ADLİ DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 492 - 498, 15.07.2020

Feryal Karaman

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.566892

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Adli
diş hekimliği gelişmeye çok açık olan bir diş hekimliği dalıdır. Dişler ve
dişsel özelliklerin eşsiz olması ve her türlü şartta uzun süre bozulmadan
kalabilmesi adli diş hekimliğinin önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu alanın en önemli
çalışmalarından biri, kimliklendirmedir. Dişlerden ve çene kemiğinden edinilen
bilgilerle kişinin ırkı, cinsiyeti, yaşı tespit edilebilir. Kimlik tespitinde
diş kayıtlarının önceden tutulmuş ve saklanmış olmasının büyük önemi
vardır.  Ayrıca, ağız ve dişlerin
incelenmesiyle ısırık izi analizi, dudak-damak izi analizi ve travma
hasarlarının tespiti gibi konular da çözümlenebilmektedir. Isırık izleri parmak
izleri gibi benzersizdir ve kimliklendirmede başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Kimliklendirme
ölü veya canlı kişinin muayenesi ile yapılabildiği gibi insan vücuduna ait bir
parçanın, bir dokunun, iz ve belirtilerin incelenmesiyle de yapılabilir. Dişler
dış etkenlere karşı dayanıklıdırlar ve çene kemiği içinde korunmaktadırlar. Bu
nedenle dentin ve pulpada korunan hücrelerden uzun yıllar sonra bile DNA elde
edilmektedir. Özellikle kimliği belli olmayan kişilerde dişsel özellikler, yapılmış
olan tedavi ve protezler kişinin kimliğinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynar.
Tanınmayacak şekilde yanmış, parçalanmış veya ölüm sonrası değişikliklere maruz
kalmış cesetlerin kimlik tespitinde dişler birinci derecede öneme sahiptir.
Kişinin ırkını, cinsiyetini ve yaşını belirlemek için çeşitli metotlar
geliştirilmiştir. Yaş belirlemede gençlerde radyolojik teknikler, daha ileri
yaşlarda ise morfolojik, histolojik ve kimyasal teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknikler her yıl ilerlemekte ve yenileri
eklenmektedir.

Diş
hekimliği fakültelerinde adli diş hekimliği dersi verilmediği için bu formasyon
eksiktir. Ancak her diş hekiminin mesleğiyle ilgili konuları bilme ve
gelişmeleri takip etme sorumluluğu vardır. Bu makale adli diş hekimliğinde kullanılan ve
bilinen metotlar üzerinde geliştirilen yenilikler ve en son fikirler üzerine
bir değerlendirme sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Adli diş hekimliği, Dental
kimliklendirme, Dental görüntüleme, Isırık izleri

LATEST APPROACHES IN FORENSIC
DENTISTRY

Abstract:

Forensic
odontology is a dentistry branch which is highly open to development. The fact
that teeth and dental features are unique and that these properties can be
retained for long periods without deterioration under any circumstances,
enhances the importance of forensic dentistry studies. One of the most important works
of this field is, identification. The race, sex and age of a person can be
determined by the information obtained from the teeth and jaw bone. Pre-recorded and stored dental
records have a great importance in identification. In addition, by the
examination of the mouth and teeth, some issues such as bite mark analysis,
lip-palate analysis and trauma damage detection, can be solved. Bite marks are unique as
fingerprints and are used successfully in identification. Identification can be
done by examination of a dead or living person, as well as by examining a part
of a human body, a tissue and some traces. The teeth are resistant to external factors and are
protected in the jaw bone. For
this reason, DNA is still obtained after many years from the protected  dentine and pulp cells. Especially in the identification of unknown
persons, the dental properties, the treatments and protheses play a very
important role in determining the identity of that person. The teeth are of primary
importance in the identification of unrecognized bodies that have been burned,
fragmented or exposed to post-mortem changes. Various methods have been developed to determine the
race, sex and age of the individual. In
the determination of age, radiological techniques are used in young people and
morphological, histological and chemical techniques are used in older ages.
These techniques are
progressing every year and new ones are added.

Forensic
dentistry lectures is not given in dentistry faculties and so this formation is
incomplete. However,
each dentist has the responsibility to know the issues related to the
profession and to follow the developments. This article provides an assessment of the latest
ideas which have been developed on known methods used in forensic dentistry.

 Key
words: Forensic dentistry, Dental
identification, Dental imaging, Bite marks

Keywords

Adli diş hekimliği, Dental kimliklendirme, Dental görüntüleme

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