Asma Kış Gözlerinde Tomurcuk Büyüklüğü ile Düşük Sıcaklık Ekzotermi Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2020, Volume: 51 Issue: 3, 243 - 248, 25.09.2020

Muhammed Küpe , Cafer Köse

https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.678624

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışma asma kış gözlerinde tomurcuk büyüklüğü ile düşük sıcaklık ekzotermi oluşumu arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla tomurcuk yapıları ve büyüklükleri bakımından farklı olduğu bilinen Karaerik (Vitis vinifera L.) and 53 Pazar 01 (Vitis labrusca) genotiplerinin primer ve sekonder tomurcukları ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. 2016-2017 ve 2017-2018 kış dinlenme döneminde yürütülen çalışmada, tomurcukların donma noktasını belirlemek için kullanılan düşük sıcaklık ekzotermleri diferansiyel termal analiz (DTA) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Asma kış gözlerinde dormant tomurcukların büyüklükleri, histolojik işlemlerden sonra alınan kesitlerin mikroskobik olarak incelenmesi ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan DTA testi ile farklı histolojik yapıya sahip tomurcukların farklı sayıda ve karakterde ekzoterm meydana getirdikleri görülmüştür. Çalışmada Vitis vinifera L. türüne ait örneklerin Vitis labrusca türüne ait örneklere kıyasla daha düşük sıcaklıklarda ekzoterm oluşturdukları tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan histolojik tespitlerde her iki genotipin primer tomurcuklarının sekonder tomurcuklarından yapısal olarak daha büyük olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada 0.010 mm2’den daha küçük alana sahip tomurcukların ekzoterm meydana getirmediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda asma kış gözlerinin ekzoterm oluşturması üzerine tomurcuk yapısı ve büyüklüğünün etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Tomurcuk yapısı, Don toleransı, Düşük sıcaklık ekzotermleri, Asma

The Relationship Between Bud Size and Exotherm Formation in Dormant Buds of Grapevine

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between bud size and low temperature exotherm (LTE) formation in dormant period of grapevines. For this purpose, primary and secondary buds of Karaerik (Vitis vinifera L.) and 53 Pazar 01 (Vitis labrusca) genotypes which are known to have differences between the bud structure and size, were examined separately. In the study carried out in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 dormant periods, low temperature exotherms were determined by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) method in order to determine the freezing point of the buds. Dormant buds of grapevine size were determined by microscopic imaging of the sections taken after histological procedures. It was demonstrated by the DTA test that the buds with different histological structures had different character and number of LTE. In this study, it was determined that bud samples belonging to Vitis vinifera L. form exotherm at lower temperatures than bud samples belonging to Vitis labrusca species. For both genotypes, it was determined by the histological determinations that the primary buds had a larger structure than the secondary buds. In the study, it was found that the buds with an area less than 0.010 mm2 did not produce LTE. As a result of the study, it was found that the bud structure and size were effective on LTE formation of grapevine dormant buds.

