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HASTALARIN PSİKOSOSYAL TEPKİLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 101 - 112, 19.02.2010

Abstract

Hastalıklar kişinin yaşamında yaygın, zorlayıcı, erken deneyimlerdir ve hem objektif, hem
subjektif boyutları vardır. Hastanın hastalıkla ilgili subjektif deneyimini anlamak psikososyal
boyutun anahtarıdır. Çoğu hasta için hastalıklar stres yaratan bir durum olarak algılanır.
Hemşireliğin hareket alanı sağlık problemlerinin kendisi değil, sağlık problemlerine kişinin
tepkisidir. Hastalığa psikososyal tepkiler, hastanın psikolojik bütünlüğünü korumak için açığa
çıkan tüm kognitif, emosyonel ve davranışsal yanıtları içerir. Hastanın hastalığa psikolojik
yanıtını karakterize etmede doğru tek bir yol yoktur. Benzer hastalığa sahip hastaların tepkileri
birbirinden farklıdır ve tepkileri etkileyen birçok faktör vardır. Bu tepkiler, fiziksel hastalığın
özelliklerine, hastanın bireysel özelliklerine, çevrenin özelliklerine göre şekillenir. Hemşirenin,
fiziksel bir hastalıkla karşılaşan kişinin bu tepkilerini tanıyabilmesi ve etkileyen faktörleri bilerek
hastayı değerlendirmesi, gerekli hemşirelik girişimlerinde bulunabilmesi için ilk basamaktır.
Bu yazıda, fiziksel hastalık stresine emosyonel ve davranışsal yanıtların önemli
göstergeleri olarak hastalık algısına, kişilik tipine, savunma mekanizmalarına, baş etme biçimine
yer verilerek bireysel sübjektivitenin önemi vurgulanmıştır.

References

  • KAYNAKLAR ………… Report of a joint working party of the Royal College of physicians and the royal college of psychiatrists, the psychological care of medical patients. A practical guide (2003). Second edition, London.
  • Barry PD (1996). Psychosocial Nursing Care of Physically Ill Patients Their Families. 3. ed., Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
  • Browne GB, Byrne C, Roberts J et al. (1988). The meaning of illness questionnaire: Reliability and validity. Nursing Research 37(6):368-373.
  • Druss RG (1997). Hastalığın Psikolojisi Hastalıkta ve Sağlıkta. (Çeviren: Tüzer TT), Compos Mentis Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Ellis J, Nowlis E (1994). Nursing: A Human Needs Approach. 5 th Edition, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
  • Endler NS, Parker JDA (1990). Multidimensional assesment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58(5): 844-854
  • Folkman S, Lazarus RS (1988). Manual for The Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press, USA.
  • Gorman LM, Raines ML, Sultan DF (2002). Psychosocial Nursing for General Patient Care. 2. ed, FA Davis Company, USA.
  • Grendell RN (2000). Psychologic aspects of physiologic illness. Editör: Fortinash KM, Holoday-Worret PA. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 2.ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 709-724.
  • Groves MS, Muskin PR (2005). Psychological responces to illness. Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine. Editör: Levenson JL, American Psychiatirc Publishings, Washington, 67-88.
  • Heim E, Valach L, Schaffner L (1997). Coping and psychological adaptation: longitudinal effects over time and stage in breast cancer. Psychosomatic Medicine 59:408-418.
  • Heiskell LE, Pasnau RO (1991). Psychological reaction to hospitalization and illness in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 9:207-218.
  • Kozier B, Erb G, Blais K, Wilkinson J (1994). Fundamentals of Nursing. 5. ed, Addison-Wesley, New York.
  • Lazarus RS (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine 55: 234-247.
  • Lipowski ZJ (1983). Psychosocial reactions to physical illness. Canadian Medical Association Journal 128:1069-1072.
  • Lloyd GG (1991). Psychological reactions in physically ill patients. Handbook of Studies on General Hospital Psychiatry. Editörler: Judd FK, Burrows GD, Lipsitt DR, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Oxford, 29-41.
  • Maynard C (1997). Illness and its impact on patients and families. Professional Nursing Concepts and Challenges. Editör: Chitty KK, 2. ed, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 352-374.
  • McHaffie HE (1992). The assesment of coping. Clinical Nursing Research 1(1): 6779.
  • Miller MC (2001). Personality disorders. The Medical Clinics of North America 85:819837.
  • Mitchell PH, Gallucci B, Fought SG (1991). Perspectives on human response to health and illness. Nursing Outlook 39(4):154-157.
  • Ojala E (1989). Behavioral resonses to illness. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. Editör: Birckhead LM, J.B. Lippincott Comp., Phıladelphia, 157-171.
  • Özkan S (1993). Psikiyatrik Tıp: Konsültasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi. Roche İlaç Sanayii A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • Öztürk O (2002). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Feryal Matbaası, 9. Basım, Ankara.
  • Penley JA, Tomaka J, Wiebe JS (2002). The association of coping to physical and psychological health outcomes: a metaanalytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 25:551-603.
  • Perry S, Viederman M (1981). Management of emotional reactions to acute medical illness. The Medical Clinics of North America 65:3-14.
  • Schussler G (1992). Coping strategies and individual meanings of illness. Social Science and Medicine 34:427-432.
  • Sensky T (1997). Causal attributions in physical illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 43:565-573.
  • Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ (1991). Psychological responses to physical illness. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Editör: Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ, 4. ed, Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 659-679.
  • Vaillant GE (1993). The Wisdom of the Ego. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 101 - 112, 19.02.2010

