Esmer ve Siyah Alaca Sağmal İnekler ile Düvelerde İki Farklı Yemleme Programının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2017, , 51 - 56, 09.06.2017

Olcay Güler Naci Tüzemen Mete Yanar , Binali Çomaklı Mustafa Tan Ömer Akbulut Jale Metin Recep Aydın Rıdvan Koçyiğit

https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.320342

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amaçları, 2 farklı yemleme
programının; i) 20 adet Siyah Alaca ve 20 adet Esmer sığırda 144 günlük deneme
süresince süt verimi ve kompozisyonu ile duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkilerini
1. denemede değerlendirmek, ii) 18 adet Esmer ve 14 adet Siyah Alaca düvenin 90
gün boyunca gelişme performanslarını 2. denemede karşılaştırmaktır. Birinci
denemede, yemleme programları [(i) mısır silajı (25.0 kg/baş/gün) ile sınırlı
miktarda kuru ot (5.0 kg/baş/gün) ve 4.5 kg/baş/gün kesif yem (MS yemleme
programı); (ii) kuru ot (10,0 kg/baş/gün) ve 4.5 kg/baş/gün kesif yem (KO
yemleme programı)] günlük süt verimi ile süt yağı, kuru madde ve yağsız kuru
madde oranlarını önemli derecede etkilememiştir. Farklı yemleme programlarının
sütün duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkileri önemli olmayıp, silaj içeren
rasyonla yapılan yemleme, sütün duyusal özellikleri üzerine herhangi bir
olumsuz etkiye neden olmamıştır. İkinci denemede, DMS yemleme programındaki
[mısır silajı (10.0 kg/baş/gün) ile sınırlı miktarda kuru ot (2.0 kg/baş/gün)
ve 2.0 kg/ baş/gün kesif yem] düveler, DKO programındakilere [kuru ot (6.0
kg/baş/gün) ve 2.0 kg/baş/gün kesif yem] göre % 49.7 oranında daha yüksek
toplam canlı ağırlık artışı sağlamışlardır. DMS yemleme programındaki düvelerin
ortalama yemden yararlanma oranları önemli ölçüde daha iyi bulunmuştur. Sonuç
olarak, incelenen her iki yemleme programı Esmer ve Siyah Alaca ineklerin günlük
süt verimi ile sütün kompozisyonu ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine önemli
etkilerde bulunmazken, DMS yemleme programı düveler için tavsiye edilmiştir.

Keywords

Mısır silajı, günlük süt verimi, sütün duyusal özellikleri, canlı ağırlık artışı

Comparison of Two Different Feeding Programs For Brown Swiss And Holstein Friesian Lactating Cows And Heifers

Abstract

Purposes of the study were; i) to evaluate the effects of 2 different
feeding programs on the yield, composition and organoleptic properties of milk
from 20 Brown Swiss (BS) and 20 Holstein Friesian (HF) cows during 144 days in
the trial 1, ii) to compare the growth performance of the 18 BS and 14 HF
heifers during 90 days in the trial 2. In trial 1, feeding schedules [( i) corn
silage (25.0 kg/head/day) plus limited amount of dry hay (5.0 kg/head/day) and
4.5 kg/head/day of concentrate (CS feeding program);
ii) all dry hay (10.0 kg/head/day) and 4.5 kg/head/day of concentrate (DH
feeding program)] did not significantly affect on daily milk yield as well as
percentages of fat, dry matter and non-fat dry matter of the milk. The
influence of the different feeding programs on the sensorial features of the
milk was not significant, and feeding silage based ration did not cause any
adverse effect on the organoleptic properties of the milk. In trial 2, heifers
in the HCS feeding program [corn silage (10.0 kg/head/day) plus limited amount
of dry hay (2.0 kg/head/day) and 2.0 kg/head/day of concentrate] had 49.7 % higher total weight gain than those in HDH
feeding program [all dry hay (6.0 kg/head/day) and 2.0 kg/head/day of
concentrate]. The average feed efficiency ratio for heifers fed in HCS feeding
program was also improved considerably. In conclusion, HCS feeding program could be suggested for HF and BS
heifers, although both feeding programs studied did not result in significant
influence on the daily milk yield as well as milk composition and sensorial
properties of the milk from HF and BS cows.

