EBEVEYNLERİN SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUMUNUN VE ORAL HİJYEN ALIŞKANLIKLARININ ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 366 - 372, 15.07.2020

Tuğba Yiğit Çiğdem Küçükeşmen

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.752020

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü ve sosyoekonomik durum arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek ve riskli sosyo-ekonomik gruplarda çürük önleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamıza 3-5 yaşları arasında erken çocukluk çürüğü olan, gönüllü ve rastgele seçilmiş 530 çocuk ve ebeveyni dahil edilmiştir. Ebeveynlerin ve çocukların ağız içi muayenelerinin yapılmış ve ebeveynlere anket formları doldurtulmuştur. Klinik muayenede, çocukların dmfs ve ebeveynlerin DMFT, gingival ve basitleştirilmiş oral hijyen indeks değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sosyo-ekonomik seviyenin belirlenmesinde; eğitim, gelir ve meslek durumu temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS yazılım programı ile incelenmiş, ANOVA, Tukey, Ki-kare ve t-test kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ebeveynleri memur olan çocukların dmfs değerleri daha düşük bulunurken, ebeveynlerin çalışmadığı ve gelir düzeyi düşük ailelerin çocuklarında dmfs değerlerinin yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir (p<0,001). Ebeveynlerin eğitim seviyeleri arttıkça, çocukların dmfs değerlerinin azaldığı, diş fırçalama sıklığının arttığı ve fırçalamaya başlama yaşının düştüğü tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001). Gingival ve oral hijyen indeks değerleri 3 olan (p<0,01), haftada 1 kez diş fırçalayan veya hiç diş fırçalamayan (p<0,001), diş ipi kullanmayan ebeveynlerin ve gargara kullanmayan (p<0,001) annelerin çocuklarında dmfs değerlerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmektedir.
Sonuç: Düşük sosyo-ekonomik seviyedeki çocuklarda diş çürüklerinin önlenmesinin, yüksek sosyo-ekonomik seviyedeki çocuklar kadar başarılı olmadığı görülmüştür. Çocukların rol model olarak aldıkları ebeveynlerinin oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının, çocukların alışkanlıklarının şekillenmesi üzerinde oldukça önemli olduğu düşüncesine varılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ağız sağlığı, erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri, risk faktörleri
THE EFFECTS OF PARENTS’ ORAL HYGIENE HABİTS AND SOCIO-ECONOMİC STATUS ON EARLY CHİLDHOOD CARİES
ABSTRACT
Aim: The focused the study is to assess the connection between early childhood caries and socioeconomic status and to contribute to develop strategies for preventing caries in risky socio-economic groups.
Material and methods: Our study conducted with 3-5 years old, 530 children and randomized questionnaires for parents and performing oral examinations of parents and children by the dentist. Mothers of 463 children and fathers of 246 children were examined. In clinical examination, DMFT, gingival and simplified oral hygiene index values of the parents and dmfs index values of the children's were calculated.The datas were analyzed by SPSS software program and assessed with ANOVA, Tukey, Chi-square and t-test.
Results: While the dmfs values of the children whose parents were civil servants were found lower, it was observed that the dmfs values were higher in the parents who did not work and the children of low income families (p <0.001). The dmfs values of children decreased opposite, and frequency of tooth brushing was changed parallel to the educational level of parents. Otherwise, starting brushing was gone to the earlier ages (p <0.001). The dmfs values of the children were very high whose mothers never use oral mouthwash (p <0.001), parents brush their teeth weekly/never and never use dental floss (p <0.001), gingival and oral hygiene index values are 3 (p <0.01).
Conclusion: Prevention of dental caries in children at low socio-economic level is not as successful as children at high socio-economic level.
Key words: Oral health, early childhood caries, risk factors.

