TİCARİ VE SİYASAL LİBERALİZASYON VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİLERİ: GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİ DENEYİMİ

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 161 - 195, 27.11.2010

Ö. Selçuk Emsen M. Kemal Değer

Öz

Kalkınma iktisadında popüler konulardan birisi de ekonomilerin
dışa açılması ve buna bağlı olarak büyümenin sağlanacağına dair argümandır.
Bu çerçevede, ekonomilerin liberalize edilmesi ve ihracata yönelik politikaların
uygulanmasının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı etkilerinin olduğunu ortaya
koyan çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, ihracatın büyüme
üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olabilirliğinin ön koşulunun asgari kalkınmışlık
düzeyinde olması gerekliliği ile ifade edilir. Diğer taraftan kurumsal yönetim ve
iyi idare kavramları ile giderek daha popüler hale gelen literatür ise, istikrarlı
büyümenin belirleyicilerinin sadece ekonomik liberalizasyonla değil, bunun aynı
zamanda siyasal liberalizasyonla desteklenmesi gerekliliğine işaret eder. Bu
çalışmada, geçiş ekonomilerinde siyasal ve ekonomik liberalizasyon ile
ekonomik büyüme ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçlarına göre, geçiş
ekonomilerinin tamamı ile düşük gelirli geçiş ekonomilerinde yakalanamayan
siyasal liberalizasyon ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi, üst ve orta-üst gelir
grubunda bulunan ülkeler için belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıktığı gözlenmiştir.
Diğer bir ifadeyle elde edilen sonuçlar, ticari liberalizasyonun büyüme üzerine
etkilerinin görülebilmesi için ekonomik açıdan asgari kalkınmışlık düzeyinde
olma koşulunun olduğu gözlenmektedir. Aynı zamanda bunun siyasal anlamda
da belirli bir özgürlük düzeyine ulaşmış olma gerekliliği ile paralel gittiğine
işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik Liberalizasyon, Kurumsal Yönetim, Ekonomik Büyüme, Geçiş Ekonomileri, Nedensellik Testleri ve Panel Veri Tahminleri

Kaynakça

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