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APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASONICS IN DENTISTRY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 97 - 104, 07.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.46814

Abstract

Dentistry has always benefited from the development of new techniques and equipment, which have aimed to improve outcome and predictability of treatments. Innovations such as ultrasonics has found application of new devices in dentistry in recent years. This review aims at presenting the numerous uses of ultrasonic in clinical dentistry and emphasizes the broad applications in a modern-day dentistry practice

Dentistry has always benefited from the development of new techniques and equipment, which have aimed to improve outcome and predictability of treatments. Innovations such as ultrasonics has found application of new devices in dentistry in recent years. This review aims at presenting the numerous uses of ultrasonic in clinical dentistry and emphasizes the broad applications in a modern-day dentistry practice

References

  • Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod 2007;33:81-95.
  • Walmsley AD. Ultrasound and root canal treatment: the need for scientific evaluation. Int Endod J 1987;20:105-11.
  • Chen YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CP. Application and development of ultrasonics in dentistry. J Formos Med Assoc 2013;112:659-65. Le 4. Salmon B, Denmat D. Intraoral ultrasonography: development of a specific high- frequency probe and clinical pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16:643-9.
  • Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, et al. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry--a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013;115:819-32.
  • Cotti E, Campisi G, Ambu R, Dettori C. Ultrasound real-time imaging in the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2003;36:556-63.
  • Rajendran N, Sundaresan B. Efficacy of ultrasound and color power Doppler as a monitoring tool in the healing of endodontic periapical lesions. J Endod 2007;33:181-6.
  • Gundappa M, Ng SY, Whaites EJ. Comparison of ultrasound, digital and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006;35:326-33.
  • Olsen J, Papadaki M, Troulis M, Kaban LB, O'Neill MJ, Donoff B. Using ultrasound to visualize the lingual nerve. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:2295- 300.
  • Blessmann M, Pohlenz P, Blake FA, Lenard M, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Validation of a new training tool for ultrasound as a diagnostic modality in suspected midfacial fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;36:501-6.
  • Adeyemo WL, Akadiri OA. A systematic review of the diagnostic role of ultrasonography in maxillofacial fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:655-61.
  • Vieira AS, dos Santos MP, Antunes o LG, Maia LC. Preparation time and sealing effect of cavities prepared by an ultrasonic device and a high-speed diamond rotary cutting system. J Oral Sci 2007;49:207-11.
  • Vanderlei AD, Borges AL, Cavalcanti BN, Rode SM. Ultrasonic versus high-speed cavity preparation: analysis of increases in pulpal temperature and time to complete preparation. J Prosthet Dent
  • Laufer BZ, Pilo R, Cardash HS. Surface roughness of tooth shoulder preparations created by rotary instrumentation, hand planing, and ultrasonic oscillation. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:4-8.
  • Peutzfeldt A. Effect of the ultrasonic insertion technique on the seating of composite inlays. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52:51-4.
  • Walmsley AD, Lumley PJ. Applying composite luting agent ultrasonically: a successful alternative. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:1125-9.
  • Ozcan M, Mese A. Effect of ultrasonic versus manual cementation on the fracture strength of resin 2009;34:437-42. Oper Dent
  • Cantoro A, Goracci C, Coniglio I, Magni E, Polimeni A, Ferrari M. Influence of ultrasound application on inlays luting with self-adhesive resin cements. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15:617-23.
  • Meidinger DL, Kabes BJ. Foreign object removal utilizing the Cavi-Endo ultrasonic instrument. J Endod 1985;11:301-4.
  • Ward JR, Parashos P, Messer HH. Evaluation of an ultrasonic technique to remove fractured rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments from root canals: clinical cases. J Endod 2003;29:764-7.
  • Ward JR. The use of an ultrasonic technique to remove a fractured rotary nickel-titanium instrument from the apical third of a curved root canal. Aust Endod J 2003;29:25-30.
  • Smith BJ. Removal of fractured posts using ultrasonic vibration: an in vivo study. J Endod 2001;27:632-4.
  • Hauman CH, Chandler NP, Purton DG. Factors influencing the removal of posts. Int Endod J 2003;36:687-90.
  • Buoncristiani J, Seto BG, Caputo AA. Evaluation of ultrasonic and sonic instruments for intraradicular post removal. J Endod 1994;20:486-9.
  • Sempira HN, Hartwell GR. Frequency of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars as determined by use of an operating microscope: a clinical study. J Endod 2000;26:673-4.
