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ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 71 - 76, 07.10.2015

Esra Kızılcı Nurhan Özalp

https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.33962

Abstract

ÖZET

Diş çürüğü geçiş gösteren enfektif bir hastalıktır.  İnsanlarda diş çürüğünden sorumlu olan, fenotipik özellikleri benzer bakteriler belirlenmiş ve Mutans streptokoklar olarak adlandırılmıştır. Mutans streptokoklar’ ın kolonizasyonu, özellikle çocuğun 19 ve 31. aylar arası dönemi boyunca devam eden ve ‘enfektivite penceresi’ olarak adlandırılan özel bir dönemde gerçekleşmektedir. Mutans streptokok’ ların geçişinde temel faktör tükürük transferidir. Çocukların Mutans streptokoklar’ı kazanımında ana kaynağın yakın temas nedeniyle anne olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak çocuktaki genotipler dikkate alındığında Mutans streptokoklar’ ın diğer kaynaklardan da transfer edilebileceği görülmüştür. Mutans streptokoklar’ ın geçişinde etkin kaynakların belirlenmesi diş çürüğünün önlenmesine dair stratejilerin geliştirilebilmesi için gereklidir Bu derlemenin amacı çocuklara Mutans streptokok geçişi ile ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesidir.

Keywords

Anne-çocuk ağız sağlığı Çürük riski Enfektivite penceresi Mutans Streptokoklar

References

  • Gülhan A, Sandallı N, Akıncı T, Üçok Z. İstanbul çevresindeki korunmaya muhtaç çocuklarda ağız ve diş sağlığı. Marmara Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 1985;8: 68-72.
  • Bilgin Z, Aras Ş, Çetiner S, Özalp N. Ankara’ da Farklı Sosyo Ekonomik Düzeydeki 2–6 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Süt Dişlerinde Çürük Sıklığı ve Biberon Çürüğü İnsidansı. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 1994; 21: 233–6.
  • Yılmaz B, Orbak R, Çanakçı V, Nişli O, Eminoğlu, A. Erzurum ve Düzce’de 6-12 yaş grubu bireylerde, CPITN, DF ve DMF indekslerini kullanarak periodontal hastalıkları ile diş çürüğünün değerlendirilmesi ve iki bölgenin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 1997; 7: 5-11
  • Özer L, Bilgin Z, Özalp N, Sarı Ş. Ankara ilinde 5-11 yaş grubu okul çocuklarında çürük prevalansının değerlendirilmesi. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003; 30: 133-9.
  • Tulunoğlu Ö, Bodur H, Ulusu T, Ciğer T, Odabaş M. Okul öncesi (3-6) ve okul çağındaki (7-8) çocuklarda diş yüzeylerindeki çürük dağılımının ve prevelansının değerlendirilmesi]. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003; 20: 11-6. olarak
  • Yazıcıoğlu AN, Yazıcıoğlu B, Öztaş B, Paksoy C, Babadağ M, Orhan, K. Tandoğan İlkokulu öğrencilerinin diş sağlığı göstergelerinde on yıldaki değişimin değerlendirilmesi (1985-1995). SÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 1997; 7: 17-21.
  • Koray F. Diş Çürükleri. İstanbul: Dünya Tıp Kitapevi, 1981, 7-34
  • van Houte J. Role of micro-organisms in caries etiology. J Dent Res 1994;73: 672-81.
  • Zero DT. Dental caries process. Dent Clin North Am 1999; 43: 635-64.
  • Aaltonen AS, Tenovuo J. Association between mother-infant salivary contacts and caries resistance in children: a cohort study. Pediatr Dent 1994; 16: 110-6.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Acquisition and transmission of mutans streptococci. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003; 31: 135-8.
  • Emanuelsson IR, Li Y, Bratthall D. Genotyping shows different strains of mutans streptococci between father and child and within parental pairs in Swedish families. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998;13: 271-7.
  • Mattos-Graner RO, Li Y, Caufield PW, Duncan M, Smith DJ. Genotypic diversity of mutans streptococci in Brazilian nursery children suggests horizontal transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2313-6.
  • Tedjosasongko U, Kozai K. Initial acquisition and transmission of mutans streptococci in children at day nursery. ASDC J Dent Child 2002; 69: 284- 288, 234-85.
  • Lindquist B, Emilson CG. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes and caries development in children to mothers harboring both species. Caries Res 2004; 38: 95-103.
