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DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 259 - 267, 22.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.498763

Abstract



Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı;
rutin implant uygulamalarında kliniğimizde karşılaşılan intraoperatif ve erken
dönem komplikasyon türlerinin, sayı ve oranlarının araştırılması ve
komplikasyon yönetiminde uygulanan tedavilerin değerlendirilip akademisyenler
ve klinisyenler için aydınlatıcı ve yol gösterici olmaktır.



Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada; Atatürk
Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim
Dalında 2015-2018 yılları arasında 138 hastada uygulanan 498 adet implant
retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışma süresince implant tedavisi
uygulanan hastaların arşiv kayıtları ve ameliyat notları incelendi. Aralarından
kayıtları eksiksiz tutulan ve takip seanslarına düzenli olarak devam eden
hastalar seçilerek, intraoperatif ve erken dönem komplikasyonları ve prevelansları
belirlenip uygulanmış olan tedavi yöntemleri araştırıldı.



Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamında dental
implant cerrahilerinde intraoperatif ve erken dönem postoperatif komplikasyonlar
belirlenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda komplikasyon oranlarının %0 ile %34 arasında
değiştiği izlenmiştir. Karşılaşılan intraoperatif komplikasyon oranları ve
türleri sırasıyla;
yumuşak doku
yaralanmaları(%4,3), alveoler kemikte dehissens/fenestrasyon(%2), nasal
kavite/sinüs perforasyonları(%1,1), sinir yaralanmaları(%0,8), komşu diş
hasarı(%0,4), damar yaralanmaları(%0,2)  ve primer stabilite kaybıdır(%0,2). Erken
dönem post operatif komplikasyonlar ise; ödem(%34), ekimoz/hematom(%10,1), his
kaybı(%3,06), enfeksiyon(%1,6), yara yerinin açılması(%1,1), kanama(%0,7)
olarak izlenmiştir.



Sonuç: Dental implant
cerrahileri her zaman komplikasyona açık, küçümsenmemesi gereken cerrahilerdir.
Karşılaşılan komplikasyonlar dikkatle değerlendirilmeli ve anında müdahale
edilmelidir. Başarılı bir implant tedavisi için; iyi bir anamnez, doğru tedavi
planlaması, uygun hasta seçimi ve yeterli komplikasyon yönetebilme bilgisi ve
becerisi gerekmektedir.



Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş implantı,
intraoperatif komplikasyonlar, postoperatif komplikasyonlar



Prevalence and Treatment Methods of
Intraoperative and Early Complications in Dental Implant Surgery: A
Retrospective Clinical Study



ABSTRACT



Aim: The aim of this study; evaluation
of the types, quantities and rates of intraoperative and early complications
encountered in our clinic during routine implant surgeries and investigating
the treatments used in complication management, also for academicians and
clinicians to be illuminating and guiding in terms of complications.



Material and Metods: This study was carried
out retrospectively in Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry Department of
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery on 498 implants operated on 138 patients between
2015 and 2018. Archival records and operative notes of patients undergoing
implant therapy during the study period were reviewed. Patients with thorough
records and continuing follow-up sessions were selected and their
intraoperative and early complications and incidences were determined and
evaluated.



Results: In this study,
intraoperative and early postoperative complications were determined in dental
implant surgeries. The complication rates in this study ranged from %0 to %34.
The rates of intraoperative complications encountered are as follows;
soft-tissue injuries(%4,3), dehiscence/fenestration in the alveolar bone(%2), nasal
cavity/sinus perforations(%1,1), nerve injuries(%0,8), neighbor tooth damage(%0,4),
vascular injuries(%0.2) and lack of prime stability(%0.2). Early postoperative
complication rates are; edema(%34), ecchymosis/hematomes(%10.1), sensory
disorders(%3.06), infection(%1.6), flep dehiscence(%1.1), bleeding(%0.7).



Conclusion: Dental implant surgeries
are always open to complications that should not be underestimated. Complications should be carefully
evaluated and intervened with immediately. For a successful implant treatment; a
detailed anamnesis, proper treatment planning, appropriate patient selection
and sufficient knowledge and skill to manage complications are required.



