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Physical Examination and Nursing Care Iin Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Year 2019, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 306 - 312, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.456565

Abstract

This review deals with the
importance of the nurse’s foot examination in patients with diabetic foot
ulcer, the physical examination of the foot, and the care of the diabetic foot
ulcer according to Wagner classification. The detailed examination of the feet
of the diabetic individual is crucial for the determination of the at-risk
condition in the feet, possible ulcer development, and for the treatment of
existing ulcer. During the physical examination of the foot, foot deformities
causing peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and ulcer
development, ulcer localization, ulcer stages, the presence of infection, and
walking characteristics are evaluated. Because the risk of diabetic foot ulcer
formation increases with the increase in the duration of diabetes and the rate
of recurrence is high once ulcer occurs, the nurse should know the risk factors
that lead to the diabetic foot ulcer development and evaluate the foot in the
light of these risk factors. The aim of the care in diabetic foot ulcers is to
protect the tissue integrity, prevent new wound formation and further tissue
destruction and infection development, and provide wound care.

References

  • Referans1 Aalaa M., Malazy OT, Sanjari M, Peimani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Nurses’ role in diabetic foot prevention and care; a review. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 2012; 11(1), 24-31.
  • Referans2 ADA-2018., American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 2018 41(Suppl. 1):S1–S2 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-SINT01
  • Referans3 Alavi A, Sibbald RG, Mayer D, Goodman L, Botros, M, Armstrong DG, ... ve Kirsner RS. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Part II. Management. Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology,2014; 70(1), 21-e1.
  • Referans4 Armstrong DG, McCulloch DK, Rchard J, Asla RJ. Management of diabetc foot ulcers. UpToDate. 2018. 1-8.
  • Referans5 Armstrong DG., Boulton AJ, Bus, SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 376(24), 2367-2375. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1615439
  • Referans6 Alexiadou K, Doupis J. Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Therapy 2012; 3(4),1-15. DOI 10.1007/s13300-012-0004-9.
  • Referans7 Botros M, Kuhnke J, Embil J, Goettl K, Morin C, Parsons, L, ve ark. Evans, R. Best Practice Recommendations For The Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Canadian Association of Wound Care (Wounds Canada),2018. www.woundscanada.ca
  • Referans8 Boulton A, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, Frykberg RG, Hellman R, Kırkman, MS, Wukıch DK. Comprehensive Foot Examination and Risk Assessment: A Report of The Task Force of The Foot Care İnterest Group of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 2008; 31, 1679-85. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9021.
  • Referans9 Chadwick P, Edmonds M, McCardle J, Armstrong D. International Best Practice Guıdelines: Wound Management in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wounds International 2013:1-40.
  • Referans10 Chiwanga FS, Njelekela MA. Diabetic Foot: Prevalence, Knowledge, And Foot Self-Care Practices Among Diabetic Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania–a Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Foot And Ankle Research 2015;8(1),1-7. DOI.10.1186/s13047-015-0080-y
  • Referans11 Dumville JC, Soares MO, O’Meara S, Cullum N. Systematic Review and Mixed Treatment Comparison: Dressings to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1902–10. DOI 10.1007/s00125-012-2558-5.
  • Referans12 IDF Diabetes Atlas 2017. 8th edition Online version of IDF Diabetes Atlas: www.diabetesatlas.org.
  • Referans13 Jain AKC, Joshi S. Diabetic Foot Classifications: Review of Literature, Medicine Science 2013: 2(3), 715-21. DOI:10.5455/medscience.2013.02.8069.
  • Referans14 Jeffcoate WJ, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ. Current challenges and opportunities in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 2018; 41(4), 645-652.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1836.
  • Referans15 Kahraman A., Olgun N. Diyabet Eğitimi ve Diyabet Hemşiresinin Rolü. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Family Medicine Special Topics 2015; 6(1), 87-92.
  • Referans16 Karakeçili F, Kalkan A. Yara Yönetiminde Enfeksiyona Yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics, 2015; 8(3), 44-9.
  • Referans17 Kır Biçer , E., Olgun, N. Diyabetik Ayak Ülserlerinden Korunma ve Yara Bakımı. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2007; 4 (1): 28-31.
  • Referans18 Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, Pile JC, Peters EJG, Armstrong DG, ve ark. Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Diabetic Foot İnfections. Clinical İnfectious Diseases, 2012,54:679-1684.
  • Referans19 Mendes JJ, Neves J. Diabetic Foot İnfections: Current Diagnosis And Treatment. Journal of Diabetic Foot Complications, 2012; 4(2),26-45.
  • Referans20 McCulloch DK, Overvew of Medical Care İn Adults With Diabetes Mellitus. UpToDate 2017;1-10.
  • Referans21 McCulloch DK. Evaluation of The Diabetic Foot. UpToDate.2018;1-7.
  • Referans22 NICE 2015. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. 2016.nice.org.uk/ guidance/ng19.
  • Referans23 Neşe AÇ, Ovayolu N. Diyabetik Ayak ve Bakımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2006, 9(2);89-97.
  • Referans24 Nural, N., Hintistan, S. Diyabetik Hastaların Ayak Bakımıyla İlgili Bilgi Ve Tutumlarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015; 18(2).
  • Referans25 Olgun N., Yalın H., Gülyüz Demir H. Diyabetli Birey Nasıl İzlenmelidir. Family Physician 2011; 2(3), 6-18.
  • Referans26 Saltoğlu N, Kılıçoğlu Ö, Baktıroğlu S, Oşar-Siva Z, Aktaş Ş, Altındaş M. ve ark. Diyabetik Ayak Yarası Ve İnfeksiyonunun Tanısı, Tedavisi Ve Önlenmesi: Ulusal Uzlaşı Raporu. Klimik Dergisi 2015; 28(Suppl 1), 2-34. DOI:10.5152/kd. 2015.29.
  • Referans27 Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA., Bakker K, and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, Based on The IWGDF Guidance Documents. Diabetes/Metabolism Research And Reviews 2016 32,7-15. DOI: 10.1002/dm rr.2695
  • Referans28 TURKDİAB Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2017. Güncellenmiş 7. Baskı. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. 2017. İstanbul
  • Referans29 Türkiye Diyabet Programı 2015-2020. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. 2.Baskı. 2014. Ankara.
  • Referans30 Yazdanpanah L, Nasiri M, Adarvishi S. Literature Review on The Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. World J Diabetes 2015;15,6(1):37-53.doı: 10.4239/wjd.v 6.i1.37.
  • Referans31 Yıldırım TD, Soyaltın UE, Yıldırım M, Kumbaracı M, Köse Ş, Akar H. Hastanemizin Palyatif Bakım Ünitesinde Tedavi Gören Diyabetik Ayak Enfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, 2016; 2(1),12-5. doi: 10.5606/fng.btd.2016.003.

