Review
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SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 410 - 414, 11.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.473361

Abstract






Bitkiler ağız hijyenini teşvik etmek için
yüzyıllar boyunca kullanılmıştır ve hala dünyanın çoğu yerinde bu uygulama
devam etmektedir. Misvak olarak adlandırılan doğal diş fırçası veya çiğneme
çubuğu, Salvadora Persica Misvak denilen ağaçtan elde edilmektedir. Misvakın
ihtiva ettiği güçlü antibakteriyel ve güçlü antioksidan özellik sayesinde ağız
ve diş temizliğinde yardımcı olabileceği ispatlanmıştır. Diş ve destek
dokularda iyi tat, kolay kullanılabilirlik, düşük maliyet gibi etkileri
nedeniyle farklı ülkelerde teşvik edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, Salvadora Persica
Misvakın ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri ve kimyasal birleşiminin anlatılması
amaçlanmıştır.




Anahtar
Kelimeler:

Salvadora persica misvak, çiğneme
çubuğu, doğal diş fırçası

SALVADORA PERSICA
MISVAK AND ITS EFFECTS ON ORAL HEALTH: A REVIEW



ABSTRACT

Herbs have been used for centuries to
promote oral hygiene and this practice still continues in many parts of the
world. Natural toothbrush called miswak or chewing bar is obtained from trees
called  Salvadora Persica Miswak. Miswak
has a proven cleaning attribute in the mouth and teeth because of its strong
antibacterial and antioxidant properties. It is encouraged in different countries
due to effects such as low cost, usability, good taste in teeth and supporting
structures.

This review discusses the
chemical composition of Salvadora Persica Miswak and its influence on oral
health.