  • Teplitsky PE, Chenail BL, Mack B, Machnee CH. Endodontic irrigation--a comparison of endosonic and syringe delivery systems. Int Endod J 1987;20:233-41.
  • Ram Z. Effectiveness of root canal irrigation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;44:306-12.
  • Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TJ, Crum LA. Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic streaming and its possible role. J Endod 1987;13:490-9.
  • van der Sluis LW, Gambarini G, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. The influence of volume, type of irrigant and flushing method on removing artificially placed dentine debris from the apical root canal during passive ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J 2006;39:472-6.
  • Ciucchi B, Khettabi M, Holz J. The effectiveness of different endodontic irrigation procedures on the removal of the smear layer: a scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J 1989;22:21-8.
  • Moreno A. Thermomechanically softened gutta- percha root canal filling. J Endod 1977;3:186-8.
  • Smith RB, Edmunds DH. Comparison of two endodontic handpieces during the preparation of root canals in extracted human teeth. Int Endod J 1998;31:22-31.
  • Prati C, Selighini M, Ferrieri P, Mongiorgi R. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different endodontic procedures on dentin morphology 1994;20:174-9. teeth. J Endod
  • Lumley PJ, Harrington E, Marquis PM, Walmsley AD. Intra-canal cutting ability of MM1500 files. Int Endod J 1996;29:309-14.
  • Barnett F, Trope M, Khoja M, Tronstad L. Bacteriologic status of the root canal after sonic, ultrasonic and hand instrumentation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:228-31.
  • Goldman M, White RR, Moser CR, Tenca JI. A comparison of three methods of cleaning and shaping the root canal in vitro. J Endod 1988;14:7- 12.
  • Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. Part I. Background and methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:145-53.
  • Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. Part II. Findings and clinical implications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
  • Algera TJ, Kleverlaan CJ, de Gee AJ, Prahl- Andersen B, Feilzer AJ. The influence of accelerating the setting rate by ultrasound or heat on the bond strength of glass ionomers used as orthodontic bracket cements. Eur J Orthod 2005;27:472-6.
  • Coldebella CR, Santos-Pinto L, Zuanon AC. Effect of ultrasonic excitation on the porosity of glass ionomer cement: a scanning electron microscope evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2011;74:54-7.
  • Lieblich SE. Endodontic surgery. Dent Clin North Am 2012;56:121-32.
  • Keller U. Aluminum oxide ceramic pins for retrograde root filling--experiences with a new system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69:737-42.
  • Waplington M, Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD, Blunt L. Cutting ability of an ultrasonic retrograde cavity preparation instrument. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:177-80.
  • Bernardes RA, de Souza Junior JV, Duarte MA, de Moraes IG, Bramante CM. Ultrasonic chemical vapor deposition-coated tip versus high- and low- speed carbide burs for apicoectomy: time required for resection and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the root-end surfaces. J Endod 2009;35:265-8.
  • Wuchenich G, Meadows D, Torabinejad M. A comparison between two root end preparation techniques in human cadavers. J Endod 1994;20:279-82.
  • Mehlhaff DS, Marshall JG, Baumgartner JC. Comparison of ultrasonic and high-speed-bur root- end preparations using bilaterally matched teeth. J Endod 1997;23:448-52.
  • Zuolo ML, Perin FR, Ferreira MO, de Faria FP. Ultrasonic root-end preparation with smooth and diamond-coated tips. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15:265-8.
  • Schlee M, Steigmann M, Bratu E, Garg AK. Piezosurgery: basics and possibilities. Implant Dent 2006;15:334-40.
  • Oosterwaal PJ, Matee MI, Mikx FH, van 't Hof MA, Renggli HH. The effect of subgingival debridement with hand and ultrasonic instruments on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:528-33.
  • Tunkel J, Heinecke A, Flemmig TF. A systematic review of efficacy of machine-driven and manual subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29 Suppl 3:72-81; discussion 90-1.
  • Rees JS, Addy M, Hughes J. An in vitro assessment of the dentine lost during instrumentation using the Periosonic system. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26:106-9.
  • Lavespere JE, Yukna RA, Rice DA, LeBlanc DM. Root surface removal with diamond-coated ultrasonic instruments: an in vitro and SEM study. J Periodontol 1996;67:1281-7.
  • Sugaya T, Kawanami M, Kato H. Effects of debridement with an ultrasonic furcation tip in degree II furcation involvement of mandibular molars. J Int Acad Periodontol 2002;4:138-42.
  • Oda S, Ishikawa I. In vitro effectiveness of a newly-designed ultrasonic scaler tip for furcation areas. J Periodontol 1989;60:634-9.