  • Zhan L, Tan S, Den Besten P, Featherstone JD, Hoover CI. Factors related to maternal transmission of mutans streptococci in high-risk children-pilot study. Pediatr Dent 2012; 34: e86- 91.
  • Kohler B, Andreen I. Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in children after early maternal caries prevention: a follow-up at 19 years of age. Caries Res 2012; 46: 474-80.
  • Katre AN, Damle S. Comparison of mutans streptococcal strains of father, mother, and child in indian fingerprinting. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013:14: 911-6. chromosomal DNA
  • Law V, Seow WK. A longitudinal study of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel for removal of mutans streptococci infection in preschool children. Aust Dent J 2007; 52: 26-32.
  • Douglass JM, Li Y, Tinanoff N. Association of mutans streptococci between caregivers and their children. Pediatr Dent 2008: 30: 375-87.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Mutans streptococci: acquisition and transmission. Pediatr Dent 2006; 28; 106-109; discussion 192-208.
  • Qin M, Li J, Zhang S, Ma W. Risk factors for severe early childhood caries in children younger than 4 years old in Beijing, China. Pediatr Dent 2008;30: 122-8.
  • Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986; 50: 353- 80.
  • Doern CD, Burnham CA. It's not easy being green: the viridans group streptococci, with a focus on pediatric clinical manifestations. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 3829-35.
  • Tanzer JM, Livingston J, Thompson AM. The microbiology of primary dental caries in humans. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 1028-37.
  • Florio FM, Klein MI, Pereira AC, Goncalves BR. Time of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by human infants. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004; 28:303-8.
  • van Houte J, Yanover L, Brecher S. Relationship of levels of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in saliva of children and their parents. Arch Oral Biol 1981; 26: 381-6.
  • Caufield PW, Cutter GR, Dasanayake AP. Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: evidence for a discrete window of infectivity. J Dent Res 1993; 72: 37-45.
  • Li Y, Caufield PW. The fidelity of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants from their mothers. J Dent Res 1995; 74: 681-5.
  • Tenovuo J, Hakkinen P, Paunio P, Emilson CG. Effects of chlorhexidine-fluoride gel treatments in mothers on the establishment of mutans streptococci in primary teeth and the development of dental caries in children. Caries Res 1992; 26: 275-80.
  • Gunay H, Dmoch-Bockhorn K, Gunay Y, Geurtsen W. Effect on caries experience of a long-term preventive program for mothers and children starting during pregnancy. Clin Oral Investig 1998; 2: 137-42.
  • Dülgergil ÇT, Arıkan S, Doğan BG. Annedeki koruyucu uygulamaların çocuk çürüklerindeki etkisi: 5 yıllık saha çalışması sonuçları. Toplum Hekimliği Bülteni 2006; 25:15-21.
  • Beyar İ. Anneden bebeğine aktarılan çürük oluşturucu bakterilerin bebeğin ağız sağlığına etkileri. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003: 20; 57-63.
  • Carletto Korber FP, Cornejo LS, Gimenez MG. Early acquisition of Streptococcus mutans for children. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2005;18: 69-74.
  • Dasanayake AP, Caufield PW. Prevalence of dental caries in Sri Lankan aboriginal Veddha children. Int Dent J 2002; 52: 438-44.
  • Reich E, Lussi A, Newbrun E. Caries-risk assessment. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 15-26.
  • Gudino S, Rojas N, Castro C, Rodriguez M, Vega M, Lopez LM. Colonization of mutans streptococci in Costa Rican children from a high-risk population. J Dent Child (Chic) 2007; 74: 36-40.
  • Tankkunnasombut S, Youcharoen K, Wisuttisak W, Vichayanrat S, Tiranathanagul S. Early colonization of mutans streptococci in 2- to 36-month-old Thai children. Pediatr Dent 2009; 31: 47-51.
  • Slavkin HC. First encounters: transmission of infectious oral diseases from mother to child. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128: 773-8.
