AB Sosyal Koruma Harcamaları Kapsamında Refah Devletlerinde Kadın İstihdamının Gelişimi

Öz

Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği (AB) üye ülkelerinde sosyal koruma harcamalarının kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisini, refah devleti modelleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Sosyal koruma harcamaları, kadınların işgücü piyasasına katılımını teşvik eden temel politikalardan biridir. Çalışmada, refah devleti tipolojileri dikkate alınarak sosyal koruma harcama kalemleri (aile destekleri, doğum izni, çocuk bakım hizmetleri vb.) ile kadın istihdam oranları arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmektedir.Refah devleti ülkelerin sosyal koruma harcamaları Eurostat ve OECD verilerinden yararlanılarak yapılan karşılaştırmalı analizler, İskandinav sosyal refah ülkeleri başta olmak üzere güçlü Avrupa Birliği sosyal refah devletlerinden güçlü sosyal refah devlet yapısına sahip ülkelerde kadın istihdamının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, kadın istihdamını artırmak için Avrupa Birliğinde sosyal refah bakımından daha zayıf ülkelerin sosyal koruma sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi gerektiği ve bunun da başarılmasında sosyal koruma harcamalarının önemli bir role sahip olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Sosyal Koruma
• Refah Devleti
• Kadın İstihdamı
• Sosyal Harcamalar

The Development of Women’s Employment in Welfare States within the Scope of EU Social Protection Expenditures

Abstract

This article examines the impact of social protection expenditures on women’s employment in the member states of the European Union (EU) within the framework of welfare state models. Social protection expenditures represent one of the core policy instruments that encourage women’s participation in the labour market. The study analyses the relationship between social protection expenditure categories—such as family allowances, maternity leave, and childcare services—and women’s employment rates, taking welfare state typologies into account. Based on Eurostat and OECD data, comparative analyses demonstrate that women’s employment is higher in countries with stronger welfare state structures, particularly in the Scandinavian welfare states and other robust EU welfare regimes. The findings indicate that, in order to enhance women’s employment, EU countries with weaker welfare systems need to strengthen their social protection mechanisms, with social protection expenditures playing a pivotal role in achieving this objective.

Keywords

• European Union
• Social Protection
• Welfare State
• Women’s Employment
• Social Expenditures

Kaynakça

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