Keywords: Dental implant, intraoperative complications,
postoperative complications



References

  • 1. ADALI E, YÜCE MÖ, GÜNBAY T, ÇIPLAK G. FARKLI DENTAL İMPLANTLARIN BAŞARI ORANLARININ GERİYE DÖNÜK OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 28: 174-181.
  • 2. Alhassani AA, AlGhamdi AST. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Implant Dentistry: Diagnosis, Causes, Prevention, and Management. Journal of Oral Implantology, 2010, 36: 401-407.
  • 3. McDermott NE, Chuang SK, Woo VV, Dodson TB. Complications of dental implants: identification, frequency, and associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003, 18: 848-855.
  • 4. Annibali S, Ripari M, La Monaca G, Tonoli F, Cristalli MP. Local accidents in dental implant surgery: prevention and treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2009, 29: 325-331.
  • 5. Balshi TJ. Preventing and resolving complications with osseointegrated implants. Dent Clinics of North America, 1989, 33: 821-868.
  • 6. Park S-H, Wang H-L. Implant Reversible Complications: Classification and Treatments. Implant Dentistry, 2005, 14: 211-220.
  • 7. Greenstein G, Cavallaro J, Romanos G, Tarnow D. Clinical recommendations for avoiding and managing surgical complications associated with implant dentistry: a review. J Periodontol, 2008, 79: 1317-1329.
  • 8. Bartling R, Freeman K, Kraut RA. The incidence of altered sensation of the mental nerve after mandibular implant placement. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999, 57: 1408-1410.
  • 9. Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2003, 90: 121-132.
  • 10. Misch K, Wang H-L. Implant surgery complications: etiology and treatment. Implant dentistry, 2008, 17: 159-168.
  • 11. Kim SG. Implant-related damage to an adjacent tooth: a case report. Implant dentistry, 2000, 9: 278-280.
  • 12. Hanif A, Qureshi S, Sheikh Z, Rashid H. Complications in implant dentistry. European Journal of Dentistry, 2017, 11: 135-140.
  • 13. Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. Journal of clinical periodontology, 2002, 29: 197-212.
  • 14. Johns RB, Jemt T, Heath MR, Hutton JE, McKenna S, McNamara DC, van Steenberghe D, Taylor R, Watson RM, Herrmann I. A multicenter study of overdentures supported by Brånemark implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1992, 7.
  • 15. van Steenberghe D, Lekholm U, Bolender C, Folmer T, Henry P, Herrmann I, Higuchi K, Laney W, Lindén U, Åstrand P. The Applicability of Osseointegrated Oral Implants in the Rehabilitation of Partial Edentulism: A Prospective Multicenter Study on 558 Fixtures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1990, 5.
  • 16. Jemt T, Laney WR, Harris D, Henry PJ, Krogh Jr PH, Polizzi G, Zarb GA, Herrmann I. Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement: a 1-year report from a multicenter prospective study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1991, 6.
  • 17. Isaacson TJ. Sublingual hematoma formation during immediate placement of mandibular endosseous implants. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2004, 135: 168-172.
  • 18. Pelayo JL, Diago MP, Bowen EM, Diago MP. Intraoperative complications during oral implantology. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2008, 13: E239-243.
  • 19. Garcia AG, Sampedro FG, Rey JG, Torreira MG. Trismus and pain after removal of impacted lower third molars. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1997, 55: 1223-1226.
  • 20. Graziani F, D’aiuto F, Arduino PG, Tonelli M, Gabriele M. Perioperative dexamethasone reduces post-surgical sequelae of wisdom tooth removal. A split-mouth randomized double-masked clinical trial. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2006, 35: 241-246.
  • 21. Üstün Y, Erdoǧan Ö, Esen E, Karsli ED. Comparison of the effects of 2 doses of methylprednisolone on pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2003, 96: 535-539.
  • 22. Micó-Llorens J, Satorres-Nieto M, Gargallo-Albiol J, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Efficacy of methylprednisolone in controlling complications after impacted lower third molar surgical extraction. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006, 62: 693-698.
  • 23. Greenstein G, Tarnow D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review. Journal of periodontology, 2006, 77: 1933-1943.
  • 24. Flanagan D. Delayed onset of altered sensation following dental implant placement and mental block local anesthesia: A case report. Implant dentistry, 2002, 11: 324-330.
