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MODES OF INFANT FEEDING AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 64 - 70, 07.10.2015

Melis Araz , Yeliz Güven Oya Aktören

https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.72465
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Early childhood caries  is the most prevalent chronic childhood disease, representing a public health problem that affects infants and preschool children worldwide. Infant feeding habits involving breastfeeding, bottlefeeding and formulas are believed to have a role in the development of early childhood caries. This article presents an overview of effects of infant feeding habits on early childhood caries in the light of current literature. Breastfeeding has been found to have many health benefits for both child and mother. On the other hand, several studies have shown that breastfeeding or even exclusive breastfeeding can cause caries similar to bottlefeeding.  Bottle-feeding with sucrose-containing infant formulas, fruit soups or syrups were reported to be risk indicators for caries in young children.  In the studies that investigate the relationship between early childhood caries   and different feeding modes for infants, it is observed that the findings exhibit variability depending on the feeding method and duration.

Keywords

Early childhood caries breastfeeding bottlefeeding exclusive breastfeeding infant formulas

References

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care. ReferenceManual 2012.p.141-5.
  • Johansson I, Holgerson PL, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Tanner AC. Snacking habits and caries in young children. Caries Res 2010;44:421-30.
  • Feitosa S, Colares V, Pinkham J. The psychosocial effects of severe caries in 4-year-old children in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2005;21:1550–6.
  • Petersen PE. Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century – implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009;37:1–8.
  • Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:711–8.
  • Seow WK, Clifford H, Battistutta D, Morawska A, Holcombe T. Case control study of early childhood caries in Australia. Caries Res 2009;43:25-35.
  • Peker K, Bermek G. Erken dönem süt dişi çürüklerinin önlenmesinde risk değerlendirilmesinin önemi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2013;23: 106-15.
  • Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O’Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman A. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115: 496–506.
  • Yonezu T, Yotsuya K, Yakushiji M. Characteristics of breast-fed children with nursing caries. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2006;47:161-5.
  • White V. Breastfeeding and the risk of early childhood caries. Evidence-Based Dentistry 2008;9: 86-8.
  • Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Issue1.Cochrane Database Syst Rev:2002,p. 11-2 .
  • Agostoni C, Decsi T, Fewtrell M, Goulet O, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Moreno L, Puntis J, Rigo J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D, van Goudoever J. commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46: 99-110.
  • www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Maternity/Maternal andinfantnutrition/index.html
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on Dietary Recommendations for Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2005;27:36–37.
  • Quadri G, Nourallah A, Splieth C. Early childhood caries and feeding practices in kindergarten children. Quintessence Int. 2012;6:503-10.
  • Feldens CA, Giugliani ERJ, Duncan BB, Drachler ML, Vitolo MR. Long-term effectiveness of a nutritional program in reducing early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010;38:324-32.
  • Valaitis R, Hesch R, Passarelli C, Sheehan D, Sinton J. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health.2000;91:411–7.
  • Thomson ME, Thomson CW, Chandler NP. In vitro and intra-oral investigations into the cariogenic potential of human milk. Caries Res.1996;30: 434–8.
  • Carino KM, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y. Early in Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;32:81-9.
  • Erickson PR, Mazhari E. Investigation of the role of human breast milk in caries development. Pediatr Dent 1999;21:86–90.
  • Huntington NL, Kim IJ, Hughes CV. Caries-risk factors for hispanic children affected by early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:536-42.
  • Iida H, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007;120:944–52.
  • Jose B, King NM. Early childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala, India. Pediatr Dent 2003;25:594-600.
  • Mohebbi SZ, Virtanen JI, Vahid-Golpayegani M, Vehkalahti MM. Feeding habits as determinants of early childhood caries in a population where prolonged breastfeeding is the norm. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2008;36:363-9.
  • Rajab LD, Hamdan MAM. Early childhood caries and risk factors in Jordan. Community Dent Health 2002;19:224-9.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ, Tomar SL, Ellison J, Artiga N, Sintes J, Vicuna G. Assessment of early childhood caries and dietary habits in a population of migrant Hispanic children in Stockton, California. ASDC J Dent Child 1999;66:395-403.
  • Ribeiro NME, Ribeiro MAS. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries:a critical review. J Pediatr 2004;80:199-210.
