Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 139 - 144, 20.02.2013

Ekrem Aksakal

Abstract

Yağmur damlalarının çarpma etkisiyle toprakların strüktürel yapıları bozulmakta ve agregatlar dağılmaktadır. Tekselleşen
agregatlardan serbestlenen ince fraksiyonlar gözenekleri tıkayarak kısa sürede yüzey akışın oluşmasına ve yüzey akış ile toprak ve su
kaybının artmasına neden olmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toprak yüzeyinin farklı oranlarda (%0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
90 ve 100) buğday samanı ile malçlanmasının laboratuvar şartlarında yüzey akış ve toprak kayıpları üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir.
Araştırmada tın tekstür sınıfında 4.76 mm’den elenmiş toprak örneğinin yüzeyi farklı oranlarda buğday samanı ile malçlanarak %9
eğimde 25 mm saat-1 yoğunlukta Eijkelkamp Rainfall Simulator’de 15 dakika yağışa tabi tutulmuş ve yüzey akışla oluşan toprak ve
su kayıpları belirlenmiştir. Yağış sonrasında yüzey akış ile meydana gelen su ve toprak kayıp miktarları bakımından malçlama
oranları arasında çok önemli düzeyde (p

Keywords

Malçlama, yağmurlama, yüzey akış, su kaybı, toprak kaybı

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