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME

Year 2015, Supplement 11, 97 - 104, 07.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.46814

Abstract

Diş hekimliğinde yeni cihazların ve teknolojilerin araştırılması her zaman ilgi çekmektedir. Yapılan yeniliklerle, uygulanan tedavilerin sonuçlarının ve öngörülebilirliğinin iyileştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Son yıllarda diş hekimliğinde ultrasonikler yeni uygulama alanı bulan cihazlardandır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ultrasoniklerin çalışma prensipleri ve dental uygulama alanları hakkında bilgi vermektir.Ultrasonik cihazlar insanın duyma sınırı olan 20 kHz’in üzerinde çalışan aletlerdir. Ultrasonik kulanımının mekanizması elektrik enerjisinin hızlı titreşimler halinde mekanik enerjiye dönüşümüne dayanmaktadır.1 Ultrasonik hareket üreten iki temel yöntem vardır.2 Bunlardan birincisi magnetostriktif etki yöntemidir; magnetostriktif etki, bazı ferromagnetik materyallerin elektromagnetik bir alanda boyutsal değişim göstermesine denmektedir. Ġkinci yöntem ise piezoelektrik etki yöntemidir; piezoelektrik etki, bazı kristallerin mekanik baskı veya gerilime maruz kaldığında elektrik açığa çıkarmasına denmektedir. 