  • Azevedo TD, Bezerra AC, de Toledo OA. Feeding habits and severe early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2005;27: 28–33.
  • Sayegh A, Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Oral health, sociodemographic factors, dietary and oral hygiene practices in Jordanian children J Dent. 2005;33: 379-88.
  • Weber-Gasparoni K, Kanellis MJ, Levy SM, Stock J. Caries prior to age 3 and breastfeeding: a survey of La Leche League members. J Dent Child (Chic). 2007;74:52-61.
  • Bowen WH, Lawrence RA. Comparison of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk and sucrose. Pediatrics 2005;116:920-6.
  • World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. 1 ed.Geneva: 2003.p 25-30.
  • Tanaka K, Miyake Y. Association between breastfeeding and dental caries in Japanese children. J Epidemiol 2012;22:72-7.
  • Tyagi R. The prevalence of nursing caries in Davangere preschool children and its relationship with feeding practices and socioeconomic status of the family. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26:153–7.
  • Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Zhang X, Shishko G, Muller-Bolla M, Platt RW. The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast- feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. New evidence from a large randomized trial. Caries Res 2007;41:484–8.
  • Yonezu T, Yotsuya K, Yakushiji M. Longitudinal study of prolonged breast or bottle feding on dental caries in Japanese children. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2006;47:157-60.
  • van Palenstein Helderman WH, Soe W, van ’t Hof MA. Risk factors of early childhood caries in a Southeast Asian population. J Dent Res. 2006;85: 85–8.
  • Vachirarojpisan T, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y, Laungwechakan P, Somkote T, Detsomboonrat P. Early childhood caries in children aged 6-19 months. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32: 133-42.
  • King NM, Wu II, Tsai JS. Caries prevalence and distribution, and oral health habits of zero- to four- year-old children in Macau, China. J Dent Child (Chic). 2003;70:243-9.
  • Santos APP, Soviero VM. Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2002;16:203-38.
  • Rosemblatt A, Zarzar P. The prevalence of early childhood caries in 12- to 36-month-old children in Recife, Brazil. ASDC J Dent Child. 2002;69:319-24.
  • Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Caries and its association with infant feeding and oral health-related behaviors in 3-4-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:241-8.
  • Li Y, Wang W, Caufield PW. The fidelity of mutans streptocci transmission and caries status correlate with breast-feeding experience among Chinese families. Caries Res. 2000;34:123-32.
  • Oulis CJ, Berdouses ED, Vadiakas G, Lygidakis NA. Feeding practices of Greek children with and without nursing caries. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21: 409-16.
  • Weerheijm KL, Uyttendaele-Speybrouck BFM, Euwe HC, Groen HJ. Prolonged demand breast- feeding and nursing caries. Caries Res. 1998;32: 46-50.
  • al Ghanim NA, Adenubi JO, Wyne AA, Khan NB. Caries prediction model in pre-school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1998;8: 115-22.
  • Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries experience in deciduous dentition of rural Chinese children 3-5 years old in relation to the presence or absence of enamel hypoplasia. Caries Res. 1996;30:8-15.
  • Chaudhary SD, Chaudhary M, Singh A, Kunte S. An assessment of the cariogenicity of commonly used infant milk formulae using microbiological and biochemical methods. Int J Dent 2011;12:21-7.
  • Erickson PR, McClintock KL, Green N, LaFleur J. Estimation of the caries-related risk associated with infant formulas. Ped Dent, 1998; 20:395-403.
  • Sheikh C, Erickson P. Evaluation of plaque pH changes following oral rinse with eight infant formulas. Pediatr Dent 1996;18:200-4.
  • Munshi AK, Kavitha H, Shanti K. Acidogenic potential of infant formulas marketed in India. J Indian Soc of Prev Dent, 2001;19:1–9.
  • Peres RC, Coppi LC, Franco EM, Volpato MC, Groppo FC, Rosalen PL. Cariogenicity of different types of milk: an experimental study using animal model. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2002;13:27–32.
  • Al-Ahmari Z, Joseph AO. Evaluation of acidogenic potential of infant milk formula. Saudi Dental J, 2003;15:88-95.
  • Do LG, Levy SM, Spencer AJ. Association between infant formula feding and dental fluorosis and caries in Australian children. J Public Health Dentistry 2012;72:112-21.
  • Bowen WH, Pearson SK, Rosalen PL, Miguel JC, Shih AY. Assessing the cariogenic potential of some infant formulas, milk and sugar solutions. J Am Dent Assoc.1997;128:865–71.
  • Stephen A, Alles M, Graaf C, Fleith M, Hadjilucas E, Isaacs E, Maffeis C, Zeinstra G, Matthys C, Gil A. The role and requirements of digestible dietary carbonhydrates in infants and toddlers. European J Clin Nutrition 2012;66:765-79.
  • Chan SC, Tsai JS, King NM. Feeding and oral hygiene habits of preschool children in Hong Kong and their caregivers’ dental knowledge and attitudes. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002;12:322–31.
  • Kiwanuka SN, Astrom AN, Trovik TA. Dental caries experience and its relationship to social and behavioral factors among 3-5-year-old children in Uganda. Int J Paediatr Dent 2004;14:336–46.

BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 64 - 70, 07.10.2015

Melis Araz , Yeliz Güven Oya Aktören

https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.72465
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü,  dünyada bebekleri ve okul öncesi çocukları etkileyen ve en yaygın kronik çocukluk çağı hastalığı olarak belirtilen halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bebeklerde beslenme alışkanlıklarının (anne sütüyle, biberonla ve bebek mamasıyla beslenme), erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerinin gelişmesinde önemli rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir.

EÇÇ’nin beslenme ile olan ilişkisi güncel literatür ışığı altında incelenmiştir.

Anne sütüyle beslenmenin çocuk ve anne için yararlı etkilerinin olduğu bilinse de, özellikle uzun süre anne sütüyle beslenmenin biberonla beslenmeyle benzer şekilde çürüğe neden olduğu çeşitli çalışmalar tarafından gösterilmektedir. Ayrıca biberon ile sukroz içeren bebek mamaları ya da meyve sularının verilmesi, bebeklerde diş çürüğü açısından risk faktörü oluşturmaktadır.

Bebeklerde farklı beslenme modelleri ve diş çürüğü ilişkisini değerlendiren çalışmalar incelendiğin- de bulguların beslenme sekli ve süresine bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği gözlenmektedir.


Keywords

Erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri anne sütü ile beslenme biberonla beslenme uzun süreli anne sütüyle beslenme bebek mamaları

