Bor Elementi ve Biyolojik Sistemlere Etkisi

Abstract

Obezite çağımızın en büyük halk sağlığı problemlerinden birisidir. Morbidite, erken ölüm, bozulmuş yaşam kalitesi ve beraberinde eşlik eden hastalıklar sağlık sistemi üzerinde büyük baskı ve sağlık bakım maliyetindeki artışlarla yük oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde sadece estetik bir problem olarak kabul edilmeyen obezite için uygun tedavilerin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar artarak devam etmektedir. Obeziteyi tedavi etmek için etkili bir farmakolojik müdahale, sürekli kilo kaybı sağlamalı ve organlarda olumsuz yan etki oluşturmamalıdır. Bor (B) biyolojik bir eser elementtir. Bor’un biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olduğunun bilinmesi, bor içeren bileşiklerin geliştirilmesine ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Bor bazlı ilaçların birçok biyomedikal uygulamaya sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bor’un biyolojik rolü henüz tam olarak açıklığa kavuşmamış olsa da, Bor’un trigliserid, glikoz, üre, kreatinin, steroid hormon seviyelerini ve çeşitli metabolik enzimlerin aktivitesini değiştirebileceği gözlenmiştir. Bor’un kilo verme üzerindeki olası etkisini ortaya koymak üzere hayvan ve insan çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Bu derlemede bor elementinin biyolojik sistemlerdeki etkisi ve obezite tedavisinde kullanımı ile ilgili bilgilerin derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Bor
• Bor elementi
• Borik asit
• Obezite

Boron Element and Its Effect on Biological Systems

Abstract

Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of our age. Morbidity, premature death, impaired quality of life and accompanying diseases are burdened by enormous pressure on the health system and increases in health care costs. Nowadays, studies to develop appropriate treatments for obesity, which is not only considered an aesthetic problem, are increasingly continuing. An effective pharmacological intervention to treat obesity should provide sustained weight loss and not have negative side effects on organs. Boron (B) is a biological trace element. Knowing that boron has biological activity has increased interest in the development of boron-containing compounds. Boron-based drugs have been shown to have many biomedical applications. Although the biological role of boron has not been fully clarified yet, it has been observed that boron can alter triglyceride, glucose, urea, creatinine, steroid hormone levels and the activity of various metabolic enzymes. Animal and human studies are being conducted to reveal the possible effect of boron on weight loss. In this review, it is aimed to compile information about the effect of boron in biological systems and its use in the treatment of obesity.

Keywords

• Boron
• Boron element
• Boric acid
• Obesity

References

1. 1. Barja-Fernandez S, Leis R, Casanueva FF, Seoane LM. Drug development strategies for the treatment of obesity: how to ensure efficacy, safety, and sustainable weight loss. Drug, Design, Development and Therapy 2014; 8:2391-2400.
2. 2. World Health Organization, “Obesity and Overweight” who.int, Mar. 3, 2020.
3. 3. World Health Organisation. The SuRF Report 2. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization , 2005.
4. 4. Global Nutrition Report. The 2020 Global Nutrıtıon Report In The Context Of Covıd-19. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2020-global-nutrition-report/2020-global-nutrition-report-context-covid-19/
5. 5. Duydu Y, Basaran N, Bolt HM. Exposure assessment of boron in Bandırma boric acid production plant. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012;26:161-164.
6. 6. Hunt CD. Dietary boron: progress in establishing essential roles in human physiology. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26(2-3):157-160.
7. 7. World Health Organisation, Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health, Geneva, Switzerland (1996)
8. 8. Atakisi O, Dalginli KZ, Gulmez C, Kaya R, Ozden O, Kart A, Atakisi E. Boric acid and Borax supplementation reduces weight gain in overweight rats and alter L-carnitine and IGF-I levels. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2020;90:3-4,221-227.