  • Mohan A, Morse DE, O'Sullivan DM, Tinanoff N. The relationship between bottle usage/content, age, and number of teeth with mutans streptococci colonization Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 12-20.
  • Wan AK, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. A longitudinal study of Streptococcus mutans colonization in infants after tooth eruption. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 504-8.
  • Carlen A, Olsson J, Borjesson AC. Saliva-mediated binding in vitro and prevalence in vivo of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 1996; 41: 35-9.
  • van Loveren C, Buijs JF, ten Cate JM. Similarity of bacteriocin activity profiles of mutans streptococci within the family when the children acquire the strains after the age of 5. Caries Res 2000; 34: 481-5.
  • Straetemans MM, van Loveren C, de Soet JJ, de Graaff J, ten Cate JM. Colonization with mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and the caries experience of children after the age of five. J Dent Res; 1998: 77: 1851-5.
  • Kohler B, Bratthall D. Intrafamilial levels of Streptococcus mutans and some aspects of the bacterial transmission. Scand J Dent Res 1978; 86: 35-42.
  • Caufield PW, Walker TM. Genetic diversity within Streptococcus mutans evident from chromosomal DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 274-8.
  • Adair SM. The Dynamics of Change: Epidemiology and mechanisms of dental disease. In: Pinkham, JR, Casamassimo PS, Fields HW, Mctigue DJ, Nowak AJ, Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Thorough Adolescence. 4. th ed. Mosby; 2005. Chapter12.
  • Sclavos S, Porter S, Kim Seow W. Future caries development in children with nursing bottle caries. J Pedod 1988; 13: 1-10.
  • Caufield PW. Dental caries--a transmissible and infectious disease revisited: a position paper. Pediatr Dent 1997; 19: 491-8.
  • Newbrun E. Preventing dental caries: breaking the chain of transmission. J Am Dent Assoc 1992; 123: 55-9.
  • Hames-Kocabas EE, Ucar F, Kocatas Ersin, N, Uzel A, Alpoz, AR. Colonization and vertical transmission of Streptococcus mutans in Turkish children. Microbiol Res 2008; 163: 168-72.
  • Lapirattanakul J, Nakano K, Nomura R, Hamada S, Nakagawa I, Ooshima T. Demonstration of mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans using multilocus sequence typing. Caries Res 2008; 42: 466-74.
  • Wan AK, Seow WK, Walsh LJ, Bird P, Tudehope DL,Purdie DM. Association of Streptococcus mutans infection and oral developmental nodules in pre-dentate infants. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1945- 8.
  • Li Y, Navia JM, Caufield PW. Colonization by mutans streptococci in the mouths of 3- and 4- year-old Chinese children with or without enamel hypoplasia. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39: 1057-62.
  • Lai PY, Seow WK, Tudehope DI, Rogers Y. Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in very-low birthweight children: a case-controlled, longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 1997; 19: 42-9.
  • Domejean S, Zhan L, DenBesten PK, Stamper J, Featherstone Boyce transmission of mutans streptococci in children. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 51-5. JD. Horizontal
  • Liu Y, Zou J, Shang R, Zhou XD. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans in 3- to 4-year- old Chinese nursery children suggests horizontal transmission. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52: 876-81.
  • Kohler B, Andreen I. Influence of caries-preventive measures in mothers on cariogenic bacteria and caries experience in their children. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39: 907-11.
  • Alamoudi NM, Hanno AG, Sabbagh HJ, Masoud MI, Almushayt AS, El Derwi DA. Impact of maternal xylitol consumption on mutans streptococci, plaque and caries levels in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012; 37: 163-6.
  • Nakai Y, Shinga-Ishihara C, Kaji M, Moriya K, Murakami-Yamanaka K, Takimura M. Xylitol gum and maternal transmission of mutans streptococci. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 56-60.

EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS TO CHILDREN: EFFECTIVE FACTORS AND WINDOW OF INFECTIVITY

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 71 - 76, 07.10.2015

Esra Kızılcı Nurhan Özalp

https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.33962

Abstract

Dental caries is a transmissible infectious disease. A group of phenotypically similar bacterias, that has been responsible bacterias for dental caries in humans, was determined and called Mutans streptococci. The colonization of Mutans streptococci. especially consist in a specific period which is continued between 19 and 31 months of children and called "window of infectivity". The saliva transfer is the main factor for transmission of Mutans streptococci.The major source for transmission of Mutans streptococci to children is thought to be their mothers due to intimate contact. However, considering of genotypes in children shown that Mutans streptococci may also be transferred from other sources. Essential to the development of strategies for the prevention of dental caries, the identification of effective sources must be known in transition of Mutans streptococci. The aim of this review is the determination of factors that associated with the transmission of the Mutans streptococci in children

Keywords

Mutans streptococci Caries risk Motherchild oral health window of infectivity

References

  • Gülhan A, Sandallı N, Akıncı T, Üçok Z. İstanbul çevresindeki korunmaya muhtaç çocuklarda ağız ve diş sağlığı. Marmara Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 1985;8: 68-72.
  • Bilgin Z, Aras Ş, Çetiner S, Özalp N. Ankara’ da Farklı Sosyo Ekonomik Düzeydeki 2–6 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Süt Dişlerinde Çürük Sıklığı ve Biberon Çürüğü İnsidansı. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 1994; 21: 233–6.
  • Yılmaz B, Orbak R, Çanakçı V, Nişli O, Eminoğlu, A. Erzurum ve Düzce’de 6-12 yaş grubu bireylerde, CPITN, DF ve DMF indekslerini kullanarak periodontal hastalıkları ile diş çürüğünün değerlendirilmesi ve iki bölgenin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 1997; 7: 5-11
  • Özer L, Bilgin Z, Özalp N, Sarı Ş. Ankara ilinde 5-11 yaş grubu okul çocuklarında çürük prevalansının değerlendirilmesi. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003; 30: 133-9.
  • Tulunoğlu Ö, Bodur H, Ulusu T, Ciğer T, Odabaş M. Okul öncesi (3-6) ve okul çağındaki (7-8) çocuklarda diş yüzeylerindeki çürük dağılımının ve prevelansının değerlendirilmesi]. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003; 20: 11-6. olarak
  • Yazıcıoğlu AN, Yazıcıoğlu B, Öztaş B, Paksoy C, Babadağ M, Orhan, K. Tandoğan İlkokulu öğrencilerinin diş sağlığı göstergelerinde on yıldaki değişimin değerlendirilmesi (1985-1995). SÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 1997; 7: 17-21.
  • Koray F. Diş Çürükleri. İstanbul: Dünya Tıp Kitapevi, 1981, 7-34
  • van Houte J. Role of micro-organisms in caries etiology. J Dent Res 1994;73: 672-81.
  • Zero DT. Dental caries process. Dent Clin North Am 1999; 43: 635-64.
  • Aaltonen AS, Tenovuo J. Association between mother-infant salivary contacts and caries resistance in children: a cohort study. Pediatr Dent 1994; 16: 110-6.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Acquisition and transmission of mutans streptococci. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003; 31: 135-8.
  • Emanuelsson IR, Li Y, Bratthall D. Genotyping shows different strains of mutans streptococci between father and child and within parental pairs in Swedish families. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998;13: 271-7.
  • Mattos-Graner RO, Li Y, Caufield PW, Duncan M, Smith DJ. Genotypic diversity of mutans streptococci in Brazilian nursery children suggests horizontal transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2313-6.
  • Tedjosasongko U, Kozai K. Initial acquisition and transmission of mutans streptococci in children at day nursery. ASDC J Dent Child 2002; 69: 284- 288, 234-85.
  • Lindquist B, Emilson CG. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes and caries development in children to mothers harboring both species. Caries Res 2004; 38: 95-103.
  • Zhan L, Tan S, Den Besten P, Featherstone JD, Hoover CI. Factors related to maternal transmission of mutans streptococci in high-risk children-pilot study. Pediatr Dent 2012; 34: e86- 91.
  • Kohler B, Andreen I. Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in children after early maternal caries prevention: a follow-up at 19 years of age. Caries Res 2012; 46: 474-80.
