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VÜCUT AĞIRLIĞI YÖNETİMİNDE YENİ DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - October 2021, 42 - 49, 26.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54270/atljm.2021.9

Abstract

Sağlığı olumsuz yönde etkileyecek şekilde vücutta fazla miktarda yağ birikmesi, obezite olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve çok faktörlü ve kompleks bir hastalık olan obezite dünya genelinde 600 milyon insanı etkilemektedir. Ancak obezitenin tedavisi oldukça güç ve karmaşıktır. Hem literatürde hem de medyada lanse edilen çok sayıda diyet bulunmaktadır ve bu diyetlerin bugüne kadar hiçbirinin ağırlık kaybını tetiklemede ve sürdürmede evrensel olarak başarı göstermediği belirtilmiştir. Günümüzde, obezite tedavisinde makro mikro besin ögelerinin alımının ve enerji alımı ve harcamasının dışında, öğün saati konusunda da çalışmalar yapılmaktır. Bir diyet türü olarak tanımlanmayan, birbirini takip eden yeme ve açlık modellerinden oluşan beslenme döngüsü olan aralıklı açlık üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Aralıklı açlık, genel olarak, günlük açlık ve haftalık açlık olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Günlük ritimler; 12:12 Ritmi, 8:16 Ritmi, 6:18 Ritmi ve 23:1 Ritmi ve haftalık ritimler 6:1 Ritmi; 5:2 Ritmi ve İki Günde Bir Ritmi şeklindedir. Açlık dönemlerinde hem keton kullanımında metabolik değişiklikler hem de beynin besin yokluğuna karşı adaptasyonu nedeniyle bu diyetlerinin sağlığı destekleyici ve hastalıklara karşı önleyici etkileri olduğu araştırmalarla saptanmıştır. Ayrıca bu diyetler ile insanların daha az öğün tüketerek, daha az enerji aldığı belirlenmiştir. Aralıklı açlık diyetlerinin, enerji homeostazı ilkesine dayanan diyetlerin yerine geçip geçemeyeceğini, ağırlık kaybında sürekliliğin sağlayıp sağlamadığını anlamak için çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Genel olarak, hiçbir ağırlık kaybı diyetinin klinik çalışmalarda üstünlüğü kanıtlanmamıştır. Ağırlık kaybı diyetlerinde tüm besin ögelerinin yeterli ve dengeli olması, sürdürülebilir ve kişiye özel olarak diyetisyen tarafından hazırlanması gereklidir.

