The Effects on Growth, Oxidative stress, Vitamin A, E, C and Beta Caroten of Vitamin E and C Added to the Ration of Freshwater Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus, Esch. 1823) in Moulting Period

Abstract

In this study, it was examined the effects of dietary antioxidant (vitamin E (VE), vitamin C (VC)) which supplemented on crayfish Astacus Leptodactylus diets during moulting on survival rate, live weight gain, specific growth rate, oxidative stress in hepatopancreas, muscle and gills tissues (malondialdehyde (MDA)), vitamins A, E, C, amount of β-carotene and astaxanthin. For this aim, a control diet (K) containing 38% crude protein was prepared. Crayfish of the experimental E (DE), experimental C (DC) and experimental DC (DEC) groups were respectively fed by adding the 150 mg kg-1 vitamin E, 200 mg kg-1 vitamin C and 150 mg kg-1 and vitamin E /200 mg kg-1 vitamin C in this ration. At the end of the study, it was determined that the supplemental of antioxidants in the diet decreased MDA levels in the tissues during moult, but it wasn't effected on the growth. It was assigned that the levels of vitamin E, C, A, beta-carotene, and astaxanthin were high in the tissues of crayfish in the DE, DC and DEC groups according to C group. It was determined that the addition of 150 mg kg-1 vitamin E to the diet during moulting is beneficial. Additionally, the meat quality of abdominal muscles of crayfish which consumed by people was also found to be reduced in a considerable amount during molting.

Keywords

• Astacus leptodactylus
• Carotenoid
• MDA
• Vitamin

Kabuk Değiştirme Döneminde Kerevit (Astacus leptodactylus, Esch. 1823) Yemine İlave Edilen Vitamin E ve C’nin Büyüme, Oksidatif Stres, Vitamin A, E, C ve Beta Karoten Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu araştırmada; kabuk değiştirme döneminde olan Astacus leptodactylus türü kerevitlerin yemine ilave edilen antioksidanların (vitamin E, C) yaşama oranı, canlı ağırlık artışı, spesifik büyüme oranı, hepatopankreas, kas ve solungaç dokularındaki oxidatif stres (malondialdehit (MDA)), vitamins A, E, C, beta karoten ve astaksantin miktarı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla %38 oranında ham protein içeren bir kontrol rasyonu (K) düzenlenmiştir. Bu rasyona 150 mg kg^-1 vitamin E, 200 mg kg^-1 vitamin C ve 150 mg kg^-1 vitamin E/200 mg kg^-1 vitamin C ilave edilerek sırasıyla deneme E (DE), deneme C (DC) ve deneme DEC (DEC) grupları beslenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda; yeme ilave edilen antioksidan maddelerin kerevitlerin kabuk değiştirme döneminde dokulardaki MDA değerini düşürdüğü ancak büyüme üzerine etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubuna oranla DE, DC ve DEC grubundaki kerevitlerin dokularındaki vitamin E, C, A, beta karoten ve astaksantin miktarlarının yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kabuk değiştirme döneminde 150 mg kg^-1 vitamin E’nin yeme ilave edilmesinin yararlı olacağı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca insanlar tarafından tüketilen kerevitlerin abdomen kasının et kalitesinin de kabuk değiştirme döneminde oldukça önemli miktarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Astacus leptodactylus
• Karotenoid
• MDA
• Vitamin

References

1. 1. Kumlu M., 2001. Karides, istakoz ve midye yetiştiriciliği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları, Adana.
2. 2. Barim Ö., 2005. Keban Baraj Gölü’nde yaşayan tatlısu istakozu (Astacus leptodactylus Esch. 1823) rasyonuna farklı oranlarda ilave edilen vitamin E’nin etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye.
3. 3. Aiken DE., Wadd SL., 1992. The growth process in crayfish. Reviews in Aquatic Sciences, 6, 335-381.
4. 4. Cuzon G., Guillaume J., Cahu C., 1994. Composition, preparation and utilization of feeds for crustacea. Aquaculture, 124, 253-267.
5. 5. Scott-Fordsmand JJ., Depledge MH., 1997. Changes in the tissue concentrations and contents of calcium, copper and zinc in the shore crab carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda) during the moult cycle and following copper exposure during ecdysis. Marine Environmental Research, 44, 397-414.
6. 6. Lowery RS., 1998. Growth, moulting and reproduction. In “Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management and Explaitation”, Eds., DM Holdich, R Lowery, Chapman and Hall, London.
7. 7. Goddard JS., 1988. Food and feeding. In “Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management and Explaitation”, Eds., DM Holdich, R Lowery, Chapman and Hall, London.
8. 8. Harı B., Kurup BM., 2002. Vitamin C (ascorbyl 2 polphosphate) requirement of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Asian Fisheries Science, 15, 145-154.

9. 9. Regoli F., Giuliani ME., 2014. Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organims. Marine Enviromental Research, 93, 106-117.
10. 10. Wheatly MG., Zanott FP., Hubbard MG., 2002. Calcium homeostasis in crustaceans: subcellular Ca Dynamics. Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 132, 163-178.
11. 11. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 1984. Official methods of analysis, 14th Ed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Inc. Arlington.
12. 12. Barim O., Karatepe M., 2010. The effects of pollution on the vitamins A, E, C, beta-carotene contents and oxidative stress of the freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 73, 138-142.
13. 13. Barım-Oz O., Yılmaz S., 2016. Effects of dietary antioxidants on oxidative stress, antioxidant defence and growth of freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) during the reproductive period in females. Aquaculture Research, 1, 1-12.
14. 14. Jussila J., 1997. Physiologıcal responses of astacid and parastacid crayfishes (crustacea: decapoda) to conditions of intensive culture. Universty of Kuopio, Austraalia.
15. 15. Jussila J., Evans LH., 1996. On the factors affecting marron, Cherax tenuimanus, growth in intensive culture. Freshwater Crayfish, 11, 428-440.
16. 16. Hamre K., Waagbq R., Berge RK., Live Q., 1997. Vitamins C and E interact in juvenile atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 22, 137-149.
17. 17. Hamre K., Christiansen R., Waagbo R., Maage BE., Torstensen BE., Lygren B., Lie O., Wathne E., Albrektsen S., 2004. Antioxidant vitamins, minerals and lipid levels in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.): effects an growth performance and filet quality. Aquaculture Nutrition, 10, 113-123.
18. 18. Barım-Öz O., Yılmaz S., 2009. The determinetion of effect of vitamin E, C, ataxanthin and β-carotene on oxidative stres in some tissues of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Esch. 1823) in moulting period. E-journal of New World Sciences Academy, 4, 3B0006.
19. 19. Hamre K., Lie O., 1995. Effect of smoltification, dietary levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and α-tocopherol levels in different organs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, 111A, 547-554.
20. 20. Tocher DR., Mourente G., Van Der Eecken A., Evjemo JO., Diaz E., Bell JG., Geurden I., Lavens P., Olsen Y., 2002. Effects of dietary vitamin E on antioxidant defence mechanisms of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), lalibut (Hippoglosus hippoglosus L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 8, 195-207.
21. 21. Lin YH., Shiau SY., 2005. Dietary vitamin E requirement of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, at two lipid levels, and their effects on immune responses. Aquaculture, 248, 235-244.
22. 22. Chen YJ., Yuan RM., Lui YJ., Yang HJ., Liang GJ., Tian LX., 2015. Dietary vitamin C requirement and its effects on tissue antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Aquaculture, 435, 431-436.
23. 23. Hamre K., 2011. Metabolism, interactions, requirements and functions of vitamin E in fish. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17, 98-115.