  • Katre AN, Damle S. Comparison of mutans streptococcal strains of father, mother, and child in indian fingerprinting. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013:14: 911-6. chromosomal DNA
  • Law V, Seow WK. A longitudinal study of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel for removal of mutans streptococci infection in preschool children. Aust Dent J 2007; 52: 26-32.
  • Douglass JM, Li Y, Tinanoff N. Association of mutans streptococci between caregivers and their children. Pediatr Dent 2008: 30: 375-87.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Mutans streptococci: acquisition and transmission. Pediatr Dent 2006; 28; 106-109; discussion 192-208.
  • Qin M, Li J, Zhang S, Ma W. Risk factors for severe early childhood caries in children younger than 4 years old in Beijing, China. Pediatr Dent 2008;30: 122-8.
  • Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986; 50: 353- 80.
  • Doern CD, Burnham CA. It's not easy being green: the viridans group streptococci, with a focus on pediatric clinical manifestations. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 3829-35.
  • Tanzer JM, Livingston J, Thompson AM. The microbiology of primary dental caries in humans. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 1028-37.
  • Florio FM, Klein MI, Pereira AC, Goncalves BR. Time of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by human infants. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004; 28:303-8.
  • van Houte J, Yanover L, Brecher S. Relationship of levels of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in saliva of children and their parents. Arch Oral Biol 1981; 26: 381-6.
  • Caufield PW, Cutter GR, Dasanayake AP. Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: evidence for a discrete window of infectivity. J Dent Res 1993; 72: 37-45.
  • Li Y, Caufield PW. The fidelity of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants from their mothers. J Dent Res 1995; 74: 681-5.
  • Tenovuo J, Hakkinen P, Paunio P, Emilson CG. Effects of chlorhexidine-fluoride gel treatments in mothers on the establishment of mutans streptococci in primary teeth and the development of dental caries in children. Caries Res 1992; 26: 275-80.
  • Gunay H, Dmoch-Bockhorn K, Gunay Y, Geurtsen W. Effect on caries experience of a long-term preventive program for mothers and children starting during pregnancy. Clin Oral Investig 1998; 2: 137-42.
  • Dülgergil ÇT, Arıkan S, Doğan BG. Annedeki koruyucu uygulamaların çocuk çürüklerindeki etkisi: 5 yıllık saha çalışması sonuçları. Toplum Hekimliği Bülteni 2006; 25:15-21.
  • Beyar İ. Anneden bebeğine aktarılan çürük oluşturucu bakterilerin bebeğin ağız sağlığına etkileri. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2003: 20; 57-63.
  • Carletto Korber FP, Cornejo LS, Gimenez MG. Early acquisition of Streptococcus mutans for children. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2005;18: 69-74.
  • Dasanayake AP, Caufield PW. Prevalence of dental caries in Sri Lankan aboriginal Veddha children. Int Dent J 2002; 52: 438-44.
  • Reich E, Lussi A, Newbrun E. Caries-risk assessment. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 15-26.
  • Gudino S, Rojas N, Castro C, Rodriguez M, Vega M, Lopez LM. Colonization of mutans streptococci in Costa Rican children from a high-risk population. J Dent Child (Chic) 2007; 74: 36-40.
  • Tankkunnasombut S, Youcharoen K, Wisuttisak W, Vichayanrat S, Tiranathanagul S. Early colonization of mutans streptococci in 2- to 36-month-old Thai children. Pediatr Dent 2009; 31: 47-51.
  • Slavkin HC. First encounters: transmission of infectious oral diseases from mother to child. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128: 773-8.
  • Mohan A, Morse DE, O'Sullivan DM, Tinanoff N. The relationship between bottle usage/content, age, and number of teeth with mutans streptococci colonization Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 12-20.
  • Wan AK, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. A longitudinal study of Streptococcus mutans colonization in infants after tooth eruption. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 504-8.
  • Carlen A, Olsson J, Borjesson AC. Saliva-mediated binding in vitro and prevalence in vivo of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 1996; 41: 35-9.
  • van Loveren C, Buijs JF, ten Cate JM. Similarity of bacteriocin activity profiles of mutans streptococci within the family when the children acquire the strains after the age of 5. Caries Res 2000; 34: 481-5.
  • Straetemans MM, van Loveren C, de Soet JJ, de Graaff J, ten Cate JM. Colonization with mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and the caries experience of children after the age of five. J Dent Res; 1998: 77: 1851-5.
