The Effects of Pistacia terebinthus Leaf Extracts and Giberellic Acid on Plant Height, Inflorescence Survival and Inflorescence Numbers of Pelargonium ‘Ringo Deep Scarlet’

Year 2008, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 123 - 126, 10.01.2011

Yahya Bulut Ömer Atabeyoğlu , Şaban Kordali

Abstract

 In this paper, the effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts of Pistacia terebinthus leaves at 100 and 200 ppm doses and Giberellic Acid (GA3), which is used commonly as plant-growth hormone were investigated on plant height, inflorescence survivor and numbers of Pelargonium ‘Ringo Deep Scarlet’. The applications of GA3 and all extracts lengthened the inflorescence survivor of pelargonium in comparison to untreated control group. However, two doses of GA3 significantly reduced the inflorescence numbers of pelargonium. Contrarily, 200 ppm doses of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts increased the inflorescence numbers. As expected, all doses of GA3 significantly increased the plant height as compared with control group (p<0.01). However, all treated doses of ethanol extract of P. terebinthus showed the weak inhibitory effect on the plant height of pelargonium.

Keywords

Pelargonium, pictacia, leaf extract, GA3, Allelopathy

The Effects of Pistacia terebinthus Leaf Extracts and Giberellic Acid on Plant Height, Inflorescence Survival and Inflorescence Numbers of Pelargonium ‘Ringo Deep Scarlet’

Abstract

 In this paper, the effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts of Pistacia terebinthus leaves at 100 and 200 ppm doses and Giberellic Acid (GA3), which is used commonly as plant-growth hormone were investigated on plant height, inflorescence survivor and numbers of Pelargonium ‘Ringo Deep Scarlet’. The applications of GA3 and all extracts lengthened the inflorescence survivor of pelargonium in comparison to untreated control group. However, two doses of GA3 significantly reduced the inflorescence numbers of pelargonium. Contrarily, 200 ppm doses of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts increased the inflorescence numbers. As expected, all doses of GA3 significantly increased the plant height as compared with control group (p<0.01). However, all treated doses of ethanol extract of P. terebinthus showed the weak inhibitory effect on the plant height of pelargonium.

Keywords

Pelargonium, pictacia, leaf extract, GA3, Allelopathy

References

• Anonymous, 2000. http://razor.arnes.si/~mstrli/pp.html Armitage, A. M., 1986. Chlormequat-induced Early Flowering of Hybrid Geranium: The Influence of Giberellic Acid. HortScience 21: 116-118.
• Chang, Y., S., Sung, F., H., 2000. Effects of gibberellic acid and dormancy-breaking chemicals on flower development of Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet and R. scabrum Don, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 83, Issues 3-4, Pages 331337. Cox, D. A., 1991.
• Giberellic Acid Reverses Effects of Exess Paclobutrozol on Geranium. HortScience 26: 39-40. Coder, K. D., 1999. Allelopathy in trees. Arborist News 8:53-60.
• Ercisli, S., Esitken, A., Turkkal, C., Orhan, E., 2005. The allelopathic effects of juglone and walnut leaf extracts on yield,growth,chemical and PNE compositions of strawberry cv. Fern. Plant Soil Environ 6: 283-287.
• Facteau, T., J., Rowe, K., E., Chestnut, N., E., 1989. Flowering in sweet cherry in response to application of gibberellic acid, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 38, Issues 3-4, Pages 239245. Guardiola, J., L., Monerri, C., Agusti, M.,1982.
• The inhibitory effect of gibberellic acid on flowering in Citrus, Physiologia Plantarum 55 (2), 136–142.
• Hamza, A. M., David, S., Rogers, M. N., 1981. The effects osf sequential applications of different chemical growth regulators on growth and flowering of f1 geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey). J Amer Soc Hort Sci 106:299-303. Hanks, G. R., 1984. Factors affecting the response of tulips to gibberellin. Scientia Hort 23: 379-380. Hennesey, T. C., Dougerty, P. M., 1984.
• Characterization of internal water relations of loblolly pine seedling in response in nursery cultural treatments: implications for reforestation success, p. 225-243. In M.L Kocacaliskan, I., Terzi, I., 2001. Allelopathic effects of walnut leaf extracts and juglone on seed germination and seedling growth. J Hort Sci&Biotech 76: 436-440.
• Lavabre, E. M., 1991. Weed control. McMillan Education Ltd., London. Mohammed, B. R., El-Sayed, R. A., Fawzi, A. F. A., 1983. Effect of gibberellic acid and chloromequat on yield and oil of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Acta Hort 132: 265271. Nakamura, T., Saotome, M., Ishiguro, Y., Itoh, R., Higurashi, S., Hosono, M. and Ishii, Y,. 1994.
• The Effects of GA3 on Weeping of Growing Shoots of the Japanese Cherry, Prunus spachiana, Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 35, No. 3 523527. Oliveira, C., M., Browning, G., 1993. Gibberellin structureactivity effects on flower initiation in mature trees and on shoot growth in mature and juvenile Prunus avium, Planı Growth Regulation, Volume 13, Number 1. 55-63.
• Rafiqul Hoque, A. T. M., Ahmed, R., Uddin, M. B., Hossain, M. K., 2003. Allelopathic effect of different concentrations of water extracts of Acacia auriculiformis leaf on some initial growth parameters of five common agricultural crops. Pakistan J Agron 2:92-100. Rice, E. L., 1984.
• Allelopathy. Academic Press,Orlando,Florida,USA. Rietweld, W. J., 1983. Allelopathic effects of juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species. J Chem Ecol 9:295-308. Jefferson, L. V., Pennachio, M., 2003.
• Allelopathic effects of foliage extracts from four Chenopodiacae species on seed germination. J Arid Environ 55:275-285. Twaha, A. M., Turk, M. A., 2003.
• Allelopathics effects of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) on germination and growth of Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum). J Agron Crop Sci 189: 298 Vandermast, D. B., Van Lear, D. H., Clinton, B. D., 2001.
• American chesnut as an allelopath in the southern Appalations. Forest Ecol Management 165:173-181. Van Der Walt, P., Vorster, J., 1983. Phytogeograpy of pelargonium. Bothalia 14: 517-523. Welander, N. T., 1984.
• Effect of GA3, CCC defoliation and quantum flux density on growth and flowering in Pelargonium × hortorum . Scientia Hort 23: 371-377. Watson, K., 2000. The effect of Eucalyptus and oak leaf extracts on California native plants. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 964: 467-475.