Review
BibTex RIS Cite

ROLE OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IN ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS

Year 2015, Supplement 12, 117 - 122, 24.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.98762

Abstract

Endodontic infections are polymicrobial infections dominated by anaerobic species. The endodontic microflora has been traditionally investigated by microbiologic culture methods, which have been demonstrated to have several limitations when it comes to microbiological diagnosis. More recently, not only have findings from culture-based methods been confirmed, but they have also been significantly supplemented with those from culture-independent molecular genetic techniques. The results from molecular genetic studies impact remarkably on the knowledge of bacterial diversity in endodontic infections. Present review focuses on the role of molecular genetic techniques in endodontic infections

References

  • Spratt DA. Significance of Bacterial Identification by Molecular Biology Methods. Endod Top 2004;9:5-14.
  • Baumgartner JC, Hutter JW, Siqueira JF, Jr. Pathways of the Pulp. 9 ed. St. Louis; Mosby: 2006. p. 580-607.
  • Chow AW. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Pennsylvania; Churchill Livingstone: 2000. p. 689-702.
  • Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, Sargent M, Gill SR, Nelson KE, Relman DA. Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora. Science 2005;308:1635-8.
  • Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Moeschberger ML, Leys EJ. Identification of Candidate Periodontal Pathogens and Beneficial Species by Quantitative 16S Clonal Analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:3944-55.
  • Paster BJ1, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Sahasrabudhe A, Dewhirst FE. Bacterial Diversity in Human Subgingival Plaque. J Bacteriol 200;183:3770-83.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 1- Current Molecular Technologies for Microbiological Diagnosis. J Endod 2005;31:411-23.
  • Sakamoto M, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Benno Y. Molecular Analysis of Bacteria in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2006;21:112-22.
  • Rolph HJ, Lennon A, Riggio MP, Saunders WP, MacKenzie D, Coldero L, Bagg J. Molecular Identification of Microorganisms from Endodontic Infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3282-9.
  • Ozbek SM, Ozbek A, Yavuz SM. Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Symptomatic Periodontitis Lesions by Real-Time PCR. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013;18:811–6. Apical
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. PCR Methodology as a Valuable Tool for Identification of Endodontic Pathogens. J Dent 2003;31:333-9.
  • Ulusoy AÖİ, Görgül G. Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) ve Endodontik Mikrobiyoloji. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2006;16:61-5.
  • Arı Ş. Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Yöntemler. İstanbul; Nobel Tıp Kitap Evleri: 2004. p. 101-20.
  • Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, Arnheim N. Enzymatic Application of Beta-Globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia. Science 1985;230:1350-4.
  • Niederhauser C, Höfelein C, Wegmüller B, Lüthy J, Candrian U. Reliability PCR Decontamination Systems. PCR Methods and Applications 1994;4:117-23.
  • Atlas RM, Bej AK. Methods for General and Molecular American Society for Microbiology: 1994. p. 418- 35. Washington, D.C;
  • Cashion Ak, Driscoll Cj, Sabek O. Emerging Genetic Technologies in Clinical and Research Settings. Biol Res For Nurs 2004;5:159-67.
  • Mackay IM. Real Time PCR in the Microbiology Laboratory. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10:190- 212.
  • Sundqvist G. Associations Between Microbial Species in Dental Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7:257-62.
  • Lana MA, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP, Stehling R, Garcia GD, Silva BK, Hamdan JS, Nicoli JR, Carvalho MA, Farias Lde M. Microorganisms Isolated from Root Canals Presenting Necrotic Pulp and their Drug Susceptibility In Vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2001;16:100-5.
  • Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Van Winkelhoff AJ. Combinations of Bacterial Species in Endodontic Infections. Int Endod J 2002;35:698-702.
  • Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Black- Pigmented Bacteroides Spp. in Human Apical Periodontitis. Infect Immun 1986;53:149-53.
  • Yoshida M, Fukushima H, Yamamoto K, Ogawa K, Toda T, Hirosuke S. Correlation Between Clinical Symptoms and Microorganisms isolated from Root Canals of Teeth with Periapical Pathosis. J Endod 1987;13:24-8.
  • Hashioka K, Yamasaki M, Nakane A, Horiba N, Nakamura H. The Relationship Between Clinical Symptoms and Anaeropic Bacteria from Infected Root Canals. J Endod 1992;18:558-61.
  • Gomes BPFA, Lilley JD, Drucker DB. Clinical Significance of Dental Root Canal Microflora. J Dent 1996;24:47-55.
  • Drancourt M, Bollet C, Carlioz A, Martelin R, Gayral JP, Raoult D. 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis of a Large Collection of Environmental and Clinical Unidentifiable Bacterial Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:3623-30.
  • Santala AM, Sarkonen N, Hall V, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, Könönen E. Evaluation of Four Commercial Test Systems for Identification of Actinomyces and Some Closely Related Species. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:418-20.
  • Conrads G, Gharbia SE, Gulabivala K, Lampert F, Shah HN. The Use of a 16S rDNA Directed PCR for the Detection of Endodontopathogenic Bacteria. J Endod 1997;23:433-38.
