Üzüm Bağlarında ve Meyve Bahçelerinde Buz Çekirdeği Oluşumunu Tetikleyen Bakteriler ve Düşük Sıcaklık Zararı

Year 2023, Volume: 54 Issue: 1, 42 - 47, 31.01.2023

Muhammed Küpe

https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.220608

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Sıcaklık, bitkilerin yeryüzündeki doğal yayılışının sınırlarını belirleyen iklim faktörlerindendir. Sıcaklık 0 oC’nin altına düştüğünde, bitki bünyesindeki suyun donması ile bitkide fizyolojik olayların gerçekleşmesi mümkün olmaz. Hücre içi ve hücreler arasındaki küçük buz kristalleri donma esnasında sitoplazmaya karışır ve protoplazmik yapıyı bozarak ölüme neden olur. Tabiatta iç veya dış nükleatörler tarafından başlatılan ve heterojen olarak meydana gelen donma olayında etkili olan faktörlerden bir tanesinin de bakteriler olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buz kristali oluşumunu tetikleyen (INA bakterileri) özellikle Pseudomonas syringae türüne ait bu bakterilerin asma ve diğer birçok odunsu meyve türlerinin yaşam alanlarını önemli ölçüde kısıtladığı düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, bağ ve bahçelerde farklı dönemlerde görülen düşük sıcaklıkların meydana getirdikleri zararlar ile bakteriler arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bakterilerin türleri, yapıları, yaşam alanları, mevsimsel popülasyon büyüklükleri, etki mekanizmaları, buz kristali oluşumunu tetiklediği sıcaklıklar, soğuk zararı ve süper soğuma ile arasındaki ilişkiler mevcut çalışmalar ışığında incelenmiş ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Asma, bakteriler, buz nükleasyonu, don zararı

Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria in Vineyards and Orchards and Low Temperature Damage

Abstract

Temperature is one of the climatic factors that determine the limits of the natural distribution of plants on earth. When the temperature drops below 0oC, it is not possible for physiological events to occur in the plant as the water in the plant freezes. Small ice crystals inside and between cells mix into the cytoplasm during freezing and cause death by disrupting the protoplasmic structure. Bacteria are thought to be one of the factors affecting the freezing event, which is initiated by internal or external nucleators and occurs heterogeneously in nature. These bacteria, which trigger the formation of ice crystals (INA bacteria), especially those belonging to the Pseudomonas syringae species, are thought to significantly restrict the habitats of grapevines and many other woody fruit species. In this review, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between the damage caused by low temperatures during different periods in vineyards and orchards and bacteria. In this direction, the relationships between bacteria species, structures, habitats, seasonal population sizes, mechanisms of action, temperatures triggered by ice crystal formation, cold damage, and supercooling have been examined and tried to be explained in the light of cur rent studies.

Keywords

Grapevine, bacteria, ice nucleation, frost damage

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