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TİP 2 DİYABET VE İNKRETİNLERİN ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 7 - June 2023, 34 - 45, 15.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54270/atljm.2023.35

Abstract

İnsanın yaşamının devamı, büyüme ve gelişmesi, sağlığının korunması için gerekli besin öğelerini doğru miktarlarda alıp, vücutta kullanılmasına beslenme denir. Beslenmenin ardından vücuttaki hormonların yeterli ve doğru salgılanması kişilerin sağlığı için önemlidir. Vücudumuzdaki insülin hormonun eksikliği ya da insülin eksikliği kaynaklı ortaya çıkan ve hiperglisemi ile karakterize Tip 2 diyabet dünyayı etkileyen önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarındandır. Patofizyolojisinin temelinde insülin direnci ve insülin sekresyonundaki azalmadır. Hastalığın ilerlemesiyle ilaç ve insülin kullanımı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kullanılan ilaçlar ve insülin çoğu hastada tek başına uzun süreli tedavide yan etkilere sebep olmakta ve tedavinin etkinliği azalmaktadır. Günümüzde etkili glikoz kontrolü ve beta hücre fonksiyonunu düzenleyen inkretin bazlı tedavilerin önemi artmıştır. İnkretin, ağız yoluyla alınan karbonhidratların, intravenöz yolla verilen glukoza oranla intestinal hormon aracılı insülin sekresyonunu daha çok arttırması olarak bilinmektedir. İnkretin etkisi glikoza karşı insülin tepkisinin %50 ile %70’inden sorumludur. İnkretin hormonları glukagon benzeri peptid-1 (GLP-1) ve glukoza bağımlı insülinotropik polipeptit (GIP)’dir. Bu hormonlar, pankreas beta hücrelerinden glukoz ile indüklenmiş insülin sekresyonunu harekete geçirmek üzere intestinal mukozadan salınır. Yapılan son çalışmalarda tip 2 diyabeti tedavi etmek için GLP-1 tabanlı tedaviler ve Dipeptidil Peptidaz-4 İnhibitörü (DPP-4) inhibitörlerinin HbA1C’yi düşürme ve glisemik kontrolü düzenlemedeki etkilerinin saptanması üzerine ilave tedavi olarak inkretinlerin önemi ortaya çıkmıştır.

References

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  • Özer, E., & Yıldız, E. A. (2019). Türkiye’de Diyabet Diyetisyenliği: 23 Yıllık Tarihsel Süreç. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47, 1-4.
  • Cole JB, Florez JC. Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020 Jul;16(7):377-390.
  • American Diabetes Association (2011). Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes care, 34 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S11–S61.
  • Sami, W., Ansari, T., Butt, N. S., & Hamid, M. (2017). Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. International journal of health sciences, 11(2), 65–71.
  • ADA American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38 (Supplement 1):8-16.
  • Magurova D, Majerníková Ľ, Hloch S, Tozan H, Goztepe K. Knowledge of diabetes in patients with Type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy from Eastern Slovakia. Diabetol Croat. 2012;41:95–102.
  • Bukhsh, A., Khan, T. M., Sarfraz Nawaz, M., Sajjad Ahmed, H., Chan, K. G., & Goh, B. H. (2019). Association of diabetes knowledge with glycemic control and self care practices among Pakistani people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 12, 1409–1417.
  • Shah VN, Kamdar PK, Shah N. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of Type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29:118–22.
  • Çolak R. Tip 2 diabetes mellitus tedavisinde inkretinler. Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi 2012; 29:30-38.
  • Elrick, H., Stimmler, l., Hlad, C.J. JR., Arai, Y., 1964. Plasma insulin response to oral and ıntravenous glucose administration. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 1076-1082.
  • Tasyurek HM, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Sanlioglu S. Incretins: their physiology and application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014 Jul;30(5):354-71.
  • White J. Efficacy and safety of incretin based therapies: clinical trial data. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009 Sep-Oct;49 Suppl 1:S30-40.2
  • Russell S. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013 Apr;35(2):159-72.
  • Holst JJ, Vilsboll T, Deacon CF. The incretin system and its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 Jan 15;297(1-2):127-36.
  • Farilla, L., Hui, H., Bertolotto, C., Kang, E., Bulotta, A., Di Mario, U., & Perfetti, R. (2002). Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats. Endocrinology, 143(11), 4397–4408.
  • Bose, M., Oliván, B., Teixeira, J., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Laferrère, B. (2009). Do Incretins play a rolein the remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery: What are the evidence? Obesity surgery, 19(2), 217–229.
  • Lovshin JA, Drucker DJ. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 May;5(5):262-9.
  • Hojberg PV, Vilsboll T, Rabol R, Knop FK, Bache M, Krarup T, Holst JJ, Madsbad S. Four weeks of near-normalisation of blood glucose improves the insulin response to glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009 Feb;52(2):199-207.
  • Holst, J. J., Knop, F. K., Vilsboll, T., Krarup, T., & Madsbad, S. (2011). Loss of incretin effect is a specific, important, and early characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 34 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S251–S257.
  • Barnett AH, Patel S, Harper R, Toorawa R, Thiemann S, von Eynatten M, Woerle HJ. Linagliptin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes patients for whom metformin is inappropriate: an 18-week randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled phase III trial with a 34-week activecontrolled extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012. Dec;14 (12): 1145-54
  • Del Prato S, Barnett AH, Huisman H, Neubacher D, Woerle HJ, Dugi KA. Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of a-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Mar;13(3):258-67.2
  • DeFronzo RA, Ratner RE, Han J, Kim DD, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1092-100
Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 7 - June 2023, 34 - 45, 15.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54270/atljm.2023.35