DİYABETİK AYAK ÜLSERİNDE FİZİKSEL MUAYENE VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI

Year 2019, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 306 - 312, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.456565

Abstract

Bu derlemede,
diyabetik ayak ülserli hastalarda hemşirenin ayak muayenesi yapmasının önemi,
ayağın fiziksel muayenesi ve diyabetik ayak ülserinin Wagner’a göre
sınıflandırılarak yapılan bakımı üzerinde durulmuştur. Diyabetli bireyin
ayaklarının ayrıntılı muayenesi, ayaktaki risk durumunun belirlenmesi,
oluşabilecek ülserler ve var olan ülserin tedavisi için oldukça önemlidir.
Ayağın fizik muayenesinde periferal nöropati, periferik arter hastalığı ve
ülser gelişimine neden olan ayak deformiteleri, ülserin lokalizasyonunu,
ülserin evresi, enfeksiyon varlığı, yürüme özellikleri değerlendirilir. Diyabet
süresinin artması ile diyabetik ayak ülseri oluşma riski arttığı ve bir kez
ülser oluştuktan sonra tekrarlama oranı yüksek olduğu için hemşire, diyabetik
ayak ülserini oluşturan risk faktörlerini bilmeli ve bu risk faktörleri ile
birlikte ayağı değerlendirmelidir. Diyabetik ayak ülserlerinde bakımın amacı,
doku bütünlüğünün korunması, yeni yara oluşumunun engellenmesi, daha fazla doku
yıkımı ve enfeksiyon gelişiminin önlenmesi ve yara bakımının sağlanmasıdır. 