  • 25. Day R. Diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal nerve injuries. Journal of the California Dental Association, 1994, 22: 48-51, 53-44.
  • 26. Kraut RA, Chahal O. Management of patients with trigeminal nerve injuries after mandibular implant placement. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2002, 133: 1351-1354.
  • 27. Ellies LG, Hawker PB. The prevalence of altered sensation associated with implant surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1993, 8.
  • 28. Nazarian Y, Eliav E, Nahlieli O. Nerve injury following implant placement: prevention, diagnosis and treatment modalities. Refu'at ha-peh veha-shinayim (1993), 2003, 20: 44-50, 101.
  • 29. Ueda M, Kaneda T. Maxillary sinusitis caused by dental implants: report of two cases. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1992, 50: 285-287.
  • 30. Schwartz‐Arad D, Herzberg R, Dolev E. The prevalence of surgical complications of the sinus graft procedure and their impact on implant survival. Journal of periodontology, 2004, 75: 511-516.
  • 31. Hermann J, Buser D. Guided bone regeneration for dental implants. Current opinion in periodontology, 1996, 3: 168-177.
  • 32. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington H, Coulthard P. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment. Australian Dental Journal, 2006, 51: 96.
  • 33. Bergermann M, Donald PJ. Screwdriver aspiration: a complication of dental implant placement. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1992, 21: 339-341.
  • 34. Ireland A. Management of inhaled and swallowed foreign bodies. Dental update, 2005, 32: 83-89.
  • 35. Lioubavina‐Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primary stability for osseointegration of dental implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2006, 17: 244-250.
  • 36. Bowen Antolín A, García P, Tersa M, Nasimi A. Infections in implantology: from prophylaxis to treatment. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal (Internet), 2007, 12: 323-330.
  • 37. Pack PD, Haber J. The incidence of clinical infection after periodontal surgery: A retrospective study. Journal of periodontology, 1983, 54: 441-443.
  • 38. Checchi L, Trombelli L, Nonato M. Postoperative infections and tetracycline prophylaxis in periodontal surgery: a retrospective study. Quintessence International, 1992, 23.
  • 39. Powell CA, Mealey BL, Deas DE, McDonnell HT, Moritz AJ. Post-surgical infections: prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical procedures. Journal of periodontology, 2005, 76: 329-333.
  • 40. Gynther GW, Köndell PÅ, Moberg L-E, Heimdahl A. Dental implant installation without antibiotic prophylaxis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 1998, 85: 509-511.
  • 41. Binahmed A, Stoykewych A, Peterson L. Single preoperative dose versus long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimens in dental implant surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2005, 20.
  • 42. Hossein K, Dahlin C, Bengt A. Influence of different prophylactic antibiotic regimens on implant survival rate: a retrospective clinical study. Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2005, 7: 32-35.
  • 43. Marty-Ané C-H, Berthet J-P, Alric P, Pegis J-D, Rouvière P, Mary H. Management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis: an aggressive treatment for an aggressive disease. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1999, 68: 212-217.
  • 44. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2004, 19.
  • 45. Reznick JB, Ardary WC. Cervicofacial subcutaneous air emphysema after dental extraction. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 1990, 120: 417-419.
  • 46. Finlayson RS, Stevens FD. Subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to use of the Cavi-Jet. Journal of periodontology, 1988, 59: 315-317.
  • 47. Sadig W, Almas K. Risk factors and management of dehiscent wounds in implant dentistry. Implant dentistry, 2004, 13: 140-147.
  • 48. Giglio J, Laskin D. Perioperative errors contributing to implant failure. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 1998, 10: 197-202.
  • 49. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark P, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, Sbordone L. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures:(I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1986, 15: 39-52.
  • 50. Tal H. Spontaneous early exposure of submerged implants: I. Classification and clinical observations. Journal of periodontology, 1999, 70: 213-219.
Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 259 - 267, 22.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.498763