  • Gharbia SE, Haapasalo M, Shah HN, Kotiranta A, Lounatmaa K, Pearce MA, Devine DA. Characterization of Prevotella Intermedia and Prevotella Nigrescens Isolated from Periodontic and Endodontic Infections. J Periodontol 1994;65:56-61.
  • Baumgartner JC, Bae KS, Xia T, Whitt J, David LL. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differentiation of Prevotella Intermedia and Prevotella Nigrescens. J Endod 1999;25:324-8.
  • Dymock D, Weightman Aj, Scully C, Wade Wg. Molecular Analysis of Microflora Associated with Dentoalveolar Abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:537-42.
  • Sunde PT, Tronstad L, Eribe ER, Lind PO, Olsen I. Assesment of Periradicular Microbiota by DNA- DNA Hybridization. Endod Dent Traumatol 2000;16:191-6.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Rosado AS. Application of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to the Analysis of Endodontic İnfections. J Endod 2005;31:775-82.
  • Oliveira JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Baumgartner JC, Xia T, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS. Bacterial Community Profiles of Endodontic Abscesses from Brazilian and USA Subjects as Compared by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:14-8.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 2– Redefining the Endodontic Microbiota. J Endod 2005;31:488-98.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Bacteroides Forsythus in Primary Endodontic Infections as Detected by Nested PCR. J Endod 2003;29:390-3.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M, Colombo AP. Microbiological Evaluation of Acute Periradicular Hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Patbol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92:451-7. by DNA-DNA
  • Vianna ME, Horz HP, Gomes BP, Conrads G. Microarrays Complement Culture Methods for Identification of Bacteria in Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005;20:253-8.
  • Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Identification of Dialister Pneumosintes in Acute Periradicular Abscesses of Humans by Nested PCR. Anaerobe 2002;8:75-8.
  • Saito D, Leonardo Rde T, Rodrigues JL, Tsai SM, Höfling JF, Gonçalves RB. Identification of Bacteria in Endodontic İnfections by Sequence Analysis of 16S rDNA Clone Libraries. J Med Microbiol 2006;55:101-7.
  • Moraes SR, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Ferreira MC, Domingues RM. Clonality of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002;17:394-6.
  • Trope M, Tronstad L, Rosenberg ES, Listgarten M. Darkfield Microscopy as a Diagnostic Aid in Differentiating Exudates from Endodontic and Periodontal Abscesses. J Endod 1988;14:35-8.
  • Nair PNR. Light and Electron Microscopic Studies of Root Canal Flora and Periapical Lesions. J Endod 1987;13:29-39.
  • Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Sedgley CM, Kıshen A. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6 ed. Hamiliton, CA; BC Decker, Inc: 2008. p. 221-308.
  • Sundqvist GK. Associations between Microbial Species in Dental Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7:257-62.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Detection of Filifactor Alocis in Endodontic Infections associated with Different Forms of Periradicular Diseases. Oral Microbiol Lmmunol 2003;18:263-5.
  • Xia T, Baumgartner JC, David LL. Isolation and Identification of Prevotella Tannerae from Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000;15:273-5.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M, Colombo AP. Microbiologicial Evaluation of Acute Periradicular Hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92:451-7. by DNA-DNA
  • Fouad AF, Kum KY, Clawson ML, Barry J, Abenoja C, Zhu Q, Caimano M, Radolf JD. Molecular Characterization of The Presence of Eubacterium Spp. and Streptococcus Spp. in Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18:249- 55.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Nested PCR Detection of Centipeda Periodontii in Primary Endodontic Infections. J Endod 2004;30:135-37.
  • Shindell E. Studies on The Possible Presence of A Virus in Subacute and Chronic Periapical Granulomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1962;15:1382–4.
  • Parra B, Slots J. Detection of Human Viruses in Periodontal Pockets Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996;11:289– 93.
  • Contreras A, Slots J. Mammalian Viruses in Human Periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996;11:381–6.
  • Sabeti M, Simon JH, Slots J. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Symptomatic Periapical Pathosis. Oral Microbiol are Immunol 2003;18:327–8. associated with
  • Sabeti M, Valles Y, Nowzari H, Simon JH, Kermani-Arab V, Slots J. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Endodontic Symptomatic Lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18:104–8. Transcription in
  • Slots J, Sabeti M, Simon JH. Herpesviruses in Periapical Relationship? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:327–31. Etiopathogenic
  • Li H, Chen V, Chen Y, Baumgartner JC, Machida CA. Herpesviruses in Endodontic Pathoses: Association of Epstein-Barr Virus with Irreversible Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2009;35:23–9.
  • Hernádi K, Szalmás A, Mogyorósi R, Czompa L, Veress G, Csoma E, Márton I, Kónya J. Prevalence and Activity of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis Lesions. J Endod 2010;36:1485–9. Symptomatic and
  • Ozbek A, Ozbek SM. Detection of Herpesviruses and Human Papillomavirus in Acute Apical Abscesses by Real-Time PCR. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19:343–7.

ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ

Year 2015, Supplement 12, 117 - 122, 24.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.98762

Abstract

ÖZET 

Endodontik enfeksiyonlar anaerobik türlerin baskın olarak bulunduğu polimikrobiyal enfeksiyonlardır. Geleneksel olarak endodontik mikroflora, mikrobiyolo- jik kültür yöntemleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ancak bu yöntemlerin mikrobiyolojik tanıda kısıtlı kalabildiği belirtilmektedir. Son yıllarda kültürden bağımsız moleküler genetik yöntemlerin kullanılması ile hem kültür temelli çalışmaların sonuçları desteklenmiş, hem de bu sonuçlara önemli derecede ilave bilgiler eklemiştir. Moleküler genetik çalışmaların sonuçları endodontik enfeksiyonlardaki bakteriyel çeşitlilik hakkındaki bilgilerin artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu derleme endodontik enfeksiyonlarda moleküler genetik yöntemlerin rolü hakkında bilgi sunmaktadır. 

References

  • Spratt DA. Significance of Bacterial Identification by Molecular Biology Methods. Endod Top 2004;9:5-14.
  • Baumgartner JC, Hutter JW, Siqueira JF, Jr. Pathways of the Pulp. 9 ed. St. Louis; Mosby: 2006. p. 580-607.
  • Chow AW. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Pennsylvania; Churchill Livingstone: 2000. p. 689-702.
  • Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, Sargent M, Gill SR, Nelson KE, Relman DA. Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora. Science 2005;308:1635-8.
  • Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Moeschberger ML, Leys EJ. Identification of Candidate Periodontal Pathogens and Beneficial Species by Quantitative 16S Clonal Analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:3944-55.
  • Paster BJ1, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Sahasrabudhe A, Dewhirst FE. Bacterial Diversity in Human Subgingival Plaque. J Bacteriol 200;183:3770-83.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 1- Current Molecular Technologies for Microbiological Diagnosis. J Endod 2005;31:411-23.
  • Sakamoto M, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Benno Y. Molecular Analysis of Bacteria in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2006;21:112-22.
  • Rolph HJ, Lennon A, Riggio MP, Saunders WP, MacKenzie D, Coldero L, Bagg J. Molecular Identification of Microorganisms from Endodontic Infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3282-9.
  • Ozbek SM, Ozbek A, Yavuz SM. Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Symptomatic Periodontitis Lesions by Real-Time PCR. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013;18:811–6. Apical
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. PCR Methodology as a Valuable Tool for Identification of Endodontic Pathogens. J Dent 2003;31:333-9.
  • Ulusoy AÖİ, Görgül G. Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) ve Endodontik Mikrobiyoloji. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2006;16:61-5.
  • Arı Ş. Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Yöntemler. İstanbul; Nobel Tıp Kitap Evleri: 2004. p. 101-20.
  • Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, Arnheim N. Enzymatic Application of Beta-Globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia. Science 1985;230:1350-4.
  • Niederhauser C, Höfelein C, Wegmüller B, Lüthy J, Candrian U. Reliability PCR Decontamination Systems. PCR Methods and Applications 1994;4:117-23.
  • Atlas RM, Bej AK. Methods for General and Molecular American Society for Microbiology: 1994. p. 418- 35. Washington, D.C;
  • Cashion Ak, Driscoll Cj, Sabek O. Emerging Genetic Technologies in Clinical and Research Settings. Biol Res For Nurs 2004;5:159-67.
  • Mackay IM. Real Time PCR in the Microbiology Laboratory. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10:190- 212.
  • Sundqvist G. Associations Between Microbial Species in Dental Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7:257-62.
  • Lana MA, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP, Stehling R, Garcia GD, Silva BK, Hamdan JS, Nicoli JR, Carvalho MA, Farias Lde M. Microorganisms Isolated from Root Canals Presenting Necrotic Pulp and their Drug Susceptibility In Vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2001;16:100-5.
  • Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Van Winkelhoff AJ. Combinations of Bacterial Species in Endodontic Infections. Int Endod J 2002;35:698-702.
  • Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Black- Pigmented Bacteroides Spp. in Human Apical Periodontitis. Infect Immun 1986;53:149-53.
  • Yoshida M, Fukushima H, Yamamoto K, Ogawa K, Toda T, Hirosuke S. Correlation Between Clinical Symptoms and Microorganisms isolated from Root Canals of Teeth with Periapical Pathosis. J Endod 1987;13:24-8.
  • Hashioka K, Yamasaki M, Nakane A, Horiba N, Nakamura H. The Relationship Between Clinical Symptoms and Anaeropic Bacteria from Infected Root Canals. J Endod 1992;18:558-61.
  • Gomes BPFA, Lilley JD, Drucker DB. Clinical Significance of Dental Root Canal Microflora. J Dent 1996;24:47-55.
  • Drancourt M, Bollet C, Carlioz A, Martelin R, Gayral JP, Raoult D. 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis of a Large Collection of Environmental and Clinical Unidentifiable Bacterial Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:3623-30.
  • Santala AM, Sarkonen N, Hall V, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, Könönen E. Evaluation of Four Commercial Test Systems for Identification of Actinomyces and Some Closely Related Species. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:418-20.
  • Conrads G, Gharbia SE, Gulabivala K, Lampert F, Shah HN. The Use of a 16S rDNA Directed PCR for the Detection of Endodontopathogenic Bacteria. J Endod 1997;23:433-38.
  • Gharbia SE, Haapasalo M, Shah HN, Kotiranta A, Lounatmaa K, Pearce MA, Devine DA. Characterization of Prevotella Intermedia and Prevotella Nigrescens Isolated from Periodontic and Endodontic Infections. J Periodontol 1994;65:56-61.
  • Baumgartner JC, Bae KS, Xia T, Whitt J, David LL. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differentiation of Prevotella Intermedia and Prevotella Nigrescens. J Endod 1999;25:324-8.
  • Dymock D, Weightman Aj, Scully C, Wade Wg. Molecular Analysis of Microflora Associated with Dentoalveolar Abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:537-42.
  • Sunde PT, Tronstad L, Eribe ER, Lind PO, Olsen I. Assesment of Periradicular Microbiota by DNA- DNA Hybridization. Endod Dent Traumatol 2000;16:191-6.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Rosado AS. Application of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to the Analysis of Endodontic İnfections. J Endod 2005;31:775-82.
  • Oliveira JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Baumgartner JC, Xia T, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS. Bacterial Community Profiles of Endodontic Abscesses from Brazilian and USA Subjects as Compared by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:14-8.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 2– Redefining the Endodontic Microbiota. J Endod 2005;31:488-98.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Bacteroides Forsythus in Primary Endodontic Infections as Detected by Nested PCR. J Endod 2003;29:390-3.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M, Colombo AP. Microbiological Evaluation of Acute Periradicular Hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Patbol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92:451-7. by DNA-DNA
  • Vianna ME, Horz HP, Gomes BP, Conrads G. Microarrays Complement Culture Methods for Identification of Bacteria in Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005;20:253-8.
  • Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Identification of Dialister Pneumosintes in Acute Periradicular Abscesses of Humans by Nested PCR. Anaerobe 2002;8:75-8.
  • Saito D, Leonardo Rde T, Rodrigues JL, Tsai SM, Höfling JF, Gonçalves RB. Identification of Bacteria in Endodontic İnfections by Sequence Analysis of 16S rDNA Clone Libraries. J Med Microbiol 2006;55:101-7.
  • Moraes SR, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Ferreira MC, Domingues RM. Clonality of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002;17:394-6.
  • Trope M, Tronstad L, Rosenberg ES, Listgarten M. Darkfield Microscopy as a Diagnostic Aid in Differentiating Exudates from Endodontic and Periodontal Abscesses. J Endod 1988;14:35-8.
  • Nair PNR. Light and Electron Microscopic Studies of Root Canal Flora and Periapical Lesions. J Endod 1987;13:29-39.
  • Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Sedgley CM, Kıshen A. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6 ed. Hamiliton, CA; BC Decker, Inc: 2008. p. 221-308.
  • Sundqvist GK. Associations between Microbial Species in Dental Root Canal Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7:257-62.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Detection of Filifactor Alocis in Endodontic Infections associated with Different Forms of Periradicular Diseases. Oral Microbiol Lmmunol 2003;18:263-5.
  • Xia T, Baumgartner JC, David LL. Isolation and Identification of Prevotella Tannerae from Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000;15:273-5.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M, Colombo AP. Microbiologicial Evaluation of Acute Periradicular Hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92:451-7. by DNA-DNA
  • Fouad AF, Kum KY, Clawson ML, Barry J, Abenoja C, Zhu Q, Caimano M, Radolf JD. Molecular Characterization of The Presence of Eubacterium Spp. and Streptococcus Spp. in Endodontic Infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18:249- 55.
  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Nested PCR Detection of Centipeda Periodontii in Primary Endodontic Infections. J Endod 2004;30:135-37.
  • Shindell E. Studies on The Possible Presence of A Virus in Subacute and Chronic Periapical Granulomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1962;15:1382–4.
  • Parra B, Slots J. Detection of Human Viruses in Periodontal Pockets Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996;11:289– 93.
  • Contreras A, Slots J. Mammalian Viruses in Human Periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996;11:381–6.
  • Sabeti M, Simon JH, Slots J. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Symptomatic Periapical Pathosis. Oral Microbiol are Immunol 2003;18:327–8. associated with
  • Sabeti M, Valles Y, Nowzari H, Simon JH, Kermani-Arab V, Slots J. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Endodontic Symptomatic Lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18:104–8. Transcription in
  • Slots J, Sabeti M, Simon JH. Herpesviruses in Periapical Relationship? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:327–31. Etiopathogenic
  • Li H, Chen V, Chen Y, Baumgartner JC, Machida CA. Herpesviruses in Endodontic Pathoses: Association of Epstein-Barr Virus with Irreversible Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2009;35:23–9.
  • Hernádi K, Szalmás A, Mogyorósi R, Czompa L, Veress G, Csoma E, Márton I, Kónya J. Prevalence and Activity of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis Lesions. J Endod 2010;36:1485–9. Symptomatic and
  • Ozbek A, Ozbek SM. Detection of Herpesviruses and Human Papillomavirus in Acute Apical Abscesses by Real-Time PCR. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19:343–7.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Özbek This is me

Publication Date November 24, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Supplement 12

Cite

APA Özbek, M. (2015). ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.98762
AMA Özbek M. ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. November 2015;25:117-122. doi:10.17567/dfd.98762
Chicago Özbek, Mehmet. “ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25, November (November 2015): 117-22. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.98762.
EndNote Özbek M (November 1, 2015) ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 117–122.
IEEE M. Özbek, “ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 25, pp. 117–122, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.98762.
ISNAD Özbek, Mehmet. “ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (November 2015), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.98762.
JAMA Özbek M. ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:117–122.
MLA Özbek, Mehmet. “ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, 2015, pp. 117-22, doi:10.17567/dfd.98762.
Vancouver Özbek M. ENDODONTİK ENFEKSİYONLARDA MİKROBİOLOJİK GENETİK TANI YÖNTEMLERİNİN ROLÜ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:117-22.

Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. Tıklayınız.