References

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care. ReferenceManual 2012.p.141-5.
  • Johansson I, Holgerson PL, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Tanner AC. Snacking habits and caries in young children. Caries Res 2010;44:421-30.
  • Feitosa S, Colares V, Pinkham J. The psychosocial effects of severe caries in 4-year-old children in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2005;21:1550–6.
  • Petersen PE. Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century – implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009;37:1–8.
  • Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:711–8.
  • Seow WK, Clifford H, Battistutta D, Morawska A, Holcombe T. Case control study of early childhood caries in Australia. Caries Res 2009;43:25-35.
  • Peker K, Bermek G. Erken dönem süt dişi çürüklerinin önlenmesinde risk değerlendirilmesinin önemi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2013;23: 106-15.
  • Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O’Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman A. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115: 496–506.
  • Yonezu T, Yotsuya K, Yakushiji M. Characteristics of breast-fed children with nursing caries. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2006;47:161-5.
  • White V. Breastfeeding and the risk of early childhood caries. Evidence-Based Dentistry 2008;9: 86-8.
  • Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Issue1.Cochrane Database Syst Rev:2002,p. 11-2 .
  • Agostoni C, Decsi T, Fewtrell M, Goulet O, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Moreno L, Puntis J, Rigo J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D, van Goudoever J. commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46: 99-110.
  • www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Maternity/Maternal andinfantnutrition/index.html
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on Dietary Recommendations for Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2005;27:36–37.
  • Quadri G, Nourallah A, Splieth C. Early childhood caries and feeding practices in kindergarten children. Quintessence Int. 2012;6:503-10.
  • Feldens CA, Giugliani ERJ, Duncan BB, Drachler ML, Vitolo MR. Long-term effectiveness of a nutritional program in reducing early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010;38:324-32.
  • Valaitis R, Hesch R, Passarelli C, Sheehan D, Sinton J. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health.2000;91:411–7.
  • Thomson ME, Thomson CW, Chandler NP. In vitro and intra-oral investigations into the cariogenic potential of human milk. Caries Res.1996;30: 434–8.
  • Carino KM, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y. Early in Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;32:81-9.
  • Erickson PR, Mazhari E. Investigation of the role of human breast milk in caries development. Pediatr Dent 1999;21:86–90.
  • Huntington NL, Kim IJ, Hughes CV. Caries-risk factors for hispanic children affected by early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:536-42.
  • Iida H, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007;120:944–52.
  • Jose B, King NM. Early childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala, India. Pediatr Dent 2003;25:594-600.
  • Mohebbi SZ, Virtanen JI, Vahid-Golpayegani M, Vehkalahti MM. Feeding habits as determinants of early childhood caries in a population where prolonged breastfeeding is the norm. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2008;36:363-9.
  • Rajab LD, Hamdan MAM. Early childhood caries and risk factors in Jordan. Community Dent Health 2002;19:224-9.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ, Tomar SL, Ellison J, Artiga N, Sintes J, Vicuna G. Assessment of early childhood caries and dietary habits in a population of migrant Hispanic children in Stockton, California. ASDC J Dent Child 1999;66:395-403.
  • Ribeiro NME, Ribeiro MAS. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries:a critical review. J Pediatr 2004;80:199-210.
  • Azevedo TD, Bezerra AC, de Toledo OA. Feeding habits and severe early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2005;27: 28–33.
  • Sayegh A, Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Oral health, sociodemographic factors, dietary and oral hygiene practices in Jordanian children J Dent. 2005;33: 379-88.
  • Weber-Gasparoni K, Kanellis MJ, Levy SM, Stock J. Caries prior to age 3 and breastfeeding: a survey of La Leche League members. J Dent Child (Chic). 2007;74:52-61.
  • Bowen WH, Lawrence RA. Comparison of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk and sucrose. Pediatrics 2005;116:920-6.
  • World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. 1 ed.Geneva: 2003.p 25-30.
  • Tanaka K, Miyake Y. Association between breastfeeding and dental caries in Japanese children. J Epidemiol 2012;22:72-7.
  • Tyagi R. The prevalence of nursing caries in Davangere preschool children and its relationship with feeding practices and socioeconomic status of the family. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26:153–7.
  • Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Zhang X, Shishko G, Muller-Bolla M, Platt RW. The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast- feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. New evidence from a large randomized trial. Caries Res 2007;41:484–8.