  • Kohler B, Bratthall D. Intrafamilial levels of Streptococcus mutans and some aspects of the bacterial transmission. Scand J Dent Res 1978; 86: 35-42.
  • Caufield PW, Walker TM. Genetic diversity within Streptococcus mutans evident from chromosomal DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 274-8.
  • Adair SM. The Dynamics of Change: Epidemiology and mechanisms of dental disease. In: Pinkham, JR, Casamassimo PS, Fields HW, Mctigue DJ, Nowak AJ, Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Thorough Adolescence. 4. th ed. Mosby; 2005. Chapter12.
  • Sclavos S, Porter S, Kim Seow W. Future caries development in children with nursing bottle caries. J Pedod 1988; 13: 1-10.
  • Caufield PW. Dental caries--a transmissible and infectious disease revisited: a position paper. Pediatr Dent 1997; 19: 491-8.
  • Newbrun E. Preventing dental caries: breaking the chain of transmission. J Am Dent Assoc 1992; 123: 55-9.
  • Hames-Kocabas EE, Ucar F, Kocatas Ersin, N, Uzel A, Alpoz, AR. Colonization and vertical transmission of Streptococcus mutans in Turkish children. Microbiol Res 2008; 163: 168-72.
  • Lapirattanakul J, Nakano K, Nomura R, Hamada S, Nakagawa I, Ooshima T. Demonstration of mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans using multilocus sequence typing. Caries Res 2008; 42: 466-74.
  • Wan AK, Seow WK, Walsh LJ, Bird P, Tudehope DL,Purdie DM. Association of Streptococcus mutans infection and oral developmental nodules in pre-dentate infants. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1945- 8.
  • Li Y, Navia JM, Caufield PW. Colonization by mutans streptococci in the mouths of 3- and 4- year-old Chinese children with or without enamel hypoplasia. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39: 1057-62.
  • Lai PY, Seow WK, Tudehope DI, Rogers Y. Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in very-low birthweight children: a case-controlled, longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 1997; 19: 42-9.
  • Domejean S, Zhan L, DenBesten PK, Stamper J, Featherstone Boyce transmission of mutans streptococci in children. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 51-5. JD. Horizontal
  • Liu Y, Zou J, Shang R, Zhou XD. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans in 3- to 4-year- old Chinese nursery children suggests horizontal transmission. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52: 876-81.
  • Kohler B, Andreen I. Influence of caries-preventive measures in mothers on cariogenic bacteria and caries experience in their children. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39: 907-11.
  • Alamoudi NM, Hanno AG, Sabbagh HJ, Masoud MI, Almushayt AS, El Derwi DA. Impact of maternal xylitol consumption on mutans streptococci, plaque and caries levels in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012; 37: 163-6.
  • Nakai Y, Shinga-Ishihara C, Kaji M, Moriya K, Murakami-Yamanaka K, Takimura M. Xylitol gum and maternal transmission of mutans streptococci. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 56-60.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Kızılcı

Nurhan Özalp This is me

Publication Date October 7, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Supplement 11

Cite

APA Kızılcı, E., & Özalp, N. (2015). ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.33962
AMA Kızılcı E, Özalp N. ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. October 2015;25:71-76. doi:10.17567/dfd.33962
Chicago Kızılcı, Esra, and Nurhan Özalp. “ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25, October (October 2015): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.33962.
EndNote Kızılcı E, Özalp N (October 1, 2015) ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 71–76.
IEEE E. Kızılcı and N. Özalp, “ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 25, pp. 71–76, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.33962.
ISNAD Kızılcı, Esra - Özalp, Nurhan. “ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (October 2015), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.33962.
JAMA Kızılcı E, Özalp N. ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:71–76.
MLA Kızılcı, Esra and Nurhan Özalp. “ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, 2015, pp. 71-76, doi:10.17567/dfd.33962.
Vancouver Kızılcı E, Özalp N. ÇOCUKLARA STREPTOKOKKUS MUTANS GEÇİŞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENFEKTİVİTE PENCERESİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:71-6.

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