Diagnostic Importance of Syndecan-1(CD138) in Chronic Endometritis of Dogs

Abstract

In this study, the role of Syndecan-1 in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis, which is an important health problem for dogs and mostly causes infertility, was investigated. In addition, comparisons of Syndecan-1 and HE staining methods in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis were made. Generally, the prognosis is not good because the diagnosis is difficult in chronic endometritis, where no clinical symptoms can be observed. For this, early diagnosis with a reliable method in chronic forms of endometritis is very important. The presence of plasmocytes in the histopathological examination, which is one of the various diagnostic methods of endometritis, is a distinctive feature for the chronic form of the inflammatory character. Plasmocytes, which can be detected by histopathological staining methods can also be detected by immunohistochemical staining of the Syndecan-1 receptors that specific to plasmocytes at the same time. For this study, a sufficient number of female dog uterus was obtained in and around Van province. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of uterine tissues for histopathology and Syndecan-1 staining for immunohistochemical examination were performed. In the examinations made, 18 of 57 uterus samples with HE staining; With Syndecan-1, 21 of them were diagnosed with chronic endometritis. In the result of working; With Syndecan-1 staining, it was observed that plasmocytes could be selected more easily and clearly than HE. In addition, it was determined that Syndecan-1 is a reliable and practical method in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis with this study, which was performed for the first time in dogs.

Keywords

• Chronic endometritis
• Dog
• Hematoxylin-Eosin
• Syndecan-1

Köpeklerin Kronik Endometritislerinde Sydecan- 1(CD138)’in Diagnostik Önemi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada köpekler için önemli bir sağlık problemi olan ve çoğunlukla infertiliteye yol açan kronik endometritislerin tanısında Syndecan-1’in rolü araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Syndecan-1 ve hematoksilen-eozin (HE) boyama yöntemlerinin kronik endometritislerin tanısındaki karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Genellikle herhangi bir klinik semptom gözlenemeyen kronik endometritislerde tanı güç olduğundan prognoz iyi değildir. Bunun için endometritislerin kronik formlarında güvenilir bir yöntemle yapılan erken tanı oldukça önemlidir. Endometritislerin çeşitli tanı yöntemlerinden biri olan histopatolojik muayenede plazmositlerin varlığı yangı karakterinin kronik formu için ayırıcı bir özelliktir. Histopatolojik boyama yöntemleriyle belirlenebilen plazmositler, aynı zamanda plazmositlere spesifik Syndecan-1 reseptörünün immünohistokimyasal boyama yöntemiyle de saptanabilir. Bu çalışma için Van ili ve çevresinde 67 adet dişi köpek uterusu temin edildi. Uterus dokularının histopatoloji için hematoksilen-eozin (HE) ve immünohistokimyasal inceleme için Syndecan-1 boyamaları gerçekleştirildi. Yapılan incelemelerde 57 adet endometritisli uterus örneklerinden HE boyamayla 18’ine; Syndecan-1 ile 21’ine kronik endometritis tanısı konuldu. Çalışma sonucunda; HE’nin aksine Syndecan-1 boyama ile plazmositlerin daha kolay ve net bir şekilde seçilebildiği görüldü. Ayrıca köpeklerde ilk defa yapılan bu çalışmayla kronik endometritislerin tanısında Syndecan-1’in güvenilir ve pratik bir yöntem olduğu tespit edildi.

Keywords

• Hematoksilen-Eozin
• Köpek
• Kronik endometritis
• Syndecan-1.

References

1. 1. Kumar D., Satish SK., Purohit GN., 2019. Endometritis in bitch: An review. Pharma Innov J, 8(5), 279-82.
2. 2. Singh G., Dutt R., Kumar S., Kumari S., Chandolia, RK., 2019. Gynaecological problems in she dogs. Haryana Vet, 58, 8-15.
3. 3. Ahuja AK., Honparkhe M., Sethi GS., Singh N., Jan F., Chauhan P., 2019. Association of canine pyometra with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud, 7, 1409-1412.
4. 4. Rosa-Filho RRD., Brito MM., Faustino TG., Almeida LLD., Gardés TP., Leite RF., Vannucchi CI., 2020. Clinical Changes and Uterine Hemodynamic in Pyometra Medically Treated Bitches. Animals, 10(11), 2011.
5. 5. Zubair M., Rehman U., Sajid SM., 2014. Causes of infertility in bitch. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2(10), 565-573.
6. 6. Hagman R., 2014. Diagnostic and prognostic markers for uterine diseases in dogs. Reprod Dom Anim, 49, 16-20.
7. 7. Fontaine E., Levy X., Grellet A. Luc A., Bernex F., Boulouis HJ., Fontbonne A., 2009. Diagnosis of endometritis in the bitch: a new approach. Reprod Dom Anim, 44, 196-199.
8. 8. Maya-Pulgarin D., Gonzalez-Dominguez MS., Aranzazu-Taborda D., Mendoza N., Maldonado-Estrada JG., 2017. Histopathologic findings in uteri and ovaries collected from clinically healthy dogs at elective ovariohysterectomy: a cross-sectional study. J Vet Sci, 18(3), 407-414.

