AMELİYATHANELERDE ÖNEMLİ BİR RİSK: BASINÇ YARALANMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 365 - 372, 25.09.2021

Sema Konateke

https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.902979

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Basınç yaralanması sağlık bakım maliyetlerini önemli ölçüde artırması, uzun bir tedavi süreci gerektirmesi ve hastanede kalış süresini uzatması nedeniyle önlenmesi ve tedavi edilmesi gereken küresel bir sorundur. Basınç yaralanması ağrıya, sosyal izolasyona ve iş kayıplarına neden olarak yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkiler. Cerrahi operasyon basınç yaralanması gelişimi için önemli bir risktir. Ameliyattan sonra ilk 48-72 saat içerisinde gelişen basınç yaralanmalarının ameliyata bağlı olduğu kabul edilir. Hastanın taşıma ya da pozisyon verme işlemlerinde basınç ve sürtünme kuvvetlerine maruz kalması, ameliyat tipine bağlı ameliyat süresinin uzaması, verilen anestezi etkisiyle duyusal algının bozulması ameliyat sırasında basınç yaralanmasına neden olan risk faktörleridir. Ayrıca bireysel risk faktörleri de ameliyata bağlı basınç yaralanma riskini artırır. Düşük ya da yüksek beden kütle indeksi, ileri yaş, komorbid hastalıklar ameliyattan önce değerlendirilmesi gereken bireysel risk faktörleridir. Kanıta dayalı geliştirilen rehberler ameliyata bağlı basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesi için; perioperatif basınç yarası risk değerlendirmesinin yapılmasını, hastanın yeniden konumlandırılmasını, destek yüzeylerin kullanılmasını, topukların ameliyat masasıyla temasının kesilmesini, basıncın tüm bedene dengeli olarak dağıtılmasını önerir. Ameliyathane ekibinin önemli bir üyesi olan ameliyathane hemşireleri hastanın bireysel risk faktörlerini göz önünde bulundurarak ameliyat sırasında gelişebilecek basınç yaralanmaları konusunda dikkatli olmalı, cildin düzenli kontrolünü yapmalı ve riski önlemelidir.

Keywords

ameliyathane, basınç yarası önleme, basınç yarası risk faktörleri, hemşirelik, basınç yarası

AN IMPORTANT RISK TO PREVENT IN THE OPERATING ROOMS: PRESSURE INJURY

Abstract

Pressure injury is a global problem that needs to be prevented and treated, as it significantly increases healthcare costs, requires a long treatment process and prolongs hospital stay. Pressure injury negatively affect the quality of life by causing pain, social isolation and job losses. Surgery is an important risk for pressure injury. Pressure injuries that develop within the first 48-72 hours after surgery are considered to be due to surgery. Exposure of the patient to pressure and friction force in carrying or positioning procedures, prolongation of the operation time depending on the type of surgery, deterioration of sensory perception with the effect of anesthesia are the risk factors that cause pressure injury during surgery. In addition, individual specific risk factors also increase the risk of pressure injury due to surgery. Low or high body mass index, advanced age, comorbid diseases are individual risk factors that should be evaluated before surgery. Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of pressure injuries due to surgery; it recommends performing perioperative pressure wound risk assessment, repositioning the patient, using support surfaces cutting off the contact of the heels with the operating table, and distributing the pressure evenly throughout the body. Operating room nurses, who are an important member of the operating room team, should be careful about pressure injuries that may develop during surgery, should regularly check the skin and prevent the risk, taking into account the individual risk factors of the patient.

Keywords

Pressure sore, operating room, pressure sore prevention, pressure sore risk factors

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