Abstract

References

  • 1. ADALI E, YÜCE MÖ, GÜNBAY T, ÇIPLAK G. FARKLI DENTAL İMPLANTLARIN BAŞARI ORANLARININ GERİYE DÖNÜK OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 28: 174-181.
  • 2. Alhassani AA, AlGhamdi AST. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Implant Dentistry: Diagnosis, Causes, Prevention, and Management. Journal of Oral Implantology, 2010, 36: 401-407.
  • 3. McDermott NE, Chuang SK, Woo VV, Dodson TB. Complications of dental implants: identification, frequency, and associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003, 18: 848-855.
  • 4. Annibali S, Ripari M, La Monaca G, Tonoli F, Cristalli MP. Local accidents in dental implant surgery: prevention and treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2009, 29: 325-331.
  • 5. Balshi TJ. Preventing and resolving complications with osseointegrated implants. Dent Clinics of North America, 1989, 33: 821-868.
  • 6. Park S-H, Wang H-L. Implant Reversible Complications: Classification and Treatments. Implant Dentistry, 2005, 14: 211-220.
  • 7. Greenstein G, Cavallaro J, Romanos G, Tarnow D. Clinical recommendations for avoiding and managing surgical complications associated with implant dentistry: a review. J Periodontol, 2008, 79: 1317-1329.
  • 8. Bartling R, Freeman K, Kraut RA. The incidence of altered sensation of the mental nerve after mandibular implant placement. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999, 57: 1408-1410.
  • 9. Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2003, 90: 121-132.
  • 10. Misch K, Wang H-L. Implant surgery complications: etiology and treatment. Implant dentistry, 2008, 17: 159-168.
  • 11. Kim SG. Implant-related damage to an adjacent tooth: a case report. Implant dentistry, 2000, 9: 278-280.
  • 12. Hanif A, Qureshi S, Sheikh Z, Rashid H. Complications in implant dentistry. European Journal of Dentistry, 2017, 11: 135-140.
  • 13. Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. Journal of clinical periodontology, 2002, 29: 197-212.
  • 14. Johns RB, Jemt T, Heath MR, Hutton JE, McKenna S, McNamara DC, van Steenberghe D, Taylor R, Watson RM, Herrmann I. A multicenter study of overdentures supported by Brånemark implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1992, 7.
  • 15. van Steenberghe D, Lekholm U, Bolender C, Folmer T, Henry P, Herrmann I, Higuchi K, Laney W, Lindén U, Åstrand P. The Applicability of Osseointegrated Oral Implants in the Rehabilitation of Partial Edentulism: A Prospective Multicenter Study on 558 Fixtures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1990, 5.
  • 16. Jemt T, Laney WR, Harris D, Henry PJ, Krogh Jr PH, Polizzi G, Zarb GA, Herrmann I. Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement: a 1-year report from a multicenter prospective study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1991, 6.
  • 17. Isaacson TJ. Sublingual hematoma formation during immediate placement of mandibular endosseous implants. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2004, 135: 168-172.
  • 18. Pelayo JL, Diago MP, Bowen EM, Diago MP. Intraoperative complications during oral implantology. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2008, 13: E239-243.
  • 19. Garcia AG, Sampedro FG, Rey JG, Torreira MG. Trismus and pain after removal of impacted lower third molars. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1997, 55: 1223-1226.
  • 20. Graziani F, D’aiuto F, Arduino PG, Tonelli M, Gabriele M. Perioperative dexamethasone reduces post-surgical sequelae of wisdom tooth removal. A split-mouth randomized double-masked clinical trial. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2006, 35: 241-246.
  • 21. Üstün Y, Erdoǧan Ö, Esen E, Karsli ED. Comparison of the effects of 2 doses of methylprednisolone on pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2003, 96: 535-539.
  • 22. Micó-Llorens J, Satorres-Nieto M, Gargallo-Albiol J, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Efficacy of methylprednisolone in controlling complications after impacted lower third molar surgical extraction. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006, 62: 693-698.
  • 23. Greenstein G, Tarnow D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review. Journal of periodontology, 2006, 77: 1933-1943.
  • 24. Flanagan D. Delayed onset of altered sensation following dental implant placement and mental block local anesthesia: A case report. Implant dentistry, 2002, 11: 324-330.
  • 25. Day R. Diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal nerve injuries. Journal of the California Dental Association, 1994, 22: 48-51, 53-44.
  • 26. Kraut RA, Chahal O. Management of patients with trigeminal nerve injuries after mandibular implant placement. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2002, 133: 1351-1354.
  • 27. Ellies LG, Hawker PB. The prevalence of altered sensation associated with implant surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1993, 8.
  • 28. Nazarian Y, Eliav E, Nahlieli O. Nerve injury following implant placement: prevention, diagnosis and treatment modalities. Refu'at ha-peh veha-shinayim (1993), 2003, 20: 44-50, 101.
  • 29. Ueda M, Kaneda T. Maxillary sinusitis caused by dental implants: report of two cases. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1992, 50: 285-287.
