Farklı Bitki Yönetimi Altındaki Toprakların Strüktürel Ölçütlerindeki Değişimler

Year 2017, Volume: 48 Issue: 1, 9 - 15, 09.06.2017

Fazil Hacımuftuoglu Taskin Oztas

https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.320319

Abstract

Toprak strüktürü, toprağın üretim potansiyelini belirleyen en önemli
fiziksel ortam özelliklerinden biridir. Toprakta strüktürel gelişim birçok iç
ve dış faktörün kontrolü altındadır. Farklı bitki yönetim uygulamaları bitkinin
agronomik özellikleri, kök sistemi ve toprağa organik madde döngüsü
farklılıkları dahilinde toprağın strüktürel durumunu önemli ölçüde
etkilemektedir. Farklı bitki yönetimi altında bulunan toprakların yapısal
özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin değerlendirmesi amacıyla yürütülen bu
çalışmada; uzun yıllardan (+10 yıl) beri farklı bitki yetiştiriciliği
(ayçiçeği, buğday, fasulye, mısır, patates ve yonca) altında bulunan deneme
alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekaniksel
özellikler incelenerek yetiştirilen bitkilerin, toprağın strüktürel
parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular
toprağın strüktürel parametrelerinde, yetiştirilen bitki çeşitliliğine bağlı
olarak önemli farklılıkların meydana geldiğini göstermektedir. Strüktürel
gelişim derecesi ve agregat stabilitesinin yonca ekim alanlarından alınan
toprak örneklerinde en yüksek, patates ve mısır ekim alanlarından alınan toprak
örneklerinde ise en düşük değerlerde olduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Agregat stabilitesi, bitki çeşitliliği

Changes in Structural Parameters of Soils under Different Cropping Systems

Abstract

Soil structure is
one of the most important soil physical characteristics affecting on soil
productivity. Structural development of soil is under the control of many
inside and outside factors. It is expected that soil structural characteristics
change with changes in plant pattern because of differentiations in agronomic
properties, root system and amounts of organic matter incorporated into the
soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in structural
behaviors of soils under different crop management systems. Soil samples
collected from long-term (+10 years) experimental fields under different crop
management systems; sun flower, wheat, bean, corn, potato and alfalfa, were
analyzed for physical, chemical and mechanical properties and structural
characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that soil structural
characteristics significantly changed depending on plant patterns. Structural
conditions and aggregate stability were the highest in soils under alfalfa
crops, but the worst in soils under potatoes and corn production.

Keywords

Aggregate stability, cropping pattern

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