Antik Roma Uygarlığı’nın İlk Yazılı Yasaları “Leges Duodecim Tabularum” Üzerinde Hellen Hukuku’nun Tesirleri

Öz

Modern dünyadaki hukuk sistemlerinin doğrudan yahut dolaylı olarak Roma Hukuku’nun tesirleri altında kaldıkları bariz bir hakikattir. Bugün temel aldığımız Roma Hukuku’nun tarihte yazı ile kaydedilmiş ilk metni ise, M.Ö. V. asrın ortalarında vücuda getirilen XII Levha Kanunları olmuştur. Söz konusu dönemde, bilhassa Akdeniz kültür havzasında mevcut bulunan gelişmiş uygarlıkların Roma kültürüne ve dolayısıyla hukuk sistemine tesirlerde bulunmuş oldukları aşikardır. Şüphesiz ki Latin-Roma kültürü üzerinde etkileri gözlenen toplumlar arasında en önde gelenler de Hellen Uygarlığı’nın temsilcileri olmuşlardır. Bu araştırma ile Romalılara coğrafi anlamda en yakın olan yerleşik toplumlardan Hellen Medeniyeti’ne ait hukuk yapılarının, Roma’nın ilk yazılı yasalarına olan tesirleri, incelenerek ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Buna göre öncelikle bahsi geçen zamana ait Hellen hukuk metinlerinden XII Levha Kanunları ile mukayese edilmek üzere seçilmiş olanlar ve XII Levha Kanunları genel olarak tanıtılmış, ardından bütün bu yasa derlemeleri ile, Roma Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yazılı kanun metinleri arasında, gerekli görülen ilgili pasajlardan alıntılar yapılarak, mukayeseler yapılmaya ve muhakemeler yürütülmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• XII Levha Kanunları,Lykurgos,Solon,Gortyn,Hukuk

Первые письменные законы древнеримской цивилизации «Leges Duodecim Tabularum»

Öz

Очевидно, что правовые системы в современном мире прямо или косвенно находятся под влиянием римского права. Первым текстом римского закона, на котором мы основаны сегодня, написанным в истории Закон двенадцати таблиц , введенный в середине 5-го века до нашей эры. Очевидно, что развитые цивилизации, существовавшие в средиземноморском культурном бассейне в этот период, оказали влияние на римскую культуру и, следовательно, на правовую систему. Несомненно, лидирующими среди обществ, чье влияние наблюдалось на латино-римскую культуру, были представители греческой цивилизации. С помощью этого исследования были исследованы последствия правовых структур, принадлежащих эллинам, одной из устоявшихся общин, ближайших к римлянам, для первых письменных законов Рима. Соответственно, во-первых, в целом были введены отобранные для сравнения Закон двенадцати таблиц а затем цитаты из соответствующих отрывков между всеми этими сборниками законов и первыми письменными текстами законов римской республики. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Закон двенадцати таблиц,Лукург,Солон,Гортина,Закон.

Influences of the Greek Law on the “Leges Duodecim Tabularum” the First Written Laws of Ancient Roman Civilization

Abstract

It is an obvious reality that law systems in the modern World are influenced by Roman Law directly or indirectly. The first inscribed text of Roman Law which today we are using it as base, is Law of the Twelve Tables (also known as The Twelve Tables) that are created in the middle of the fifth century B.C. It is clear that in the mentioned time, developed civilizations, especially presented in Mediterranean cultural area, had effected Roman culture and hence law system. Undoubtedly that, the foremost among the communities whose effects are sighted on the Latin-Roman culture is the representatives of Greek (Hellenic) Civilization. In this research study, it is tried to exhibit by analyzing influences of law structures which belong to Hellenes who are one of geographically the nearest settled societies for Romans, on the first written codes of Rome. Accordingly, primarily the selected ones, for comparing, among the Greek (Hellenic) Law texts which are involved aforesaid time, and Law of the Twelve Tables are generally introduced; subsequently between all these codifications and the first registered law texts of Roman Republic, it is tried to compare and judge by quoting related passages which are found necessary.

Keywords

• Law of the Twelve Tables,Lycurgus,Solon,Gortyn,law

Kaynakça

1. Metinde Kullanılan Literatür, Standart ve Süreli Yayınlar Kısaltmaları Listesi
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7. - Cic. rep. : (Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Legibus) = M. TVLLI CICERONIS, DE RE PVBLICA ; DE LEGIBVS ; CATO MAIOR DE SENECTVTE ; LAELIVS DE AMICITIA ; J. G. F. Powell, New York: Oxford University Press, The Loeb Classical Library, 2006.
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16. - Gai. Inst. : (Gaius, Institutiones) = Gai Institutiones, 2nd ed., (Ed., E. Seckel and B. Kübler), Berlin, 1935.
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