  • Yonezu T, Yotsuya K, Yakushiji M. Longitudinal study of prolonged breast or bottle feding on dental caries in Japanese children. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2006;47:157-60.
  • van Palenstein Helderman WH, Soe W, van ’t Hof MA. Risk factors of early childhood caries in a Southeast Asian population. J Dent Res. 2006;85: 85–8.
  • Vachirarojpisan T, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y, Laungwechakan P, Somkote T, Detsomboonrat P. Early childhood caries in children aged 6-19 months. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32: 133-42.
  • King NM, Wu II, Tsai JS. Caries prevalence and distribution, and oral health habits of zero- to four- year-old children in Macau, China. J Dent Child (Chic). 2003;70:243-9.
  • Santos APP, Soviero VM. Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2002;16:203-38.
  • Rosemblatt A, Zarzar P. The prevalence of early childhood caries in 12- to 36-month-old children in Recife, Brazil. ASDC J Dent Child. 2002;69:319-24.
  • Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Caries and its association with infant feeding and oral health-related behaviors in 3-4-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:241-8.
  • Li Y, Wang W, Caufield PW. The fidelity of mutans streptocci transmission and caries status correlate with breast-feeding experience among Chinese families. Caries Res. 2000;34:123-32.
  • Oulis CJ, Berdouses ED, Vadiakas G, Lygidakis NA. Feeding practices of Greek children with and without nursing caries. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21: 409-16.
  • Weerheijm KL, Uyttendaele-Speybrouck BFM, Euwe HC, Groen HJ. Prolonged demand breast- feeding and nursing caries. Caries Res. 1998;32: 46-50.
  • al Ghanim NA, Adenubi JO, Wyne AA, Khan NB. Caries prediction model in pre-school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1998;8: 115-22.
  • Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries experience in deciduous dentition of rural Chinese children 3-5 years old in relation to the presence or absence of enamel hypoplasia. Caries Res. 1996;30:8-15.
  • Chaudhary SD, Chaudhary M, Singh A, Kunte S. An assessment of the cariogenicity of commonly used infant milk formulae using microbiological and biochemical methods. Int J Dent 2011;12:21-7.
  • Erickson PR, McClintock KL, Green N, LaFleur J. Estimation of the caries-related risk associated with infant formulas. Ped Dent, 1998; 20:395-403.
  • Sheikh C, Erickson P. Evaluation of plaque pH changes following oral rinse with eight infant formulas. Pediatr Dent 1996;18:200-4.
  • Munshi AK, Kavitha H, Shanti K. Acidogenic potential of infant formulas marketed in India. J Indian Soc of Prev Dent, 2001;19:1–9.
  • Peres RC, Coppi LC, Franco EM, Volpato MC, Groppo FC, Rosalen PL. Cariogenicity of different types of milk: an experimental study using animal model. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2002;13:27–32.
  • Al-Ahmari Z, Joseph AO. Evaluation of acidogenic potential of infant milk formula. Saudi Dental J, 2003;15:88-95.
  • Do LG, Levy SM, Spencer AJ. Association between infant formula feding and dental fluorosis and caries in Australian children. J Public Health Dentistry 2012;72:112-21.
  • Bowen WH, Pearson SK, Rosalen PL, Miguel JC, Shih AY. Assessing the cariogenic potential of some infant formulas, milk and sugar solutions. J Am Dent Assoc.1997;128:865–71.
  • Stephen A, Alles M, Graaf C, Fleith M, Hadjilucas E, Isaacs E, Maffeis C, Zeinstra G, Matthys C, Gil A. The role and requirements of digestible dietary carbonhydrates in infants and toddlers. European J Clin Nutrition 2012;66:765-79.
  • Chan SC, Tsai JS, King NM. Feeding and oral hygiene habits of preschool children in Hong Kong and their caregivers’ dental knowledge and attitudes. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002;12:322–31.
  • Kiwanuka SN, Astrom AN, Trovik TA. Dental caries experience and its relationship to social and behavioral factors among 3-5-year-old children in Uganda. Int J Paediatr Dent 2004;14:336–46.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melis Araz

Yeliz Güven This is me

Oya Aktören This is me

Publication Date October 7, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Supplement 11

Cite

APA Araz, M., Güven, Y., & Aktören, O. (2015). BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.72465
AMA Araz M, Güven Y, Aktören O. BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. October 2015;25:64-70. doi:10.17567/dfd.72465
Chicago Araz, Melis, Yeliz Güven, and Oya Aktören. “BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25, October (October 2015): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.72465.
EndNote Araz M, Güven Y, Aktören O (October 1, 2015) BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 64–70.
IEEE M. Araz, Y. Güven, and O. Aktören, “BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 25, pp. 64–70, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.72465.
ISNAD Araz, Melis et al. “BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (October 2015), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.72465.
JAMA Araz M, Güven Y, Aktören O. BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:64–70.
MLA Araz, Melis et al. “BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, 2015, pp. 64-70, doi:10.17567/dfd.72465.
Vancouver Araz M, Güven Y, Aktören O. BEBEKLERDE BESLENME MODELLERİ VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:64-70.

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