Abstract

References

  • http://www.ttb.org.tr/n_fisek/kitap_1/index. html (Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2021)
  • World Health Organization. (2019). www.who. int: https://www.who.int/health topics/nutrition adresinden alındı.(Erişim Tarihi:20.05.2021)
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) 2015. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1031, Ankara 2016.
  • Göksu U., Ünal A. Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2’de İnkretin Temelli Tedaviler . Kafkas J Med Sci 2017; 7(2):174–180
  • Olokoba, A. B., Obateru, O. A., & Olokoba, L. B. (2012). Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends. Oman medical journal, 27(4), 269–273.
  • TÜRKDİAB Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2019
  • Kim, W., & Egan, J. M. (2008). The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment. Pharmacological reviews, 60(4), 470–512.
  • Drucker, D. J., Sherman, S. I., Gorelick, F. S., Bergenstal, R. M., Sherwin, R. S., & Buse, J. B. (2010). Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evaluation of the risks and benefits. Diabetes care, 33(2), 428–433.
  • ADA American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2021 Jan; 44(Supplement 1): S15-S33.
  • TEMD Diabetes Mellitus Çalışma ve Eğitim Grubu. TEMD Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu-2019. 12. Baskı. Ağustos 2019- ANKARA
  • Goyal R, Jialal I. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. 2020 Nov 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan.
  • Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, Shaw JE, Bright D, Williams R; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843.2
  • Özer, E., & Yıldız, E. A. (2019). Türkiye’de Diyabet Diyetisyenliği: 23 Yıllık Tarihsel Süreç. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47, 1-4.
  • Cole JB, Florez JC. Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020 Jul;16(7):377-390.
  • American Diabetes Association (2011). Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes care, 34 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S11–S61.
  • Sami, W., Ansari, T., Butt, N. S., & Hamid, M. (2017). Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. International journal of health sciences, 11(2), 65–71.
  • ADA American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38 (Supplement 1):8-16.
  • Magurova D, Majerníková Ľ, Hloch S, Tozan H, Goztepe K. Knowledge of diabetes in patients with Type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy from Eastern Slovakia. Diabetol Croat. 2012;41:95–102.
  • Bukhsh, A., Khan, T. M., Sarfraz Nawaz, M., Sajjad Ahmed, H., Chan, K. G., & Goh, B. H. (2019). Association of diabetes knowledge with glycemic control and self care practices among Pakistani people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 12, 1409–1417.
  • Shah VN, Kamdar PK, Shah N. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of Type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29:118–22.
  • Çolak R. Tip 2 diabetes mellitus tedavisinde inkretinler. Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi 2012; 29:30-38.
  • Elrick, H., Stimmler, l., Hlad, C.J. JR., Arai, Y., 1964. Plasma insulin response to oral and ıntravenous glucose administration. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 1076-1082.
  • Tasyurek HM, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Sanlioglu S. Incretins: their physiology and application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014 Jul;30(5):354-71.
  • White J. Efficacy and safety of incretin based therapies: clinical trial data. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009 Sep-Oct;49 Suppl 1:S30-40.2
  • Russell S. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013 Apr;35(2):159-72.
  • Holst JJ, Vilsboll T, Deacon CF. The incretin system and its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 Jan 15;297(1-2):127-36.
  • Farilla, L., Hui, H., Bertolotto, C., Kang, E., Bulotta, A., Di Mario, U., & Perfetti, R. (2002). Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats. Endocrinology, 143(11), 4397–4408.
  • Bose, M., Oliván, B., Teixeira, J., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Laferrère, B. (2009). Do Incretins play a rolein the remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery: What are the evidence? Obesity surgery, 19(2), 217–229.
  • Lovshin JA, Drucker DJ. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 May;5(5):262-9.
  • Hojberg PV, Vilsboll T, Rabol R, Knop FK, Bache M, Krarup T, Holst JJ, Madsbad S. Four weeks of near-normalisation of blood glucose improves the insulin response to glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009 Feb;52(2):199-207.
  • Holst, J. J., Knop, F. K., Vilsboll, T., Krarup, T., & Madsbad, S. (2011). Loss of incretin effect is a specific, important, and early characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 34 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S251–S257.
  • Barnett AH, Patel S, Harper R, Toorawa R, Thiemann S, von Eynatten M, Woerle HJ. Linagliptin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes patients for whom metformin is inappropriate: an 18-week randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled phase III trial with a 34-week activecontrolled extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012. Dec;14 (12): 1145-54
  • Del Prato S, Barnett AH, Huisman H, Neubacher D, Woerle HJ, Dugi KA. Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of a-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Mar;13(3):258-67.2
  • DeFronzo RA, Ratner RE, Han J, Kim DD, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1092-100
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Hatice Gök This is me 0000-0002-1713-8183

Publication Date July 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 7 - June 2023

Cite

Vancouver Gök H. TİP 2 DİYABET VE İNKRETİNLERİN ETKİSİ. ATLJM. 2023;3(7):34-45.