Keywords: Salvadora persica miswak, chewing
stick, natural tooth brush











References

  • 1. Sukkarwalla A, Ali SM, Lundberg P, Tanwir F. Efficacy of miswak on oral pathogens. Dent Res J 2013;10:314-20.
  • 2. Al Sadhan R, Almas K. Miswak (chewing stick): A cultural and scientific heritage. Saudi Dent J 1999;11:80-7.
  • 3. Sofrata AH. Salvadora persica (MISWAK): An effective way of killing oral pathogens. From the division of periodontology, department of dental medicine. (Doctoral Theses) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 2010. ISBN: 978-91-7409-915-7.
  • 4. Hattab FN. Miswak: the natural toothbrush. J Clin Dent 1997;8:125-9.
  • 5. Corbet EF, Zee KY, Lo EC. Periodontal diseases in Asia and Oceania. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29:122-52.
  • 6. Darout IA. Miswak as an alternative to the modern toothbrush in preventing oral diseases. Available in http://www.ssgrr.it/en/ssgr2003w/papers/102ceo.pdf 2004.
  • 7. Al-Bagieh N, Idowu A, Salako NO. Effect of aqueous extract of miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Microbios 1994; 80: 107-13.
  • 8. Al Lafi T, Ababneh H. The effect of the extract of the miswak (chewing sticks) used in Jordan and the Middle East on oral bacteria. Int Dent J 1995; 45: 218-22.
  • 9. Al-Bagieh N, Almas K. In vitro antibacterial effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of miswak (chewing sticks). Cairo Dent J 1997;13: 221-4.
  • 10. Almas K. The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Salvadora persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 1999; 10: 23-6.
  • 11. Elvin-Lewis M. Plants used for teeth cleaning throughout the world. J Prev Dent 1980; 6: 61-70.
  • 12. Almas K, Al-Bagieh, N. The antimicrobial effects of bark and pulp extracts of miswak, Salvadora persica. Biomed Lett 1999; 60: 71-5.
  • 13. Darout IA, Albandar J, Skaug N, Ali R. Salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in Sudanese adults. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 411-20.
  • 14. Darout IA, Christy A, Skaug N, Egeberg P. Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in miswak extract. Indian J Pharmacol 2000b; 32: 11-4.
  • 15. Darout IA, Skaug N, Albandar J. Subgingival microbiota levels and their associations with periodontal status at the sampled sites in an adult Sudanese population using miswak or toothbrush regularly. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61: 115-22.
  • 16. Al-Otaibi M, Al- Harthy M, Gustafsson A, Johansson A, Claesson R, Angmar- Mansson B. Subgingival plaque microbiota in Saudi Arabians after use of miswak chewing stick and toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 1048-53.
  • 17. Almas K, Al-Zeid Z. The immediate antimicrobial effect of a toothbrush and miswak on cariogenic bacteria: a clinical study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004; 5: 105-14.
  • 18. Poureslami H, Makarem A, Mojab F. Paraclinical effects of miswak extract on dental plaque. Dent Res J 2007; 4: 106-10.
  • 19. Emslie R. A dental health survey in the Republic of the Sudan. Br Dent J 1966; 120: 167-78.
  • 20. Baghdady V, Ghose, L. Comparison of the severity of caries attack in permanent first molars in Iraqi and Sudanese schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1979; 7: 346-8.
  • 21. Sathananthan K, Vos T, Bango G. Dental caries, fluoride levels and oral hygiene practices of school children in Matebeleland South, Zimbabwe. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24: 21-4.
  • 22. Younes S, El-Angbawi M. Dental caries prevalence in intermediate Saudi schoolchildren in Riyad Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1982; 10: 74-6.
  • 23. Olsson B. Efficiency of traditional chewing sticks in oral hygiene programs among Ethiopian schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1978; 6: 105-9.
  • 24. Elwin-Lewis M, Keudell K, Lewis WH, Harwood M. The anticariogenic potential of African chewing-sticks. J Dent Res 1974; 53: 277
  • 25. Sofrata A, Lingstrom P, Baljoon M, Gustafsson A. The effect of miswak extract on plaque pH. An in vivo study. Caries Res 2007; 41: 451-4.