9. 9. Abdik EA, Abdik H, Tasli PN, Deniz AAH, Sahin F. Suppressive role of boron on adipogenic differentiation and fat deposition in human mesenchymal stem cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:384-392.
10. 10. Couillard C, Mauriege P, Imbeault P. et al. Hyperleptinemia is more closely associated with adipose cell hypertropy than with adipose tissue hyperplasia. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2000;24(6):782-788.
11. 11. WHO. Obesity preventing and managing. The global epidemic.2000. (WHO Technical Report Series 894); p.268.
12. 12. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Cause specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA 2007;298:2028-2037.
13. 13. Sharma AM, Padwal R. Obesity is a sihn-over-eating is a symptom: an aetiological framework for the assessment and management of obesity. Obes Rev 2010;11:362-370.
14. 14. Kushner RF. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014;56:465-472.
15. 15. Jakicic JM. The effect of physical activity on body weight. Obesity (Silver Spirng).2009;17(Suppl 3):S34-S38.
16. 16. Hurt RT, Edakkanambeth Varayil J, Ebbert JO. New pharmacological treatments fort he management of obesity. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2014;16(6):394.
17. 17. Uluisik I, Karakaya HC, Koc A. The importance of boron in biological systems. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2018; 45:156-162.
18. 18. Bolanos L, Lukaszewski K, Bonilla I, Blevins D. Why boron? Plant Physiol Biochem 2004;42(11):907-912.
19. 19. Aysan E, Sahi F, Telci D, Erdem M, Muslumanoglu M, Yardımcı E, Bektasoglu H. Mechanism of body weight reducing effect of oral boric acid intake, International Journal of Endocrinology 2013;doi.org/10.1155/2013/914651
20. 20. Kot FS. Boron sources, speciation and its potential impact to health. Rev Enciron Sci Bio/Technol 2009;8(1):3-28.
21. 21. Tanaka M, Fujiwara T. Physiological roles and transport mechanisms of boron: perspectives from plants. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 2008;456(4): 671-677.
22. 22. Woods WG. An introduction to boron-history, sources, uses and chemistry. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:5-11.
23. 23. Das BC, Thapa P, Karki R, Schinke C, Das S, Kambhampati S, Baberjee SK, Veldhuizen PV, Verma A, Weiss LM, Evans T. Boron chemicals in diagnosis and therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2013; 5(6):653-676.
24. 24. Kuru R, Yilmaz S, Balan G, Tuzuner AB, Tasli PN, Akyuz S, Yener Ozturk F, Altuntas Y, Yarat A, Sahin F. Boron-rich diet may regulate blood lipid profile and prevent obesity: A non-drug and self-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2019;54:191-198.
25. 25. Nielsen FH, Meacham SL. Growing evidence for human health benefits of boron. J Evid Complement Altern Med 2011;16:169-180.
26. 26. Ku WW, Chapin RE, Moseman RF, Brink RE,Pierce KD, Adams KY. Tissue dispositon of boron in male Fischer rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991;111(1):145-151.
27. 27. Genin E, Rebound-Rayaux M, Vidal J. Proteasome inhibitors: recent advances and new perspectives in medicinal chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2010;10(3):232-256.
28. 28. Lopez-Cabrera Y, Castillo-Garcia el, Altamirano-Espino JA, Perez-Capistran T, Farfan-Garcia ED, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Soriano-Ursua MA. Profile of three boron-conta,ining compounds on the body weight, metabolism and inflammatory markers of diabetic rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2018;50:424-429.
29. 29. Hasbahceci M, Cipe G, Kadioglu H, Aysan E, Muslumanoglu M. Reverse reletionship between blood boron level and body mass index in humans: Does it matter for obesity? Biol Trace Elem Res 2013;153:141-144.
30. 30. Aysan E, Sahin F, Telci D, et al. Body weight reducing effect of oral boric acid intake, International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011;8:653-658.
31. 31. Basoglu A, Baspinar N, Sagkan Ozturk A, Peker Akalın P. Effects of long-term boron administration on high-energy diet induced obesity in rabbits: NMR based metabolomic evaluation. Journal of Animal and veterinary advances 2011;10(12):1512-1515.
32. 32. Başaran N, Duydu Y, Bacanlı, et al., Evaluantion of oxidative stress and immune parameters of boron exposed males and females. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020;142:111488. Doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111488.