GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 583 - 591, 14.10.2018

Ekrem Oral , İbrahim Yavuz Osman Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.474127

Abstract

Estetik algısı her ne kadar geçmişte
sübjektif bir konu olsa da iletişim araçlarının artmasıyla günümüzde he- men
hemen tüm kültürlerde ortak olan belli standartlara oturmuştur.

Hastaların artan estetik
beklentilerini karşılayabilmek için ideal estetik standartların iyi bilinmesi
ve etkili bir biçimde kullanılabilmesi gerekmektedir. Çünkü güncel çalışmalara
göre sadece ortodontik açıdan ideal olarak bitirilen tedaviler, hastaların
estetik beklentilerini kar- şılamakta yetersiz kalmaktadırlar. Derlememizde estetik ve güzellik gibi
kavramlar tanım- lanacak, gülümsemenin yüz estetiğindeki öneminden,
gülümsemenin nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğinden ve literatürde bulunan ve
klinisyenlerce genel kabul gören gülümseme estetiğinin belirleyici
faktörlerinden bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar
kelimeler: Gülümseme, estetik, derlem

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gülümseme, estetik, derleme

EVALUATION OF SMILE
ESTHETICS

ABSTRACT

While in
the past perception of esthetic was a subjective topic; with the globalization
of the world it become common and had standarts nearly in all cultures. To meet
patient’s increasing esthetic expectations clinicians have to learn ideal
esthetic standarts and use them effectively. Because recent studies revealed
that finishing orthodontic cases with ideal orthodontic occlusal standpoint is
not enough to satisfy patient’s esthetic expectations.

 In this
paper; beauty and esthetic concepts will be defined. Importantance of smile in
the context of dentofacial esthetics, evaluating smile esthetics and the last
previously mentioned in the literature smile esthetic criterias will be
discussed.