Keywords

Corn silage, daily milk yield, organoleptic properties of milk, weight gain

References

• Beck, P.A., Stewart, C.B., Gray, H.C., Smith, H.C., Gunter, S.A., 2009. Effect of wheat forage maturity and preservation method on forage chemical composition and performance of growing calves fed mixed diets. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 4133-4142.
• Bodyfelt, F.W., Tobias, J., Trout, G.M., 1988. The Sensory Evaluation of Dairy Products. Van Nostrand Reinhold / AVI Book Publishing, New York.
• Borreani, G., Giaccone, D., Mimosi, A., Tabacco, E., 2007. Comparison of hay and haylage from permanent Alpine meadows in winter dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 5643-5650.
• Broderick, G.A., 1995. Performance of lactating dairy cows fed either alfalfa silage or alfalfa hay as the sole forage. J. Dairy Sci., 78: 320-329.
• Colombari, G., Borreani, G., Crovetto, G.M., 1999. Comparison of lucerne silage and ventilated hay in maize silage-based rations for dairy cows for production of milk destine for Grana cheese. Grass and Forage Sci., 54: 184-194.
• Coulon, .J B., Pradel, P. Verdier, I., 1995. Effect of forage type on milk yield, chemical composition and clotting properties of milk. Lait, 75: 513-521.
• Coulon, J.B., Pradel, P. Verdier, I., 1997. Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) on chemical composition of milk. Ann. Zootechn., 46:21-26
• Dennis, T.S., Tower, J.E., Nennich, T.D., 2012. Effects of feeding hay and baleage to prepubertal dairy heifers during the grower period. Prof. Anim. Scientist, 28: 648-656.
• Erdman, R.A., Piperova, L.S., Kohn, R. A., 2011. Corn silage versus corn silage: alfalfa hay mixtures for dairy cows: Effects of dietary potassium, calcium and cation-anion difference. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 5105-5110.
• Eun, J.S., Fellner, V., Burnsand, J. C., Gumpertz, M.L., 2003. Eastern gamagrass evaluated as hay or silage for lactating dairy cows. Prof. Anim. Scientist, 19: 362-369.
• Heinrichs, A.J. Hargrove, G.L., 1987. Standards of weight and height for Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 70: 653-660. Heinrichs, A.J., Hargrove, G. L., 1994. Standards of weight and height for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, and Milking Shorthorn heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 77: 1676-1681.
• Kalac, P., 2011. The effects of silage feeding on some sensory and health attributes of cow’s milk: A review. Food Chem., 125: 307–317.
• Klosowski, B., Bidwellporebska, K., Klosowska, D., Piotrowski, J., 1992. Microstructure of skelatal-muscles fed silage-based vs hay-based diets. 1. Fiber diameters. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 32: 1-10.
• Manzi, M., Junga, J.O., Ebong, C., Mosi, R.O., 2012. Factors affecting pre and post-weaning growth of six cattle breed groups at Songa Research station in Rwanda. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 24: 4.
• Cormick., M.C., M.E, Han, K. J., Moreira, V. R, Blouin, D.C, Forbes, S., 2011. Forage conservation efficiency and lactation responses to bahiagrass conserved as barn-stored hay, outdoor-stored hay or baleage. J. Dairy Sci., 94 (5): 2500-2507.
• SPSS, 2004. SPSS for Windows, Release 13.0, Chicago, IL., USA.
• Tan, M., Yolcu, H., Dumlu, G. Z., 2015. Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate. Tar. Bil. Der.-J. Agric. Sci., 21:184-191.
• Wyss, U., Collomb, M., 2011. Influence of hay or silage on cow-milk fatty acid composition. Proceedings of the 16th Symposium of European Grassland Federation, 100-102, 29th-31st August, Gumpestein, Austria.