Abstract

References

  • KAYNAKLAR ………… Report of a joint working party of the Royal College of physicians and the royal college of psychiatrists, the psychological care of medical patients. A practical guide (2003). Second edition, London.
  • Barry PD (1996). Psychosocial Nursing Care of Physically Ill Patients Their Families. 3. ed., Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
  • Browne GB, Byrne C, Roberts J et al. (1988). The meaning of illness questionnaire: Reliability and validity. Nursing Research 37(6):368-373.
  • Druss RG (1997). Hastalığın Psikolojisi Hastalıkta ve Sağlıkta. (Çeviren: Tüzer TT), Compos Mentis Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Ellis J, Nowlis E (1994). Nursing: A Human Needs Approach. 5 th Edition, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
  • Endler NS, Parker JDA (1990). Multidimensional assesment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58(5): 844-854
  • Folkman S, Lazarus RS (1988). Manual for The Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press, USA.
  • Gorman LM, Raines ML, Sultan DF (2002). Psychosocial Nursing for General Patient Care. 2. ed, FA Davis Company, USA.
  • Grendell RN (2000). Psychologic aspects of physiologic illness. Editör: Fortinash KM, Holoday-Worret PA. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 2.ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 709-724.
  • Groves MS, Muskin PR (2005). Psychological responces to illness. Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine. Editör: Levenson JL, American Psychiatirc Publishings, Washington, 67-88.
  • Heim E, Valach L, Schaffner L (1997). Coping and psychological adaptation: longitudinal effects over time and stage in breast cancer. Psychosomatic Medicine 59:408-418.
  • Heiskell LE, Pasnau RO (1991). Psychological reaction to hospitalization and illness in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 9:207-218.
  • Kozier B, Erb G, Blais K, Wilkinson J (1994). Fundamentals of Nursing. 5. ed, Addison-Wesley, New York.
  • Lazarus RS (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine 55: 234-247.
  • Lipowski ZJ (1983). Psychosocial reactions to physical illness. Canadian Medical Association Journal 128:1069-1072.
  • Lloyd GG (1991). Psychological reactions in physically ill patients. Handbook of Studies on General Hospital Psychiatry. Editörler: Judd FK, Burrows GD, Lipsitt DR, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Oxford, 29-41.
  • Maynard C (1997). Illness and its impact on patients and families. Professional Nursing Concepts and Challenges. Editör: Chitty KK, 2. ed, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 352-374.
  • McHaffie HE (1992). The assesment of coping. Clinical Nursing Research 1(1): 6779.
  • Miller MC (2001). Personality disorders. The Medical Clinics of North America 85:819837.
  • Mitchell PH, Gallucci B, Fought SG (1991). Perspectives on human response to health and illness. Nursing Outlook 39(4):154-157.
  • Ojala E (1989). Behavioral resonses to illness. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. Editör: Birckhead LM, J.B. Lippincott Comp., Phıladelphia, 157-171.
  • Özkan S (1993). Psikiyatrik Tıp: Konsültasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi. Roche İlaç Sanayii A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • Öztürk O (2002). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Feryal Matbaası, 9. Basım, Ankara.
  • Penley JA, Tomaka J, Wiebe JS (2002). The association of coping to physical and psychological health outcomes: a metaanalytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 25:551-603.
  • Perry S, Viederman M (1981). Management of emotional reactions to acute medical illness. The Medical Clinics of North America 65:3-14.
  • Schussler G (1992). Coping strategies and individual meanings of illness. Social Science and Medicine 34:427-432.
  • Sensky T (1997). Causal attributions in physical illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 43:565-573.
  • Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ (1991). Psychological responses to physical illness. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Editör: Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ, 4. ed, Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 659-679.
  • Vaillant GE (1993). The Wisdom of the Ego. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language tr; en
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazmiye Kocaman This is me

Publication Date February 19, 2010
Submission Date February 19, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kocaman N. HASTALARIN PSİKOSOSYAL TEPKİLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2010;11(1):101-12.

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