Keywords: Smile, esthetics, review

Keywords

Gülümseme, estetik

References

• 1. Pessa JE, Zadoo VP, Garza PA, Adrian EK, Dewitt AI, Garza JR. Double or bifid zygomaticus majör muscle: Anatomy, incidence, and clinical correlation. Clin Anat 1998;11:310-3.
• 2. Tarantili VV, Halazonetis DJ, Spyropoulos MN. The spontaneous smile in dynamic motion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128:8-15.
• 3. Goldstein RE. Study of need for esthetics in dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 1969;21:589-98.
• 4. Gochman DS. The measurement and development of dentally relevant motives. J Public Health Dent 1975;35:160-4.
• 5. Mandalı G, Biçer A.Z.Y, Bulut Z, Konakçı B. Anterior bölgede estetik yaklaşımlar: olgu sunumu. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2011;21:80-5.
• 6. Van der Geld P, Oosterveld P, Heck GV, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Smile attractiveness: self-perception and Influence on Personality. Angle Orthod 2007;77:759-75.
• 7. Kokich VO, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J EsthetDent. 1999;11:311-24.
• 8. Waller BM, Cray JJ, Burrows AM. Selection for Universal Facial Emotion. Emotion 2008;8:435-9.
• 9. Kawakami F, Yanaihara T. Smiles in the fetal period. Infant Behavior and Development 2012;35:466-71.
• 10. Hulsey CM. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1970;57:132-44.
• 11. Izard CE. The Face of Emotion. 1 ed. New York 1971.
• 12. Ikeda J, Tidwell C. Cultural Differences in Non-verbal Communication. 1 ed. New York; Vermont Department of Health: 2009.
• 13. Young S. Human facial expressions. 1 ed. Cambridge; The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution: 1992. p. 164-5.
• 14. Kingdon J. Facial patterns as signals and masks. 1 ed. Cambridge; The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution: 1992. p. 161-5.
• 15. Baumgarten AG. Aesthetica (1750). 1 ed. Paris; L’herne: 1989.
• 16. Zachrisson BU. Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension. J Clin Orthod 1998;32:432-45.
• 17. Duchenne de Boulogne GB. The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression (1862). 1 ed. Paris: Jules Renard. Ed. and trans. Cuthbertson RA. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press: 1990.
• 18. Ekman P. Facial expression of emotion: new findings, new questions. Psychol Sci 1992;3:34-8.
• 19. Ackerman MB, Ackerman JL. Smile Analysis and Design in the Digital Era. J Clin Orthod 2002;36:221-36.
• 20. Burstone CJ, Charles J, Burstone MS. Part 1 facial esthetics. Interview by Ravindra Nanda. J Clin Orthod 2007;41:79-87.
• 21. Naini FB. Facial aesthetics: concepts and clinical diagnosis. 1 ed. New Jersey; Wiley-Blackwell: 2011.
• 22. Ekman P, Davidson RJ. Voluntary smiling changes regional brain activity. Psychol Sci 1993;4:342–5.
• 23. Camara CA. Aesthetics in Orthodontics: Six horizontal smile lines. Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15:118-31.
• 24. Prasad V, Tandon P, Sharma VP, Singh GK, Maurya RP, Chugh V. Photographical evaluation of smile esthetics after extraction orthodontic treatment. Journal of Orthodontic Research 2015;3:49-56.
• 25. Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:98–111.
• 26. Moore T, Southard KA,Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:208–13.
• 27. Gracco A, Cozzani M, D’Elia L, Manfrini M, Peverada C, SicilianiG. The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons. Progress in Orthodontics 2005;7:56–65.
• 28. Martin A, Buschang P, Boley J, Taylor R, McKinney T. The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:530-7.
• 29. Ioi H, Nakata S, Counts AL. Effects of buccal corridors on smile esthetics in Japanese. Angle Orthod 2009;79:628-33.
• 30. Nascimento DC, Santos ER, Machado AW, Bittencourt MAV. Influence of buccal corridor dimension on smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012;17:145-50.
• 31. Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2003;73:354-8.
• 32. Roden JD, Gallerano R, English J. The effects of buccal corridor spaces and arch form on smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:343–50.
• 33. Ritter DE, Gandini LG, Pinto AS, Locks A. Esthetic influence of negative space in the buccal corridor during smiling. Angle Orthod 2006;76:198–203.
• 34. McNamara L, McNamara JA, Ackerman MB, Baccetti T. Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:491–9.
• 35. Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: Dentofacial perspective. Br Dent J 2005;199:81-8.
• 36. Bhat VS, Gopinathan M. Reliability of determining vertical dimension of occlusion in complete dentures: A clinical study. JIPS 2006;6:38-42.
• 37. Sharma PK, Sharma P. Dental Smile Esthetics: The Assessment and Creation of the Ideal Smile. Seminars in Orthodontics 2012;18:193-201.
• 38. Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39:502-4.
• 39. Tjan AH, Miller GD, Josephine GP. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:24-8.
• 40. Machado AW. 10 commandments of smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19:136-57.
• 41. Suzuki L, Machado AW, Bittencourt MAV. An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011;16:37-9.
• 42. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Some vertical lineaments of lipposition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101:519-24.
• 43. Rigsbee OH 3rd, Sperry TP, BeGole EA. The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg 1988;3:233-9.
• 44. Allen EP. Use of mucogingival surgical procedures to enhance esthetics. Dent Clin North Am 1988;32:307-30.
• 45. Sabri R. The Eight Components of a Balanced Smile. J Clin Orthod 2005;39:155-67.
• 46. Machado AW, McComb R, Moon W, Gandini LG. Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. J Esthetic Rest Dent 2013;25:392–401.
• 47. Miller EL, Bodden WR, Jamison HC. A study of the relationship of the dental midline to the facial median line. J Prosthet Dent 1979:41:657-60.
• 48. Pinho S, Ciriaco C, Faber J, Lenza MA. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:748-53.
• 49. Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;13:141-51.
• 50. Thomas JL, Hayes C, Zawaideh S. The effect of axial midline angulation on dental esthetics. Angle Orthod 2003:73:359-64.
• 51. Morley J, Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design. J Am Dent Assoc 2001;132:39-45.
• 52. Machado AW, Moon W, Gandini LG. Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:658-64.
• 53. Chiche G, Pinault A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. 1 ed. Chicago; Quintessence: 1994.
• 54. Wolfart S, Thormann H, Freitag S, Kern M. Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:159-65.
• 55. Sterrett JD , Oliver T , Robinson F , Fortson W , Knaak B , Russell CM. Width/length ratios of normal clinical crowns of the maxillary anterior dentition in man. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26:153-7.
• 56. Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of esthetics. 1 ed. Chicago; Quintessence: 1990.
• 57. Levin EI. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent 1978;40:244-52.
• 58. Bukhary SMN, Gill DS, Tredwin CJ, Moles DR. The influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics. Br Dent J. 2007;22:687-93.
• 59. Preston JD. The golden proportion revisted. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5:247-51.
• 60. Machado AW, Moon W, Campos E, Gandini LG. Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists 2013;25:169-74.
• 61. Foulger TE, Tredwin CJ, Gill DS, Moles DR. The influence of varying maxillary incisal edge embrasure space and interproximal contact area dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics. British dental journal 2010;209:4-5.
• 62. Correa BD, Bittencourt MAV, Machado AW. Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014;145:55-63