Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Erken Hristiyanlık Dönemi Tövbe Kitaplarında Cinsel Suçlar

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 6, 1995 - 2015, 23.01.2024

Abstract

III. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Roma İmparatorluğu’nun içerisinde bulunduğu kaotik atmosfer ve ardından yaşanan Kavimler Göçü süreci neticesinde Roma hukuku, yaptırım gücünü önemli oranda kaybetmiştir. Roma hukukunun yaptırım gücünün azalması sonucunda yaşanan boşluk da Kıta Avrupası'na yerleşmeye başlayan kavimlerin kendi hukukları tarafından doldurulmuş, yaşanan olaylar sonucunda ortaya çıkan siyasi kaos, hukuki manada da düzensizliğe sebebiyet vermiştir. Kıta Avrupası ile kıyaslandığında Kavimler Göçü sürecinden daha az etkilenen İrlanda ve Galler’de hâkim olan Kelt kültürü ile katı manastır anlayışı, tövbe ve kefaret odaklı bir hukuki düzenin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamış, din adamları, bu hukuki düzenin temelini oluşturan eserler kaleme almışlardır. Bu bağlamda "tövbe kitapları" olarak adlandırılan ve günah olarak görülen eylemleri çeşitli düzeylerdeki kefaret yöntemleri ile cezalandıran eserler, bölgede kilise otoritesinin hâkim kılınmasına önayak olmuş ve zaman içerisinde tüm Kıta Avrupası'nı etkisi altına almıştır. Aralarında putperestlik, hırsızlık, iki yüzlülük ve cinayet gibi ağır suçların da yer aldığı bu eserlerde zina ve çeşitli cinsel suçlar da ele alınmış, mezkûr eserler, kilisenin cinselliğe bakışını yansıtarak idealize bir cinsel yaşamın oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamış ve böylece, kadın-erkek arasındaki her türlü cinsel münasebet de denetim altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Kilisenin kadın ve erkek üzerinde kurmak istediği bu denetim de onların evlilik süreçlerinin, toplumsal ilişkilerinin, dinî toplantılara ve ayinlere katılımlarının ve ailevi yaşantılarının kontrol edilmesine imkân tanımıştır.

References

  • Abraham, E. V. (2017). Anticipating Sin in Medieval Society Childhood, Sexuality, and Violence in the Early Penitentials. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Bieler, L. (1963). The Irish Penitentials. Dublin : The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
  • Binchy, D. A. (1968). St. Patrick's 'First Synod. Studia Hibernica, 8, 49-59.
  • Fastiggi, R. (2017). Sacrament of Reconciliation: An Anthropological and Scriptural Understanding. Hillenbrand Books.
  • McNeill, J. T. & Gamer, H. (1990). Medieval Handbooks of Penance: a Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections From Related Documents. Columbia University Press.
  • Leo, B. (1846). Sancti Leonis Magni (Vol. 54). (J.-P. Migne, Ed.) Migne.
  • Llyod, S. J. (1912). A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Vol. 1). Longmans, Green and Co.
  • O’Dohonue, J. (2009). Anam Cara: A Book of Celtic Wisdom. Harper Collins.
  • Roberts, J. D. (1886). Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325: Volume IV: Tertullian, Part Fourth. The Christian Literature Publishing Company.
  • Salvinus, M. (1930). On the Government of God. Columbia University Press.
  • Schaff, P. & Wace, H. (1916). From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series (Vol. 14). Christian Literature Publishing Company.
  • Schaff, P. (1882). History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. Grand Rapids.
  • Sellner, E. (1995). Soul Friendship in Early Celtic Monasticism. Aisling Magazine, 17. Retrieved from https://www.aislingmagazine.com/aislingmagazine/articles/TAM17/Friendship.html
  • Sellner, E. (1998). Soul Friendship: Sharing One's Life and Heart. The Furrow, 49 (7/8), 408-417.
  • Wace, H. (1911). About A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies. Grand Rapids.

Sexual Offences in the Early Christian Penitential Books

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 6, 1995 - 2015, 23.01.2024

Abstract

The Roman law lost its sanction power considerably due to the chaotic atmosphere toward which the Roman Empire had drifted as from the middle of the third century and as a consequence of the process involving the Migration of Tribes, which came right after. The void that emerged because of the decline of the sanction power of the Roman law was filled with the law of the tribes that were beginning to settle in Europe; therefore, the political chaos which naturally rose in the wake of the events caused legal disorder as well. Celtic culture and the strict concept of convents, which was prevalent in Ireland and in the Wales, which were less affected by the Migration of Tribes compared to Europe, paved the way for the emergence of a legal order that was based on penitence and redemption, and clergymen presented treatises that underlay that legal order. These treatises named "penitential books", which penanced actions that were considered sinful with some means of redemption on diverse levels, pioneered the authority of the church in the area and exercised influence over whole Europe in time. In these works, which involved serious crimes such as paganism, theft, hypocrisy and homicide, other crimes like adultery and sex crimes were also discussed; they presented the church's approach to sexuality and provided the depiction of the ideal sex life; thus, thanks to these books, every sort of carnal connection between men and women was tried to be supervised. This supervision over men and women helped the church to control their marriage process, social relations, joining prayers and services and family life in general.

References

  • Abraham, E. V. (2017). Anticipating Sin in Medieval Society Childhood, Sexuality, and Violence in the Early Penitentials. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Bieler, L. (1963). The Irish Penitentials. Dublin : The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
  • Binchy, D. A. (1968). St. Patrick's 'First Synod. Studia Hibernica, 8, 49-59.
  • Fastiggi, R. (2017). Sacrament of Reconciliation: An Anthropological and Scriptural Understanding. Hillenbrand Books.
  • McNeill, J. T. & Gamer, H. (1990). Medieval Handbooks of Penance: a Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections From Related Documents. Columbia University Press.
  • Leo, B. (1846). Sancti Leonis Magni (Vol. 54). (J.-P. Migne, Ed.) Migne.
  • Llyod, S. J. (1912). A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Vol. 1). Longmans, Green and Co.
  • O’Dohonue, J. (2009). Anam Cara: A Book of Celtic Wisdom. Harper Collins.
  • Roberts, J. D. (1886). Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325: Volume IV: Tertullian, Part Fourth. The Christian Literature Publishing Company.
  • Salvinus, M. (1930). On the Government of God. Columbia University Press.
  • Schaff, P. & Wace, H. (1916). From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series (Vol. 14). Christian Literature Publishing Company.
  • Schaff, P. (1882). History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. Grand Rapids.
  • Sellner, E. (1995). Soul Friendship in Early Celtic Monasticism. Aisling Magazine, 17. Retrieved from https://www.aislingmagazine.com/aislingmagazine/articles/TAM17/Friendship.html
  • Sellner, E. (1998). Soul Friendship: Sharing One's Life and Heart. The Furrow, 49 (7/8), 408-417.
  • Wace, H. (1911). About A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies. Grand Rapids.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Christian Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Talha Kalkan 0000-0002-1954-5698

Early Pub Date December 10, 2023
Publication Date January 23, 2024
Submission Date October 25, 2023
Acceptance Date December 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Kalkan, M. T. (2024). Erken Hristiyanlık Dönemi Tövbe Kitaplarında Cinsel Suçlar. Akademik Tarih Ve Düşünce Dergisi, 10(6), 1995-2015.

По всем вопросам приема статей и выпуска очередных номеров обращаться в редакцию соответствующего журнала

                                                                                                                                                   

                                                           Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi   Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

  ©  ATDD Tüm Hakları Saklıdır 


CC-BY-NC