References

  • Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod 2007;33:81-95.
  • Walmsley AD. Ultrasound and root canal treatment: the need for scientific evaluation. Int Endod J 1987;20:105-11.
  • Chen YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CP. Application and development of ultrasonics in dentistry. J Formos Med Assoc 2013;112:659-65. Le 4. Salmon B, Denmat D. Intraoral ultrasonography: development of a specific high- frequency probe and clinical pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16:643-9.
  • Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, et al. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry--a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013;115:819-32.
  • Cotti E, Campisi G, Ambu R, Dettori C. Ultrasound real-time imaging in the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2003;36:556-63.
  • Rajendran N, Sundaresan B. Efficacy of ultrasound and color power Doppler as a monitoring tool in the healing of endodontic periapical lesions. J Endod 2007;33:181-6.
  • Gundappa M, Ng SY, Whaites EJ. Comparison of ultrasound, digital and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006;35:326-33.
  • Olsen J, Papadaki M, Troulis M, Kaban LB, O'Neill MJ, Donoff B. Using ultrasound to visualize the lingual nerve. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:2295- 300.
  • Blessmann M, Pohlenz P, Blake FA, Lenard M, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Validation of a new training tool for ultrasound as a diagnostic modality in suspected midfacial fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;36:501-6.
  • Adeyemo WL, Akadiri OA. A systematic review of the diagnostic role of ultrasonography in maxillofacial fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:655-61.
  • Vieira AS, dos Santos MP, Antunes o LG, Maia LC. Preparation time and sealing effect of cavities prepared by an ultrasonic device and a high-speed diamond rotary cutting system. J Oral Sci 2007;49:207-11.
  • Vanderlei AD, Borges AL, Cavalcanti BN, Rode SM. Ultrasonic versus high-speed cavity preparation: analysis of increases in pulpal temperature and time to complete preparation. J Prosthet Dent
  • Laufer BZ, Pilo R, Cardash HS. Surface roughness of tooth shoulder preparations created by rotary instrumentation, hand planing, and ultrasonic oscillation. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:4-8.
  • Peutzfeldt A. Effect of the ultrasonic insertion technique on the seating of composite inlays. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52:51-4.
  • Walmsley AD, Lumley PJ. Applying composite luting agent ultrasonically: a successful alternative. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:1125-9.
  • Ozcan M, Mese A. Effect of ultrasonic versus manual cementation on the fracture strength of resin 2009;34:437-42. Oper Dent
  • Cantoro A, Goracci C, Coniglio I, Magni E, Polimeni A, Ferrari M. Influence of ultrasound application on inlays luting with self-adhesive resin cements. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15:617-23.
  • Meidinger DL, Kabes BJ. Foreign object removal utilizing the Cavi-Endo ultrasonic instrument. J Endod 1985;11:301-4.
  • Ward JR, Parashos P, Messer HH. Evaluation of an ultrasonic technique to remove fractured rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments from root canals: clinical cases. J Endod 2003;29:764-7.
  • Ward JR. The use of an ultrasonic technique to remove a fractured rotary nickel-titanium instrument from the apical third of a curved root canal. Aust Endod J 2003;29:25-30.
  • Smith BJ. Removal of fractured posts using ultrasonic vibration: an in vivo study. J Endod 2001;27:632-4.
  • Hauman CH, Chandler NP, Purton DG. Factors influencing the removal of posts. Int Endod J 2003;36:687-90.
  • Buoncristiani J, Seto BG, Caputo AA. Evaluation of ultrasonic and sonic instruments for intraradicular post removal. J Endod 1994;20:486-9.
  • Sempira HN, Hartwell GR. Frequency of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars as determined by use of an operating microscope: a clinical study. J Endod 2000;26:673-4.
  • Teplitsky PE, Chenail BL, Mack B, Machnee CH. Endodontic irrigation--a comparison of endosonic and syringe delivery systems. Int Endod J 1987;20:233-41.
  • Ram Z. Effectiveness of root canal irrigation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;44:306-12.
  • Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TJ, Crum LA. Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic streaming and its possible role. J Endod 1987;13:490-9.
  • van der Sluis LW, Gambarini G, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. The influence of volume, type of irrigant and flushing method on removing artificially placed dentine debris from the apical root canal during passive ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J 2006;39:472-6.
  • Ciucchi B, Khettabi M, Holz J. The effectiveness of different endodontic irrigation procedures on the removal of the smear layer: a scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J 1989;22:21-8.
  • Moreno A. Thermomechanically softened gutta- percha root canal filling. J Endod 1977;3:186-8.
  • Smith RB, Edmunds DH. Comparison of two endodontic handpieces during the preparation of root canals in extracted human teeth. Int Endod J 1998;31:22-31.
