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YOĞUN BAKIM HASTALARINDA AĞRI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 96 - 104, 19.02.2010

Abstract

Yoğun bakım üniteleri en iyi teknolojiler ve iyi yetişmiş personelle donatılmasına rağmen
ağrı yeterince önemsenmemektedir.
Tüm yoğun bakım hastalarının ağrı için yüksek riskli oldukları bilinmektedir. Ödem,
enfeksiyon, iskemi immobilizasyon, invaziv ve non invaziv araçların kullanımı ağrıya neden
olabilir. Uygulanan hemşirelik girişimleri de (aspirasyon, çevirme, pansuman değişimi, vb.)
ağrının nedeni olabilir. Özellikle entübe ve sedasyonda olan, bilinci bozulan yoğun bakım
hastaları sözel iletişim kuramadıklarından ağrılarını ifade edemeyebilir. Ağrının
değerlendirilmesinde en güvenilir kaynak hastanın kendisidir. Bu nedenle yoğun bakım
hastalarında ağrının değerlendirilmesinde sözlü ve sözsüz parametrelerin, ağrıya verilen
davranışsal belirtilerin bulunduğu ölçeklerin kullanılması önemlidir.
Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin hastayla en fazla birlikte olan ekip üyesi olmaları, onları
yakından izlemeleri nedeniyle ağrının değerlendirilmesi ve giderilmesinde büyük sorumlulukları
vardır.
Bu makalede yoğun bakım hastalarında ağrı değerlendirilmesinin önemi, ağrıya neden
olan faktörler, ağrının belirtileri, yoğun bakım hastasında ağrı değerlendirmesini etkileyen
faktörler ve ağrı değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek ölçeklere yer verilmektedir.

References

  • Badir A, Eti-Aslan F (2003). Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çok konuşulan az sorgulanan bir sorun: Ağrı. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi 7(2): 100–108.
  • Blenkharn A, Faughnan S, Morgan A (2002). Developing a pain assessment toll for use by nurses in an adult intensive care unıt. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 18:332–341.
  • Brown AK, Chiristo PJ, Wu CL (2004). Strategies for postoperative pain management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 18 (4):703–717.
  • Bruster S, Jarman B, Bosanquet N et al. (1994). National survey of hospital patient. British Medical Journal 309: 1542–1546.
  • Cheever K (1999). Reducing the effects of acute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 18 (3):14–23.
  • Chong CA, Burchett, Kenneth, R (2003). Pain management in the critical care. CEPD Rewiews 3: 183–186.
  • Devlin JW, Boleski G, Mlynare M et al. (1999). Motor Activity Assessment Scale: Avalid and reliable sedation scale for use with the mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit. Cirtical Care Medicine 27: 1271–1275.
  • Erdek M (2003). Pain in the critically ill patient. Techniqes in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management 7: 161–165.
  • Eti-Aslan F, Badir A, Selimen D (2003). How do intensive care nurses assess patients’ pain?. Nursing in Critical Care 8(2): 62–67.
  • Gelinas C, Fortier M, Viens C et al. (2004). Pain assessment and management in critically ill intubated patients: retrospective study. American Journal of Ciritical Care 13(2): 126–135.
  • Haljame H, Stomberg MW (2003). Postoperative pain management- practice guidlines. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 14: 203–206
  • Herr K, Patrick J, Coyne PJ et al. (2006). Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Management Nursing 7(2): 44–52.
  • Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR et al. (1997). The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring post-operative pain in young children. Pediatric Nursing 23: 293–297.
  • Odhner M, Wegman D, Freeland N et al. (2003). Assessing pain control in nonverbal critically ill adults. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 22(6): 260–267.
  • Pasero C, McCaffery M (1997). Pain Ratings: The fifth vital signs. American Journal of Nursing 2.15–16.
  • Pasero C, McCaffery M (2000). When patients can’t report pain. American Journal of Nursing 10(9): 22–23.
  • Pasero C (2003). Pain in the critically ill patient. Journal of PeriAnestezia Nursing 6: 422–425.
  • Payen JF, Oliver B, Jean-Luc B et al. (2001). Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Critical Care Medicine 29(12): 2258–2263.
  • Puntillo KA (1990). Pain experience of intevsive care unit patients. Heart&Lung 19(5): 526–533
  • Puntillo KA, White C, Morris AB et al. (2001). Patients’ perceptions and responses to procedural pain: Results from thunder Project II. American Journal of Critical Care 10(4):238–251.
  • Puntillo KA, Stannard D, Mias-kowski C et al. (2002). Use of a pain assessment and intervention notation (P.A.I.N.) tool in critical care nursing practice: Nurses’ evaluations. Heart & Lung 31(4): 303–314.
  • Sarıcaoğlu F, Akıncı SB, Dal D ve ark. (2005). Yoğun bakımda analjezi ve sedasyon. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 36: 86–90.
  • Shannon K, Bucknall T (2003). Pain assessment in critical care: what have we learnt from research. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 19: 154–162.
  • Stanik-Hutt JA (1998). Protocols for practice: Applyıng research at the bedside. Critical Care Nurse 18(5):85–88.
  • Stanik-Hutt JA, Soeken KL, Belcner AE et al. (2001). Pain experience of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting. American Journal of Critical Care 10(4): 252–259.
  • Wegman D (2005). Tool for pain ssessment. Critical Care Nursing 25(1):14–15.
  • Young J, Siffleet J, Nikoletti S et al. (2006). Use of Behavioral pain scale to assess pain in ventilated, unconscious and/or sedated patients. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 22: 32–39.
Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 96 - 104, 19.02.2010