  • 30. Schwartz‐Arad D, Herzberg R, Dolev E. The prevalence of surgical complications of the sinus graft procedure and their impact on implant survival. Journal of periodontology, 2004, 75: 511-516.
  • 31. Hermann J, Buser D. Guided bone regeneration for dental implants. Current opinion in periodontology, 1996, 3: 168-177.
  • 32. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington H, Coulthard P. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment. Australian Dental Journal, 2006, 51: 96.
  • 33. Bergermann M, Donald PJ. Screwdriver aspiration: a complication of dental implant placement. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1992, 21: 339-341.
  • 34. Ireland A. Management of inhaled and swallowed foreign bodies. Dental update, 2005, 32: 83-89.
  • 35. Lioubavina‐Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primary stability for osseointegration of dental implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2006, 17: 244-250.
  • 36. Bowen Antolín A, García P, Tersa M, Nasimi A. Infections in implantology: from prophylaxis to treatment. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal (Internet), 2007, 12: 323-330.
  • 37. Pack PD, Haber J. The incidence of clinical infection after periodontal surgery: A retrospective study. Journal of periodontology, 1983, 54: 441-443.
  • 38. Checchi L, Trombelli L, Nonato M. Postoperative infections and tetracycline prophylaxis in periodontal surgery: a retrospective study. Quintessence International, 1992, 23.
  • 39. Powell CA, Mealey BL, Deas DE, McDonnell HT, Moritz AJ. Post-surgical infections: prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical procedures. Journal of periodontology, 2005, 76: 329-333.
  • 40. Gynther GW, Köndell PÅ, Moberg L-E, Heimdahl A. Dental implant installation without antibiotic prophylaxis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 1998, 85: 509-511.
  • 41. Binahmed A, Stoykewych A, Peterson L. Single preoperative dose versus long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimens in dental implant surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2005, 20.
  • 42. Hossein K, Dahlin C, Bengt A. Influence of different prophylactic antibiotic regimens on implant survival rate: a retrospective clinical study. Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2005, 7: 32-35.
  • 43. Marty-Ané C-H, Berthet J-P, Alric P, Pegis J-D, Rouvière P, Mary H. Management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis: an aggressive treatment for an aggressive disease. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1999, 68: 212-217.
  • 44. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2004, 19.
  • 45. Reznick JB, Ardary WC. Cervicofacial subcutaneous air emphysema after dental extraction. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 1990, 120: 417-419.
  • 46. Finlayson RS, Stevens FD. Subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to use of the Cavi-Jet. Journal of periodontology, 1988, 59: 315-317.
  • 47. Sadig W, Almas K. Risk factors and management of dehiscent wounds in implant dentistry. Implant dentistry, 2004, 13: 140-147.
  • 48. Giglio J, Laskin D. Perioperative errors contributing to implant failure. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 1998, 10: 197-202.
  • 49. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark P, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, Sbordone L. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures:(I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1986, 15: 39-52.
  • 50. Tal H. Spontaneous early exposure of submerged implants: I. Classification and clinical observations. Journal of periodontology, 1999, 70: 213-219.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Gelengül Urvasızoğlu This is me 0000-0003-1628-7571

Tuğrul Türen This is me 0000-0002-1199-4122

Publication Date March 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Urvasızoğlu, G., & Türen, T. (2019). DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.498763
AMA Urvasızoğlu G, Türen T. DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. March 2019;29(2):259-267. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.498763
Chicago Urvasızoğlu, Gelengül, and Tuğrul Türen. “DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29, no. 2 (March 2019): 259-67. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.498763.
EndNote Urvasızoğlu G, Türen T (March 1, 2019) DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29 2 259–267.
IEEE G. Urvasızoğlu and T. Türen, “DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 259–267, 2019, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.498763.
ISNAD Urvasızoğlu, Gelengül - Türen, Tuğrul. “DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29/2 (March 2019), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.498763.
JAMA Urvasızoğlu G, Türen T. DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2019;29:259–267.
MLA Urvasızoğlu, Gelengül and Tuğrul Türen. “DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, 2019, pp. 259-67, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.498763.
Vancouver Urvasızoğlu G, Türen T. DENTAL İMPLANT UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN İNTRAOPERATİF VE ERKEN DÖNEM KOMPLİKASYONLARIN PREVALANSI VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2019;29(2):259-67.

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