  • Prati C, Selighini M, Ferrieri P, Mongiorgi R. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different endodontic procedures on dentin morphology 1994;20:174-9. teeth. J Endod
  • Lumley PJ, Harrington E, Marquis PM, Walmsley AD. Intra-canal cutting ability of MM1500 files. Int Endod J 1996;29:309-14.
  • Barnett F, Trope M, Khoja M, Tronstad L. Bacteriologic status of the root canal after sonic, ultrasonic and hand instrumentation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:228-31.
  • Goldman M, White RR, Moser CR, Tenca JI. A comparison of three methods of cleaning and shaping the root canal in vitro. J Endod 1988;14:7- 12.
  • Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. Part I. Background and methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:145-53.
  • Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. Part II. Findings and clinical implications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
  • Algera TJ, Kleverlaan CJ, de Gee AJ, Prahl- Andersen B, Feilzer AJ. The influence of accelerating the setting rate by ultrasound or heat on the bond strength of glass ionomers used as orthodontic bracket cements. Eur J Orthod 2005;27:472-6.
  • Coldebella CR, Santos-Pinto L, Zuanon AC. Effect of ultrasonic excitation on the porosity of glass ionomer cement: a scanning electron microscope evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2011;74:54-7.
  • Lieblich SE. Endodontic surgery. Dent Clin North Am 2012;56:121-32.
  • Keller U. Aluminum oxide ceramic pins for retrograde root filling--experiences with a new system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69:737-42.
  • Waplington M, Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD, Blunt L. Cutting ability of an ultrasonic retrograde cavity preparation instrument. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:177-80.
  • Bernardes RA, de Souza Junior JV, Duarte MA, de Moraes IG, Bramante CM. Ultrasonic chemical vapor deposition-coated tip versus high- and low- speed carbide burs for apicoectomy: time required for resection and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the root-end surfaces. J Endod 2009;35:265-8.
  • Wuchenich G, Meadows D, Torabinejad M. A comparison between two root end preparation techniques in human cadavers. J Endod 1994;20:279-82.
  • Mehlhaff DS, Marshall JG, Baumgartner JC. Comparison of ultrasonic and high-speed-bur root- end preparations using bilaterally matched teeth. J Endod 1997;23:448-52.
  • Zuolo ML, Perin FR, Ferreira MO, de Faria FP. Ultrasonic root-end preparation with smooth and diamond-coated tips. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15:265-8.
  • Schlee M, Steigmann M, Bratu E, Garg AK. Piezosurgery: basics and possibilities. Implant Dent 2006;15:334-40.
  • Oosterwaal PJ, Matee MI, Mikx FH, van 't Hof MA, Renggli HH. The effect of subgingival debridement with hand and ultrasonic instruments on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:528-33.
  • Tunkel J, Heinecke A, Flemmig TF. A systematic review of efficacy of machine-driven and manual subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29 Suppl 3:72-81; discussion 90-1.
  • Rees JS, Addy M, Hughes J. An in vitro assessment of the dentine lost during instrumentation using the Periosonic system. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26:106-9.
  • Lavespere JE, Yukna RA, Rice DA, LeBlanc DM. Root surface removal with diamond-coated ultrasonic instruments: an in vitro and SEM study. J Periodontol 1996;67:1281-7.
  • Sugaya T, Kawanami M, Kato H. Effects of debridement with an ultrasonic furcation tip in degree II furcation involvement of mandibular molars. J Int Acad Periodontol 2002;4:138-42.
  • Oda S, Ishikawa I. In vitro effectiveness of a newly-designed ultrasonic scaler tip for furcation areas. J Periodontol 1989;60:634-9.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Adıgüzel This is me

Fuat Ahmetoğlu This is me

Halenur Onat Altan This is me

Publication Date October 7, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Supplement 11

Cite

APA Adıgüzel, M., Ahmetoğlu, F., & Onat Altan, H. (2015). DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 97-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.46814
AMA Adıgüzel M, Ahmetoğlu F, Onat Altan H. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. October 2015;25:97-104. doi:10.17567/dfd.46814
Chicago Adıgüzel, Mehmet, Fuat Ahmetoğlu, and Halenur Onat Altan. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25, October (October 2015): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.46814.
EndNote Adıgüzel M, Ahmetoğlu F, Onat Altan H (October 1, 2015) DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 97–104.
IEEE M. Adıgüzel, F. Ahmetoğlu, and H. Onat Altan, “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 25, pp. 97–104, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.46814.
ISNAD Adıgüzel, Mehmet et al. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (October 2015), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.46814.
JAMA Adıgüzel M, Ahmetoğlu F, Onat Altan H. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:97–104.
MLA Adıgüzel, Mehmet et al. “DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, 2015, pp. 97-104, doi:10.17567/dfd.46814.
Vancouver Adıgüzel M, Ahmetoğlu F, Onat Altan H. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ULTRASONİK KULLANIMI: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:97-104.

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