Abstract

References

  • Badir A, Eti-Aslan F (2003). Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çok konuşulan az sorgulanan bir sorun: Ağrı. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi 7(2): 100–108.
  • Blenkharn A, Faughnan S, Morgan A (2002). Developing a pain assessment toll for use by nurses in an adult intensive care unıt. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 18:332–341.
  • Brown AK, Chiristo PJ, Wu CL (2004). Strategies for postoperative pain management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 18 (4):703–717.
  • Bruster S, Jarman B, Bosanquet N et al. (1994). National survey of hospital patient. British Medical Journal 309: 1542–1546.
  • Cheever K (1999). Reducing the effects of acute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 18 (3):14–23.
  • Chong CA, Burchett, Kenneth, R (2003). Pain management in the critical care. CEPD Rewiews 3: 183–186.
  • Devlin JW, Boleski G, Mlynare M et al. (1999). Motor Activity Assessment Scale: Avalid and reliable sedation scale for use with the mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit. Cirtical Care Medicine 27: 1271–1275.
  • Erdek M (2003). Pain in the critically ill patient. Techniqes in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management 7: 161–165.
  • Eti-Aslan F, Badir A, Selimen D (2003). How do intensive care nurses assess patients’ pain?. Nursing in Critical Care 8(2): 62–67.
  • Gelinas C, Fortier M, Viens C et al. (2004). Pain assessment and management in critically ill intubated patients: retrospective study. American Journal of Ciritical Care 13(2): 126–135.
  • Haljame H, Stomberg MW (2003). Postoperative pain management- practice guidlines. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 14: 203–206
  • Herr K, Patrick J, Coyne PJ et al. (2006). Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Management Nursing 7(2): 44–52.
  • Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR et al. (1997). The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring post-operative pain in young children. Pediatric Nursing 23: 293–297.
  • Odhner M, Wegman D, Freeland N et al. (2003). Assessing pain control in nonverbal critically ill adults. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 22(6): 260–267.
  • Pasero C, McCaffery M (1997). Pain Ratings: The fifth vital signs. American Journal of Nursing 2.15–16.
  • Pasero C, McCaffery M (2000). When patients can’t report pain. American Journal of Nursing 10(9): 22–23.
  • Pasero C (2003). Pain in the critically ill patient. Journal of PeriAnestezia Nursing 6: 422–425.
  • Payen JF, Oliver B, Jean-Luc B et al. (2001). Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Critical Care Medicine 29(12): 2258–2263.
  • Puntillo KA (1990). Pain experience of intevsive care unit patients. Heart&Lung 19(5): 526–533
  • Puntillo KA, White C, Morris AB et al. (2001). Patients’ perceptions and responses to procedural pain: Results from thunder Project II. American Journal of Critical Care 10(4):238–251.
  • Puntillo KA, Stannard D, Mias-kowski C et al. (2002). Use of a pain assessment and intervention notation (P.A.I.N.) tool in critical care nursing practice: Nurses’ evaluations. Heart & Lung 31(4): 303–314.
  • Sarıcaoğlu F, Akıncı SB, Dal D ve ark. (2005). Yoğun bakımda analjezi ve sedasyon. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 36: 86–90.
  • Shannon K, Bucknall T (2003). Pain assessment in critical care: what have we learnt from research. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 19: 154–162.
  • Stanik-Hutt JA (1998). Protocols for practice: Applyıng research at the bedside. Critical Care Nurse 18(5):85–88.
  • Stanik-Hutt JA, Soeken KL, Belcner AE et al. (2001). Pain experience of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting. American Journal of Critical Care 10(4): 252–259.
  • Wegman D (2005). Tool for pain ssessment. Critical Care Nursing 25(1):14–15.
  • Young J, Siffleet J, Nikoletti S et al. (2006). Use of Behavioral pain scale to assess pain in ventilated, unconscious and/or sedated patients. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 22: 32–39.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language tr; en
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özgül Karayurt This is me

Özay Akyol This is me

Publication Date February 19, 2010
Submission Date February 19, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Karayurt Ö, Akyol Ö. YOĞUN BAKIM HASTALARINDA AĞRI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2010;11(4):96-104.

Journal is listed in the EBSCO CINAHL Database since 2019.

Journal of Anatolian Nursing and Health Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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