Keywords

Bud structure, Cold tolerance, Low temperature exotherms, Grapevine

References

• REFERANCES
• Arkkelin, D., 2014. Using SPSS to Understand Research and Data Analysis. Psychology Curricular Materials. Book 1.
• Ashworth, E. N., Malone, S. R., Ristic, Z., Julian, J. W., 1998. Responses of Woody Plant Cells to Freezing: Investigations on the Role of the Plant Cell Wall, in Plant Cold Hardiness. Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Plenum Press, New York, p. 257- 269.
• Aslantaş, R., ve Köse, C., 2004. Meyve Türlerinde Dona Dayanımın Belirlenmesinde Termal Analiz Uygulamaları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Derg. Sayı, D-2, 2004.
• Bolat, A., 1997. Efficient Methods for Sequencing Minimum Job Sets on Mixed Model Assembly Lines. Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
• Bordelon, BP., Ferree, DC., Zabadal, TJ., 1997. Grape Bud Survival in the Midwest Following the Winter of 1993-1994. Fruit Varieties Journal 51:53-59.
• Clark, J.R., Wolf, T.K., and Warren, M.K., 1996. Thermal Analysis of Dormand Buds of Two Muscadinia grape Cultivars and of Vitis labrusca L.”Mars”. HortScience 31(1):79-81.
• Çelik, H., Ağaoğlu, Y.S., Marasalı, B., Söylemezoğlu, G., Fidan, Y., 1998. Genel Bağcılık. Sun Fidan AŞ. Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi, No:1, 253s, Ankara. Çelik H., Köse, B. and Cangi, R., 2008. Determination of Fox Grape Genotypes (Vitis labrusca L) Grown in Norteastern Anatolia. HortScience 35(4) 162-170.
• Eriş, A., 1995. Bahçe Bitkileri Fizyolojisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Notları, No:11 Bursa.
• Fennell, A. and Hoover, E., 1991. Photoperiod Influences Growth, Bud Dormancy and Cold Acclimatisation in Vitis labruscana and V.riparia. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 116, 270-273.
• Fennel, A., 2004. Freezing Tolerance And Injury in Grapevines. In Adaptations and Responses of Woody Plants to Environmental Stresses, pp. 201-235. Hawthorn Press, Binghamton, NY.
• Ferguson, J.C., Tarara, J.M., Mills, L.J., Grove, G.G., Keller, M., 2011. Dynamic Thermal Time Model of Cold Hardiness for Dormant Grapevine Buds. Ann. Bot. 107, 389–396.
• Ferguson, JC., Moyer, M.M., Mills, LJ., Hoogenboom, G., Keller, M., 2014. Modeling Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness and Bud break in Twenty-Three Vitis Genotypes Reveals Variation by Region of Origin Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 65:59-71.
• Gao, Z., Li, J., Zhu, H., Sun, L., Du, Y., & Zhai, H., 2014. Using Differential Thermal Analysis to Analyze Cold Hardiness in The Roots of Grape Varieties. Scientia Horticulturae, 174, 155-163. Grant, T.N. and Dami, I.E., 2015. Physiological and Biochemical Seasonal Changes in Vitis Genotypes with Contrasting Freezing Tolerance. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 66 (2): 195-203.
• Hemstead, PR. and Luby, JJ., 2000. Utilization of Vitis riparia for the Development of New Wine Varieties with Resistance to Disease and Extreme Cold. Acta Hort. 528:487-490.
• Khanizadeh, S., Rekika, D., Levasseur, A., Groleav, Y., Richer, C., Fisher, H., 2005. The Effects of Different Cultural and Environmental Factors on Grapevine Growth, Winter Hardiness and Performance in Three Locations in Canada. Small Fruit Rev., 4(3), 3-28.
• Kovacs, L. G., Du, G., and Ding, P., 2002. Tissue Moisture Loss During Sample Preparation Lowers Exotherm Temperatures in Dormant Grape Buds. Hort. Science, 37(4), 701-704.
• Küden, A.B., Küden, A., Paydaş, S., Kaşka N., İmrak B., 1998. Bazı Ilıman İklim Meyve Tür ve Çeşitlerinin Soğuğa Dayanıklılığı Üzerinde Çalışmalar. Tr. J. of Agriculture ve Forestry, 22: 101-109.
• Lewitt, J., 1980. Responses of Plant to Environmental Stresses .1, Chilling freezing and high temperature stresses , 2 nd Ed. New York Acadamic Press, 497 p.
• Linden, L., 2002. Measuring Cold Hardiness in Woody Plants. Univ of Helsinki Dep. of Applied Biyology Pub. No: 10. Lynn, J.M., Ferguson, J.N., Keller, M., 2006. Cold-Hardiness Evaluation of Grapevine Buds and Cane Tissues. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 57(2):194-200.
• Mills, L.J., Ferguson, J.C. and Keller, M., 2006. Cold-Hardiness Evaluation of Grapevine Buds and Cane Tissues. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 57, 194-200.
• Mittler, R., 2006. Abiotic Stress, The Field Environment and Stress Combination, Trends Plant Science, 11, 15-19. Odabaş, F., 1976. Erzincan’da Yetiştirilen Bazı Önemli Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Floral Gelişme Devrelerinin Tetkiki İle Gözlerin Bulundukları Yere Göre Verimliliğin Saptanması ve Bu Çeşitlerin Döllenme Biyolojileri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları No:466, Araştırma Serisi No:141. 130s. Erzurum.
• Quamme H.A., 1986. Use of Thermal Anlysis to Measure Frezing Resistance of Grape Buds. Can. J. Plant Sci.66: 945-952.
• Salazar-Gutierrez, M. R., Chaves, B., Anothai, J., Whiting, M., and Hoogenboom, G., 2014. Variation in Cold Hardiness of Sweet Cherry Flower Buds Through Different Phenological Stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 172, 161-167.
• Wample, R.L., Reisenauer, G., Bary, A., Schuetze, F., 1990. Microcomputer-Controlled Freezing, Data Acquisition and Analysis System for Cold Hardiness Evaluation. HortScience 25, 973–976. Wample, R.L., Spayd, S.E., Evans, R.G., Stevens, R.G., 1991. Nitrogen Fertilization And Factors Influencing Grapevine Cold Hardiness. Int. Sym. on Nitrogen in Grapes and Wine, 120-125.
• Wample, R.L., S. Hartley, and L. Mills., 2001. Dynamics of Grapevine Cold Hardiness. in Proceedings for the American Society for Enology and Viticulture 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting. J.M.
• Wolf, T.K., and M.K. Cook., 1994. Cold Hardiness of Dormant Buds of Grape Cultivars. Comparison of Thermal Analysis and Field Survival. HortScience 29, 1453-1455.
• Yadava, U.L ., Doud. S. L. and Weavear, D.J., 1978. Evalation of Different Methots to Assess Cold Hardiness of Peach Trees. Soc. Hort. Sci., 103(3), 318-321.
• Yang, D.S.C., Sax A., Chakrabartty A., Hew C.L., 1982. Crystal Structure of an Antifreeze Polypeptide and its Mechanistic Implications. Nature, (333), 232-237.
• Zhang, J., Wu, X., Niu, R., Liu, Y., Liu, N., Xu, W., Wang, Y., 2012. Cold-Resistance Evaluation in 25 Wild Grape Species. Vitis, 51(4), 153-160.