Keywords

Ağız sağlığı, erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri, risk faktörleri

References

• 1. Ismail AI, Sohn W. A systematic review of clinical diagnostic criteria of early childhood caries. J Public Health Dent 1999;59(3):171-91.
• 2. Ivančević V, Tušek I, Tušek J, Knežević M, Elheshk S, Luković I. Using association rule mining to identify risk factors for early childhood caries. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2015;122(2):175-81.
• 3. EzEldeen M, Gizani S, Declerck D. Long-term outcome of oral health in patients with early childhood caries treated under general anaesthesia. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16(4):333-40.
• 4. Fontana M. The clinical, environmental, and behavioral factors that foster early childhood caries: evidence for caries risk assessment. Pediatr Dent 2015;37(3):217-25.
• 5. Nakayama Y, Mori M. Association between nocturnal breastfeeding and snacking habits and the risk of early childhood caries in 18-to 23-month-old Japanese children. J Epidemiol 2015;25(2):142-7.
• 6. Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, Phantumvanit P, Pitts NB, Seow WK, Sharkov N, Songpaisan Y, Twetman S. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:238‐48.
• 7. Ismail AI. Determinants of health in children and the problem of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2003;25(4):328-33.
• 8. Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38(6):610-6.
• 9. Greene JG, Vermillion JR. The simplified oral hygiene index. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68(1):7-13.
• 10. de Souza P, Proença MAM, Franco MM, Rodrigues VP, Costa JF, Costa EL. Association between early childhood caries and maternal caries status: A cross-section study in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Eur J Dent 2015;9(1):122-6.
• 11. Azevedo M, van de Sande F, Maske T, Signori C, Romano A, Cenci M. Correlation between the cariogenic response in biofilms generated from saliva of mother/child pairs. Biofouling 2014;30(8):903-9.
• 12. Schou L, Uitenbroek D. Social and behavioural indicators of caries experience in 5‐year‐old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23(5):276-81.
• 13. dos Santos Junior VE, de Sousa RMB, Oliveira MC, de Caldas Junior AF, Rosenblatt A. Early childhood caries and its relationship with perinatal, socioeconomic and nutritional risks: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2014;14(1):1-5.
• 14. Dye BA, Vargas CM, Lee JJ, Magder L, Tinanoff N. Assessing the relationship between children's oral health status and that of their mothers. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142(2):173-83.
• 15. Early Childhood Caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29(3):384-6.
• 16. Fontana M, Jackson R, Eckert G, Swigonski N, Chin J, Zandona AF, Ando M, Stookey GK, Downs S, Zero DT. Identification of caries risk factors in toddlers. J Dent Res 2011;90(2):209-14.
• 17. Majorana A, Cagetti MG, Bardellini E, Amadori F, Conti G, Strohmenger L, Campus G. Feeding and smoking habits as cumulative risk factors for early childhood caries in toddlers, after adjustment for several behavioral determinants: a retrospective study. BMC pediatrics 2014;14(1):1-8.
• 18. Borutta A, Wagner M, Kneist S. Early childhood caries: A multi-factorial disease. OHDMBSC 2010;9(1):32-8.
• 19. Plutzer K, Keirse M. Incidence and prevention of early childhood caries in one‐and two‐parent families. Child Care Health Dev 2011;37(1):5-10.
• 20. van Palenstein Helderman W, Soe W, Van’t Hof M. Risk factors of early childhood caries in a Southeast Asian population. J Dent Res 2006;85(1):85-8.
• 21. Zhou Y, Yang J, Lo E, Lin H. The contribution of life course determinants to early childhood caries: a 2-year cohort study. Caries Res 2012;46(2):87-94.
• 22. Jain M, Namdev R, Bodh M, Dutta S, Singhal P, Kumar A. Social and behavioral determinants for Early Childhood Caries among preschool children in India. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015;9(2):115-20.
