirconia Abutments in Internal Hexagonal Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012 Jan 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208. 2011. 00426.x.
  • Studart et al. Fatigue of zirconia under cyclic loading in water and its implications for the design dental bridges. Dent Mater 2007;23:106-14.
  • Lawn BR, Deng Y, Thompson VP. Use of contact testing in the characterization and design of all- ceramic crownlike layer structures: a review. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:495-510.
  • Oh W et al. Influence of connector design on fracture probability of ceramic fixed partial dentures. J Dent Res 2002;81:623-27.
  • Suarez MJ et al. Three year clinical evaluation of In-Ceram Zirconia posterior FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:35-8.
  • Esquivel-Upshaw JF et al. Clinical performance of lithium-disilicate-based core ceramis for three unit posterior FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:469-75.
  • Aboushelib MN, de Jager N, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ. Microtensile bond strength of different components of core veneered all-ceramic restorations. Dent Mater 2005;21:984-91.
  • Vult Von Steyern P et al. Five year evaluation of posterior all ceramic three unit (In-Ceram) FPDs. Int J Prosthodont 2001;14:379-84.
  • Bitter K, Priehn K, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. In vitro evaluation of push-out bond strengths of various luting agents to tooth-colored posts. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:302-10.
  • Bächle M, Butz F, Hübner U, Bakalinis E, Kohal RJ. Behavior of CAL72 osteoblast-like cells cultured on zirconia topographies. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18:53- 9. different surface
  • Yildirim M et al. In vivo fracture resistence of implant-suppoted Prosthet Dent 2003;90:325-31. restoration. J
  • Moon IS, Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Linder E, Lindhe J. The barrier between the keratinized mucosa and the dental implant. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26:658- 63.
  • Nascimento C, Pita MS, Pedrazzi V, de Albuquerque Junior RF, Ribeiro RF. In vivo evaluation of Candida spp. adhesion on titanium or zirconia abutment surfaces Arch Oral Biol 2013;58:853-61.
  • Bressan E, Paniz G, Lops D, Corazza B, Romeo E, Favero G. Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011;22:631-7.
  • Pellechia R et al. Fixed partial denture supported by all ceramic copings: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2004;92:220-23.
  • Turp BI. İstanbul Üniversitesi 2011 doktora tezi
  • Okutan Y, Yücel M. Zirkonya hassas tutuculu hareketli bölümlü protezin klinik uygulama aşamaları: olgu sunumu. SÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2010;19:232-6.
  • Kern M, Wegner SM. Bonding to zirconia ceramic:adhesion methods and their durability. Dent Mater 1998;14:64-71.
  • Atsu SS et al. Effect of zirconium-oxide ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength to adhesive resin.J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:430-6.
  • Xible AA et al. Effect of silica coating and silanizationon the flexural and composite resin bond strengths of zirconia posts: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95:224-29.
  • Robin C, Scherrer SS, Wiskott HW, de Rijk WG, Belser UC.Weibull parameters of composite resin bond strengths to porcelain and noble alloy using the Rocatec system. Dent Mater 2002;18:389-95.
  • Palacious RP. Retention of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns with three types of cements. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:104-14.
  • Kern M, Thompson VP. Bonding to glass-infiltrated alumina ceramics:adhesive methods and their durability. J prosthet Dent 1995;73:240-49.
  • Nejatidanesh F, Savabi O, Shahtoosi M. Retention of implant-supported zirconium oxide ceramic restorations using different luting agents. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0501.2011.02358.x.
  • Liu D, Matinlinna JP, Tsoi JK, Pow EH, Miyazaki T, Shibata Y, Kan CW. A new modified laser pretreatment for porcelain zirconia bonding. Dent Mater 2013;29:559-65.
  • Zhang Z, Wang K, Bai C, Li X, Dang X, Zhang C. The influence of UV irradiation on the biological properties of MAO-formed ZrO2. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012;1;89:40-7.
  • Yong Han, Yuanyuan Yan, Chunguau Lu. Ultraviolet enhanced bioactivity ZrO2 films preperad by micro-arc oxidation. Thin Solid Films 2009;517:1577–81.
  • Marinis A, Aquilino SA, Lund PS, Gratton DG, Stanford CM, Diaz-Arnold AM, Qian F. J Fracture toughness of yttria-stabilized zirconia sintered in conventional and microwave ovens. Prosthet Dent 2013;109:165-71.
  • Almazdi AA, Khajah HM, Monaco EA Jr, Kim H. Applying microwave technology to sintering dental zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2012;108:304-9.
  • Culp L, McLaren EA. Lithium disilicate: the restorative material of multiple options. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2010;31:716–20.
  • Christensen GJ. The all-ceramic restoration dilemma: where are we? J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142:668–71.
  • Jeong HC. Fracture strength of zirconia monolithic crowns. J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2006;44: 157- 64.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melahat Çelik This is me

Canan Bural

Gülsen Bayrakdar This is me

Publication Date February 11, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 24 Issue: Supplement 8

Cite

APA Çelik, M., Bural, C., & Bayrakdar, G. (2015). DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(Supplement 8), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.91103
AMA Çelik M, Bural C, Bayrakdar G. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. February 2015;24(Supplement 8):106-116. doi:10.17567/dfd.91103
Chicago Çelik, Melahat, Canan Bural, and Gülsen Bayrakdar. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no. Supplement 8 (February 2015): 106-16. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.91103.
EndNote Çelik M, Bural C, Bayrakdar G (February 1, 2015) DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24 Supplement 8 106–116.
IEEE M. Çelik, C. Bural, and G. Bayrakdar, “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 24, no. Supplement 8, pp. 106–116, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.91103.
ISNAD Çelik, Melahat et al. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24/Supplement 8 (February 2015), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.91103.
JAMA Çelik M, Bural C, Bayrakdar G. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24:106–116.
MLA Çelik, Melahat et al. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 24, no. Supplement 8, 2015, pp. 106-1, doi:10.17567/dfd.91103.
Vancouver Çelik M, Bural C, Bayrakdar G. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ZİRKONYA UYGULAMALARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(Supplement 8):106-1.

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