  • 26. Petersen P, Mzee M. Oral health profile of schoolchildren, mothers and schoolteachers in Zanzibar. Community Dent Health 1998; 15: 256-62.
  • 27. Darmani H, Nusayr T, Al-Hiyasat AS. Effects of extracts of miswak and derum on proliferation of Balb/C 3T3 fibroblasts and viability of cariogenic bacteria. Int J Dent Hyg 2006; 4: 62-6.
  • 28. Ezoddini-Ardakani F. Efficacy of Miswak (salvadora persica) in preventing dental caries. Health 2010; 2: 499-503.
  • 29. Mohammed B, Jan B, Sarah B, Meshari F, and Otaibi AL. The effectiveness of chewing stick miswak on plaque removal. Saudi Dent J 2006;18: 125-33.
  • 30. Gazi M, Saini T, Ashri N, Lambourne A. Meswak chewing stick versus conventional toothbrush as an oral hygiene aid. Clin Prev Dent 1990; 12: 19-23.
  • 31. Wu C, Darout IA, Skaug N. Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing. J Periodontal Res 2001; 36: 275-84.
  • 32. Eid M, Al-Shammery A, Selim H. The relationship between chewing sticks (Miswak) and periodontal health.3. Relationship to gingival recess ion. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 61-4.
  • 33. Darout I, Albandar J, Skaug N. Periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual users of miswak chewing sticks or toothbrushes. Acta Odontol Scand 2000; 58: 25-30.
  • 34. Khoory T. The use of chewing sticks in preventive oral hygiene. Clin Prev Dent 1983; 5: 11-4.
  • 35. Chawla HS. A new natural source for topical fluoride. J Indian Dent Assoc 1983; 55: 419-22.
  • 36. Kubota K, Tanaka T, Murata Y, Hirasawa M. Effect of tannic acid on adherence of Candida to denture base. J Dent Res 1988; 67(1 Suppl): 183.
  • 37. Gazi MI, Davies TJ, Al-Bagieh N, Cox SW. The immediate- and medium-term effects of Meswak on the composition of mixed saliva. J Clin Periodontol 1992; 19: 113-7.
  • 38. Noumi E, Snoussi M, Hajlaoui H, Valentin E, Bakhrouf A. Antifungal properties of Salvadora persica and Juglans regia L. extracts against oral Candida strains. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29: 81-8.
  • 39. Darmani H, Al-Hiyasat AS, Elbetieha AM, Alkofahi A. The effect of an extract of Salvadora persica (Meswak, chewing stick) on fertility of male and female mice. Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 63-5.
  • 40. Rajabalian S, Mohammadi M, Mozaffari B. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Persica mouthwash on cultured human and mouse cell lines in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum. Indian J Dent Res 2009; 20: 169-73.
  • 41. Akhtar MS, Ajmal M. Significance of chewing-sticks (miswaks) in oral hygiene from a pharmacological viewpoint. J Pak Med Assoc 1981; 31: 89-95.
  • 42. Tubaishat RS, Darby ML, Bauman DB, Box CE. Use of miswak versus toothbrushes: oral health beliefs and behaviours among a sample of Jordanian adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2005; 3: 126-36.
  • 43. Mohammad AR, Turner JE. In vitro evaluation of Saudi Arabian toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica). Odontostomatol Trop 1983; 6: 145-8.
  • 44. Almas K, Al-Lafi TR. The natural toothbrush. World Health Forum 1995; 16: 206-10.
  • 45. Khalil AT. Benzylamides from Salvadora persica. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29: 952-6.
  • 46. Al-Dosari AM, Kafrawy AH, Standish SM. The effect of benzylisothiocyanate on epithelial changes induced by trauma and DMBA in the hamster tongue. Saudi Dent J 1992; 4: 4-10.
  • 47. Attar ZA. The misswak-nature’s toothbrush. Bull Hist Dent 1979; 27: 39-41.
  • 48. Al-Bagieh NH, Weinberg ED. Benzylisothiocyanate: a possible agent for controlling dental caries. Microbios Lett 1988; 39: 143-51.
  • 49. Brown JM, Jacobs JW. An investigation into antibacterial activity in chewing sticks against oral streptococci. Odontostomatol Trop 1979; 2: 25-30.
  • 50. Al-Bagieh NH. Antiherpes simplex virus type 1 activity of benzylisothiocyanate. Biomed Lett 1992; 47: 67-70.
Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 410 - 414, 11.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.473361