9. 9. Oruç E., Kısadere İ., Jumakanova Z., Kadyralıeva N., Keskin A., 2018. Bişkek Bölgesinde Barındırılan Köpeklerde Genital Hastalıkların Jinekolojik ve Patolojik Yönden Araştırılması. Manas J Agr Vet Life Sci, 8(1), 9-18.
10. 10. Coggan JA., Melville PA., Oliveira CMD., Faustino M., Moreno AM., Benites NR., 2008. Microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra. BrazJ Microbiol, 39, 477-483.
11. 11. Alcigir ME., Vural SA., 2011. Pathomorphologıcal and Immunohıstochemıcal Fındıngs in an Extramedullary Plasma Cell Tumour in Dog's Rectum. BJVM, 14(3), 184-187.
12. 12. Kannar V., Lingaiah HKM., Sunita V., 2012. Evaluation of endometrium for chronic endometritis by using syndecan-1 in abnormal uterine bleeding. J Lab Physicians, 4(02), 069-073.
13. 13. Shi Y., Solomides C., Gong G., Wang Z., Uppal G., Ly V., Peiper SC., Herbut P., Bajaj R., 2015. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on enriched CD138-positive cells in plasma cell myeloma. Acta Med Int, 2(2), 168.
14. 14. Teng Y., Aquino RS., Park PW., 2012. Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease. Matrix Bio, 31(1), 3-16.
15. 15. Gharbaran R., 2015. Advances in the molecular functions of syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) in the pathogenes of malignancies. Critical Rev in Onc/hem, 94(1), 1-17.
16. 16. Bayer-Garner IB., Nickell JA., Korourian S., 2004. Routine syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry aids in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 128(9), 1000-1003.
17. 17. Rautela R., Katiyar R., 2019. Review on canine pyometra, oxidative stress and current trends in diagnostics. Asian Pac J Reprod, 8(2), 45.
18. 18. Lopes CE., De Carli S., Riboldi CI., De Lorenzo C., Panziera0 W., Driemeier D., Siqueira FM., 2021. Pet Pyometra: Correlating Bacteria Pathogenicity to Endometrial Histological Changes. Pathogens, 10(7), 833.
19. 19. Maharathi SP., Dalai N., Mohapatra S., Mishra SR., Mahapatra APK., Kundu AK., Nath I., Dash S., 2020. Haemato-Biochemical Alterations in Pyometra Affected Bitch. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 9(6), 1242-1245.
20. 20. Gifford AT., Scarlett JM., Schlafer DH., 2014. Histopathologic findings in uterine biopsy samples from subfertile bitches: 399 cases (1990–2005). JAVMA, 244(2), 180-186.
21. 21. Tawfik MF., Oda SS., El-Neweshy MS., El-Manakhly ESM., 2015. Pathological Study on Female Reproductive Affections in Dogs and Cats at Alexandria Province, Egypt. AJVS, 46(1).
22. 22. Demirel MA., Vural SA., Vural R., Kutsal O., Günen Z., Küplülü Ş., 2018. Clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological aspects of endotoxic pyometra in bitches. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24(5).
23. 23. Chen YQ., Fang RL., Luo YN., Luo CQ., 2016. Analysis of the diagnostic value of CD138 for chronic endometritis, the risk factors for the pathogenesis of chronic endometritis and the effect of chronic endometritis on pregnancy: a cohort study. BMC; women's health, 16(1), 1-7.
24. 24. Hanif A., Sarfraz T., Tariq H., Khan SA., Jaffar SR., Akhtar, F., 2019. Evaluatıon of Endometrıal Bıopsıes for Chronıc Endometrıtıs by Usıng Syndecan-1 (Cd138) in Abnormal Uterıne Bleedıng. PAFMJ, 69(6), 1341-45.
25. 25. Miguel RDV., Chivukula M., Krishnamurti U., Amortegui AJ., Kant JA., Sweet RL., Wiesenfeld HC., Phillips JM., Cherpes TL., 2011. Limitations of the criteria used to diagnose histologic endometritis in epidemiologic pelvic inflammatory disease research. Path-Res and Pract, 207(11), 680-685.