References

  • Referans1 Aalaa M., Malazy OT, Sanjari M, Peimani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Nurses’ role in diabetic foot prevention and care; a review. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 2012; 11(1), 24-31.
  • Referans2 ADA-2018., American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 2018 41(Suppl. 1):S1–S2 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-SINT01
  • Referans3 Alavi A, Sibbald RG, Mayer D, Goodman L, Botros, M, Armstrong DG, ... ve Kirsner RS. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Part II. Management. Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology,2014; 70(1), 21-e1.
  • Referans4 Armstrong DG, McCulloch DK, Rchard J, Asla RJ. Management of diabetc foot ulcers. UpToDate. 2018. 1-8.
  • Referans5 Armstrong DG., Boulton AJ, Bus, SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 376(24), 2367-2375. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1615439
  • Referans6 Alexiadou K, Doupis J. Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Therapy 2012; 3(4),1-15. DOI 10.1007/s13300-012-0004-9.
  • Referans7 Botros M, Kuhnke J, Embil J, Goettl K, Morin C, Parsons, L, ve ark. Evans, R. Best Practice Recommendations For The Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Canadian Association of Wound Care (Wounds Canada),2018. www.woundscanada.ca
  • Referans8 Boulton A, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, Frykberg RG, Hellman R, Kırkman, MS, Wukıch DK. Comprehensive Foot Examination and Risk Assessment: A Report of The Task Force of The Foot Care İnterest Group of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 2008; 31, 1679-85. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9021.
  • Referans9 Chadwick P, Edmonds M, McCardle J, Armstrong D. International Best Practice Guıdelines: Wound Management in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wounds International 2013:1-40.
  • Referans10 Chiwanga FS, Njelekela MA. Diabetic Foot: Prevalence, Knowledge, And Foot Self-Care Practices Among Diabetic Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania–a Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Foot And Ankle Research 2015;8(1),1-7. DOI.10.1186/s13047-015-0080-y
  • Referans11 Dumville JC, Soares MO, O’Meara S, Cullum N. Systematic Review and Mixed Treatment Comparison: Dressings to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1902–10. DOI 10.1007/s00125-012-2558-5.
  • Referans12 IDF Diabetes Atlas 2017. 8th edition Online version of IDF Diabetes Atlas: www.diabetesatlas.org.
  • Referans13 Jain AKC, Joshi S. Diabetic Foot Classifications: Review of Literature, Medicine Science 2013: 2(3), 715-21. DOI:10.5455/medscience.2013.02.8069.
  • Referans14 Jeffcoate WJ, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ. Current challenges and opportunities in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 2018; 41(4), 645-652.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1836.
  • Referans15 Kahraman A., Olgun N. Diyabet Eğitimi ve Diyabet Hemşiresinin Rolü. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Family Medicine Special Topics 2015; 6(1), 87-92.
  • Referans16 Karakeçili F, Kalkan A. Yara Yönetiminde Enfeksiyona Yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics, 2015; 8(3), 44-9.
  • Referans17 Kır Biçer , E., Olgun, N. Diyabetik Ayak Ülserlerinden Korunma ve Yara Bakımı. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2007; 4 (1): 28-31.
  • Referans18 Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, Pile JC, Peters EJG, Armstrong DG, ve ark. Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Diabetic Foot İnfections. Clinical İnfectious Diseases, 2012,54:679-1684.
  • Referans19 Mendes JJ, Neves J. Diabetic Foot İnfections: Current Diagnosis And Treatment. Journal of Diabetic Foot Complications, 2012; 4(2),26-45.
  • Referans20 McCulloch DK, Overvew of Medical Care İn Adults With Diabetes Mellitus. UpToDate 2017;1-10.
  • Referans21 McCulloch DK. Evaluation of The Diabetic Foot. UpToDate.2018;1-7.
  • Referans22 NICE 2015. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. 2016.nice.org.uk/ guidance/ng19.
  • Referans23 Neşe AÇ, Ovayolu N. Diyabetik Ayak ve Bakımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2006, 9(2);89-97.
  • Referans24 Nural, N., Hintistan, S. Diyabetik Hastaların Ayak Bakımıyla İlgili Bilgi Ve Tutumlarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015; 18(2).
  • Referans25 Olgun N., Yalın H., Gülyüz Demir H. Diyabetli Birey Nasıl İzlenmelidir. Family Physician 2011; 2(3), 6-18.
  • Referans26 Saltoğlu N, Kılıçoğlu Ö, Baktıroğlu S, Oşar-Siva Z, Aktaş Ş, Altındaş M. ve ark. Diyabetik Ayak Yarası Ve İnfeksiyonunun Tanısı, Tedavisi Ve Önlenmesi: Ulusal Uzlaşı Raporu. Klimik Dergisi 2015; 28(Suppl 1), 2-34. DOI:10.5152/kd. 2015.29.
  • Referans27 Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA., Bakker K, and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, Based on The IWGDF Guidance Documents. Diabetes/Metabolism Research And Reviews 2016 32,7-15. DOI: 10.1002/dm rr.2695
  • Referans28 TURKDİAB Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2017. Güncellenmiş 7. Baskı. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. 2017. İstanbul
  • Referans29 Türkiye Diyabet Programı 2015-2020. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. 2.Baskı. 2014. Ankara.
  • Referans30 Yazdanpanah L, Nasiri M, Adarvishi S. Literature Review on The Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. World J Diabetes 2015;15,6(1):37-53.doı: 10.4239/wjd.v 6.i1.37.
  • Referans31 Yıldırım TD, Soyaltın UE, Yıldırım M, Kumbaracı M, Köse Ş, Akar H. Hastanemizin Palyatif Bakım Ünitesinde Tedavi Gören Diyabetik Ayak Enfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, 2016; 2(1),12-5. doi: 10.5606/fng.btd.2016.003.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Şahizer Eraydın 0000-0002-2948-9677

Gülçin Avşar 0000-0002-7155-4276

Publication Date December 19, 2019
Submission Date August 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 22 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Eraydın Ş, Avşar G. DİYABETİK AYAK ÜLSERİNDE FİZİKSEL MUAYENE VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2019;22(4):306-12.

Journal is listed in the EBSCO CINAHL Database since 2019.

Journal of Anatolian Nursing and Health Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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