Abstract

References

  • 1. Sukkarwalla A, Ali SM, Lundberg P, Tanwir F. Efficacy of miswak on oral pathogens. Dent Res J 2013;10:314-20.
  • 2. Al Sadhan R, Almas K. Miswak (chewing stick): A cultural and scientific heritage. Saudi Dent J 1999;11:80-7.
  • 3. Sofrata AH. Salvadora persica (MISWAK): An effective way of killing oral pathogens. From the division of periodontology, department of dental medicine. (Doctoral Theses) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 2010. ISBN: 978-91-7409-915-7.
  • 4. Hattab FN. Miswak: the natural toothbrush. J Clin Dent 1997;8:125-9.
  • 5. Corbet EF, Zee KY, Lo EC. Periodontal diseases in Asia and Oceania. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29:122-52.
  • 6. Darout IA. Miswak as an alternative to the modern toothbrush in preventing oral diseases. Available in http://www.ssgrr.it/en/ssgr2003w/papers/102ceo.pdf 2004.
  • 7. Al-Bagieh N, Idowu A, Salako NO. Effect of aqueous extract of miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Microbios 1994; 80: 107-13.
  • 8. Al Lafi T, Ababneh H. The effect of the extract of the miswak (chewing sticks) used in Jordan and the Middle East on oral bacteria. Int Dent J 1995; 45: 218-22.
  • 9. Al-Bagieh N, Almas K. In vitro antibacterial effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of miswak (chewing sticks). Cairo Dent J 1997;13: 221-4.
  • 10. Almas K. The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Salvadora persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 1999; 10: 23-6.
  • 11. Elvin-Lewis M. Plants used for teeth cleaning throughout the world. J Prev Dent 1980; 6: 61-70.
  • 12. Almas K, Al-Bagieh, N. The antimicrobial effects of bark and pulp extracts of miswak, Salvadora persica. Biomed Lett 1999; 60: 71-5.
  • 13. Darout IA, Albandar J, Skaug N, Ali R. Salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in Sudanese adults. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 411-20.
  • 14. Darout IA, Christy A, Skaug N, Egeberg P. Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in miswak extract. Indian J Pharmacol 2000b; 32: 11-4.
  • 15. Darout IA, Skaug N, Albandar J. Subgingival microbiota levels and their associations with periodontal status at the sampled sites in an adult Sudanese population using miswak or toothbrush regularly. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61: 115-22.
  • 16. Al-Otaibi M, Al- Harthy M, Gustafsson A, Johansson A, Claesson R, Angmar- Mansson B. Subgingival plaque microbiota in Saudi Arabians after use of miswak chewing stick and toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 1048-53.
  • 17. Almas K, Al-Zeid Z. The immediate antimicrobial effect of a toothbrush and miswak on cariogenic bacteria: a clinical study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004; 5: 105-14.
  • 18. Poureslami H, Makarem A, Mojab F. Paraclinical effects of miswak extract on dental plaque. Dent Res J 2007; 4: 106-10.
  • 19. Emslie R. A dental health survey in the Republic of the Sudan. Br Dent J 1966; 120: 167-78.
  • 20. Baghdady V, Ghose, L. Comparison of the severity of caries attack in permanent first molars in Iraqi and Sudanese schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1979; 7: 346-8.
  • 21. Sathananthan K, Vos T, Bango G. Dental caries, fluoride levels and oral hygiene practices of school children in Matebeleland South, Zimbabwe. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24: 21-4.
  • 22. Younes S, El-Angbawi M. Dental caries prevalence in intermediate Saudi schoolchildren in Riyad Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1982; 10: 74-6.
  • 23. Olsson B. Efficiency of traditional chewing sticks in oral hygiene programs among Ethiopian schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1978; 6: 105-9.
  • 24. Elwin-Lewis M, Keudell K, Lewis WH, Harwood M. The anticariogenic potential of African chewing-sticks. J Dent Res 1974; 53: 277
  • 25. Sofrata A, Lingstrom P, Baljoon M, Gustafsson A. The effect of miswak extract on plaque pH. An in vivo study. Caries Res 2007; 41: 451-4.
  • 26. Petersen P, Mzee M. Oral health profile of schoolchildren, mothers and schoolteachers in Zanzibar. Community Dent Health 1998; 15: 256-62.
  • 27. Darmani H, Nusayr T, Al-Hiyasat AS. Effects of extracts of miswak and derum on proliferation of Balb/C 3T3 fibroblasts and viability of cariogenic bacteria. Int J Dent Hyg 2006; 4: 62-6.
  • 28. Ezoddini-Ardakani F. Efficacy of Miswak (salvadora persica) in preventing dental caries. Health 2010; 2: 499-503.
  • 29. Mohammed B, Jan B, Sarah B, Meshari F, and Otaibi AL. The effectiveness of chewing stick miswak on plaque removal. Saudi Dent J 2006;18: 125-33.
  • 30. Gazi M, Saini T, Ashri N, Lambourne A. Meswak chewing stick versus conventional toothbrush as an oral hygiene aid. Clin Prev Dent 1990; 12: 19-23.
  • 31. Wu C, Darout IA, Skaug N. Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing. J Periodontal Res 2001; 36: 275-84.
  • 32. Eid M, Al-Shammery A, Selim H. The relationship between chewing sticks (Miswak) and periodontal health.3. Relationship to gingival recess ion. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 61-4.
  • 33. Darout I, Albandar J, Skaug N. Periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual users of miswak chewing sticks or toothbrushes. Acta Odontol Scand 2000; 58: 25-30.
  • 34. Khoory T. The use of chewing sticks in preventive oral hygiene. Clin Prev Dent 1983; 5: 11-4.
  • 35. Chawla HS. A new natural source for topical fluoride. J Indian Dent Assoc 1983; 55: 419-22.
  • 36. Kubota K, Tanaka T, Murata Y, Hirasawa M. Effect of tannic acid on adherence of Candida to denture base. J Dent Res 1988; 67(1 Suppl): 183.
  • 37. Gazi MI, Davies TJ, Al-Bagieh N, Cox SW. The immediate- and medium-term effects of Meswak on the composition of mixed saliva. J Clin Periodontol 1992; 19: 113-7.
  • 38. Noumi E, Snoussi M, Hajlaoui H, Valentin E, Bakhrouf A. Antifungal properties of Salvadora persica and Juglans regia L. extracts against oral Candida strains. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29: 81-8.
  • 39. Darmani H, Al-Hiyasat AS, Elbetieha AM, Alkofahi A. The effect of an extract of Salvadora persica (Meswak, chewing stick) on fertility of male and female mice. Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 63-5.
  • 40. Rajabalian S, Mohammadi M, Mozaffari B. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Persica mouthwash on cultured human and mouse cell lines in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum. Indian J Dent Res 2009; 20: 169-73.
  • 41. Akhtar MS, Ajmal M. Significance of chewing-sticks (miswaks) in oral hygiene from a pharmacological viewpoint. J Pak Med Assoc 1981; 31: 89-95.
  • 42. Tubaishat RS, Darby ML, Bauman DB, Box CE. Use of miswak versus toothbrushes: oral health beliefs and behaviours among a sample of Jordanian adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2005; 3: 126-36.
  • 43. Mohammad AR, Turner JE. In vitro evaluation of Saudi Arabian toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica). Odontostomatol Trop 1983; 6: 145-8.
  • 44. Almas K, Al-Lafi TR. The natural toothbrush. World Health Forum 1995; 16: 206-10.
  • 45. Khalil AT. Benzylamides from Salvadora persica. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29: 952-6.
  • 46. Al-Dosari AM, Kafrawy AH, Standish SM. The effect of benzylisothiocyanate on epithelial changes induced by trauma and DMBA in the hamster tongue. Saudi Dent J 1992; 4: 4-10.
  • 47. Attar ZA. The misswak-nature’s toothbrush. Bull Hist Dent 1979; 27: 39-41.
  • 48. Al-Bagieh NH, Weinberg ED. Benzylisothiocyanate: a possible agent for controlling dental caries. Microbios Lett 1988; 39: 143-51.
  • 49. Brown JM, Jacobs JW. An investigation into antibacterial activity in chewing sticks against oral streptococci. Odontostomatol Trop 1979; 2: 25-30.
  • 50. Al-Bagieh NH. Antiherpes simplex virus type 1 activity of benzylisothiocyanate. Biomed Lett 1992; 47: 67-70.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derleme
Authors