• 23. Du M, Luo Y, Zeng X, Alkhatib N, Bedi R. Caries in preschool children and its risk factors in 2 provinces in China. Quintessence Int 2007;38(2):143-51.
• 24. Nunes AMM, da Silva AAM, Alves CMC, Hugo FN, Ribeiro CCC. Factors underlying the polarization of early childhood caries within a high-risk population. BMC Public Health 2014;14:1-9.
• 25. Winter J, Glaser M, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Pieper K. Association of caries increment in preschool children with nutritional and preventive variables. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19(8):1913-9.
• 26. Seow W, Clifford H, Battistutta D, Morawska A, Holcombe T. Case-control study of early childhood caries in Australia. Caries Res 2009;43(1):25-35.
• 27. Li Y, Wang W. Predicting caries in permanent teeth from caries in primary teeth: an eight-year cohort study. J Dent Res 2002;81(8):561-6.
• 28. Hayden C, Bowler JO, Chambers S, Freeman R, Humphris G, Richards D, Cecil JE. Obesity and dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013;41(4):289-308.
• 29. Olatosi O, Inem V, Sofola O, Prakash P, Sote E. The prevalence of early childhood caries and its associated risk factors among preschool children referred to a tertiary care institution. Niger J Clin Pract 2015;18(4):493-501.
• 30. Al‐Hosani E, Rugg‐Gunn A. Combination of low parental educational attainment and high parental income related to high caries experience in pre‐school children in Abu Dhabi. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26(1):31-6.
• 31. Feldens C, Giugliani E, Vigo A, Vítolo M. Early feeding practices and severe early childhood caries in four-year-old children from southern Brazil: a birth cohort study. Caries Res 2010;44(5):445-52.
• 32. Singh A, Gambhir RS, Singh S, Kapoor V, Singh J. Oral health: How much do you know?-A study on knowledge, attitude and practices of patients visiting a North Indian dental school. Eur J Dent 2014;8(1):63-7.
• 33. Wong M, Lu HX, Lo E. Caries increment over 2 years in preschool children: a life course approach. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012;22(2):77-84.
• 34. Tulunoğlu Ö, Bodur H, Akal N. Aile eğitim düzeyinin okul öncesi çocuklardaki ağız diş sağlığı uygulamaları üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontologica Turcica 1999;16(2):27-32.
• 35. Namal N, Vehit H, Can G. Risk factors for dental caries in Turkish preschool children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2005;23(3):115-8.
• 36. Namal N, Yuceokur A, Can G. Significant caries index values and related factors in 5-6-year-old children in Istanbul, Turkey. East Mediterr Health J 2009;15(1):178-84.
• 37. Ersin NK, Eronat N, Cogulu D, Uzel A, Aksit S. Association of maternal-child characteristics as a factor in early childhood caries and salivary bacterial counts. J Dent Child (Chic) 2006;73(2):105-11.
• 38. Kırzıoğlu Z, Gürbüz T, Şimşek S, Yağdıran A, Karatoprak O. Erzurum, Bursa ve Isparta illerinde, 2-5 yaş grubu çocuklarda çürük sıklığı ve bazı risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2002;12(2):6-13.
• 39. Du M, Guo L, Holt R, Champion J, Bedi R. Caries patterns and their relationship to infant feeding and socio‐economic status in 2–4‐year‐old Chinese children. Int Dent J 2000;50(6):385-9.
• 40. Retnakumari N, Cyriac G. Childhood caries as influenced by maternal and child characteristics in pre-school children of Kerala-an epidemiological study. Contemp Clin Dent 2012;3(1):2-8.
• 41. Finlayson TL, Siefert K, Ismail AI, Sohn W. Maternal self‐efficacy and 1–5‐year‐old children's brushing habits. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35(4):272-81.
• 42. Meyer F, Enax J. Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention. Int J Dent 2018;(22):1-7.
• 43. Prakasha Shrutha S, Vinit GBG, Giri KY, Alam S. Feeding practices and early childhood caries: A cross-sectional study of preschool children in Kanpur district, India. ISRN Dent 2013;2013(1):1-6.
• 44. Mattila M-L, Rautava P, Sillanpää M, Paunio P. Caries in five-year-old children and associations with family-related factors. J Dent Res 2000;79(3):875-81.