Kübra Törenek Ağırman This is me 0000-0001-7200-3436

Özkan Miloğlu This is me 0000-0002-3826-8606

Selin Yeşiltepe This is me 0000-0002-6857-1411

İrfan Sarıca This is me 0000-0003-1038-8275

Publication Date July 11, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Törenek Ağırman, K., Miloğlu, Ö., Yeşiltepe, S., Sarıca, İ. (2018). SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 410-414. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.473361
AMA Törenek Ağırman K, Miloğlu Ö, Yeşiltepe S, Sarıca İ. SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. July 2018;28(3):410-414. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.473361
Chicago Törenek Ağırman, Kübra, Özkan Miloğlu, Selin Yeşiltepe, and İrfan Sarıca. “SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 28, no. 3 (July 2018): 410-14. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.473361.
EndNote Törenek Ağırman K, Miloğlu Ö, Yeşiltepe S, Sarıca İ (July 1, 2018) SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 28 3 410–414.
IEEE K. Törenek Ağırman, Ö. Miloğlu, S. Yeşiltepe, and İ. Sarıca, “SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 410–414, 2018, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.473361.
ISNAD Törenek Ağırman, Kübra et al. “SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 28/3 (July 2018), 410-414. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.473361.
JAMA Törenek Ağırman K, Miloğlu Ö, Yeşiltepe S, Sarıca İ. SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2018;28:410–414.
MLA Törenek Ağırman, Kübra et al. “SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 3, 2018, pp. 410-4, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.473361.
Vancouver Törenek Ağırman K, Miloğlu Ö, Yeşiltepe S, Sarıca İ. SALVADORA PERSICA MİSVAK VE AĞIZ SAĞLIĞINA ETKİLERİ: DERLEME. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2018;28(3):410-4.

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