References

  • Greenway F. Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain. International Journal of Obesity 2015;39(8): 1188-96.
  • Akbulut G. Erişkinlerde şişmanlığın diyet tedavisindeki güncel yaklaşımlar ve fiziksel aktivitenin önemi. Diyabet ve Obezite 2010; 86-90.
  • Obezite T, Grubu HÇ. Obezite tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği 2017; 11-9.
  • Berthoud H-R, Klein S. Advances in obesity: Causes, consequences, and therapy. Gastroenterology 2017;152(7): 1635-7.
  • Jebb S. Obesity: causes and consequences. Women’s Health Medicine 2004;1(1): 38-41.
  • WHO. Obesity and overweight: World Health Organization 2006 [cited 10 May 2021] Available from: http://www.mclveganway.org.uk/Publications/WHO_Obesity_and_overweight.pdf. .
  • Kushner RF. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity: Lifestyle management and pharmacotherapy. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2018;61(2): 246-52.
  • Foster D, Sanchez-Collins S, Cheskin LJ. Multidisciplinary team–based obesity treatment in patients with diabetes: current practices and the state of the science. Diabetes Spectrum 2017;30(4): 244-9.
  • Kahan S. Overweight and obesity management strategies. Am J Manag Care 2016;22: 96-186.
  • Thom G, Lean M. Is there an optimal diet for weight management and metabolic health? Gastroenterology 2017;152(7): 1739-51.
  • Bray GA, Frühbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JP. Management of obesity. The Lancet 2016;387(10031): 1947-56.
  • Simona IE, Alexandra C, Gabriela J. Obesity treatment strategies. Acta Medica Marisiensis 2015;61(4): 361-6.
  • Wadden TA, Foster GD, Sarwer DB, et al. Dieting and the development of eating disorders in obese women: Results of a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004;80(3): 560-8.
  • Yusuf FB. Obezitede diyetin düzenlenmesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 2017;5(5): 1-4.
  • Mercanlıgil S. Şişmanlığın tedavi yöntemleri doğrular ve yanlışlar. Ankara: TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2008.
  • Pekcan EG, Şanlıer N, Baş M, Başoğlu S, Acar Tek N. Türkiye beslenme rehberi 2015 (TÜBER). Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2016.
  • Yannakoulia M, Poulimeneas D, Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA. Dietary modifications for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Metabolism 2019;92:153-62.
  • Matarese LE, Pories WJ. Adult weight loss diets: Metabolic effects and outcomes. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2014;29(6): 759-67.
  • Kumar RB, Aronne LJ. Review of multimodal therapies for obesity treatment: Including dietary, counseling strategies, and pharmacologic interventions. Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017;19(1): 12-7.
  • Soeliman FA, Azadbakht L. Weight loss maintenance: A review on dietary related strategies. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014;19(3):268.
  • Van Baak MA, Mariman E. Dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance. Nutrients 2019;11(8): 1916.
  • Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Klein GL, et al. Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: Randomized trial. BMJ 2018;363.
  • Johnston BC, Kanters S, Bandayrel K, et al. Comparison of weight loss among named diet programs in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2014;312(9): 923-33.
  • Delbridge EA, Prendergast LA, Pritchard JE, Proietto J. One-year weight maintenance after significant weight loss in healthy overweight and obese subjects: Does diet composition matter? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;90(5): 1203-14.
  • Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. New England Journal of Medicine 2009;360(9): 859-73.
  • Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166(3): 285-93.
  • Kreider RB, Serra M, Beavers KM, et al. A structured diet and exercise program promotes favorable changes in weight loss, body composition, and weight maintenance. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2011;111(6): 828-43.
  • Akpınar Ş, Akbulut G. Aralıklı açlık diyetlerinin ağırlık denetimi ve sağlık çıktıları üzerindeki etkisi. SDU Journal of Health Science Institute/SDÜ Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2019;10(2): 177-183.
  • Huo R, Du T, Xu Y, et al. Effects of Mediterranean-style diet on glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes individuals: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015;69(11): 1200-8.
  • Rothschild J, Hoddy KK, Jambazian P, Varady KA. Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: A review of human and animal studies. Nutrition Reviews 2014;72(5): 308-18.
  • Hatori M, Vollmers C, Zarrinpar A, et al. Time-restricted feeding without reducing caloric intake prevents metabolic diseases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Cell Metabolism 2012;15(6): 848-60.
  • Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, et al. European guidelines for obesity management in adults. Obesity Facts 2015;8(6): 402-24.
  • Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans. Obesity 2013;21(7): 1370-9.
  • Gotthardt JD, Verpeut JL, Yeomans BL, et al. Intermittent fasting promotes fat loss with lean mass retention, increased hypothalamic norepinephrine content, and increased neuropeptide Y gene expression in diet-induced obese male mice. Endocrinology 2016;157(2): 679-91.
  • Harvie M, Wright C, Pegington M, et al. The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women. British Journal of Nutrition 2013;110(8): 1534-47.
  • Pellegrini M, Cioffi I, Evangelista A, et al. Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2019: 1-17.
  • Barnosky AR, Hoddy KK, Unterman TG, Varady KA. Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: A review of human findings. Translational Research 2014;164(4): 302-11.
Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - October 2021, 42 - 49, 26.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54270/atljm.2021.9

Abstract

References

  • Greenway F. Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain. International Journal of Obesity 2015;39(8): 1188-96.
  • Akbulut G. Erişkinlerde şişmanlığın diyet tedavisindeki güncel yaklaşımlar ve fiziksel aktivitenin önemi. Diyabet ve Obezite 2010; 86-90.
  • Obezite T, Grubu HÇ. Obezite tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği 2017; 11-9.
  • Berthoud H-R, Klein S. Advances in obesity: Causes, consequences, and therapy. Gastroenterology 2017;152(7): 1635-7.
  • Jebb S. Obesity: causes and consequences. Women’s Health Medicine 2004;1(1): 38-41.
  • WHO. Obesity and overweight: World Health Organization 2006 [cited 10 May 2021] Available from: http://www.mclveganway.org.uk/Publications/WHO_Obesity_and_overweight.pdf. .
  • Kushner RF. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity: Lifestyle management and pharmacotherapy. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2018;61(2): 246-52.
  • Foster D, Sanchez-Collins S, Cheskin LJ. Multidisciplinary team–based obesity treatment in patients with diabetes: current practices and the state of the science. Diabetes Spectrum 2017;30(4): 244-9.
  • Kahan S. Overweight and obesity management strategies. Am J Manag Care 2016;22: 96-186.
  • Thom G, Lean M. Is there an optimal diet for weight management and metabolic health? Gastroenterology 2017;152(7): 1739-51.
  • Bray GA, Frühbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JP. Management of obesity. The Lancet 2016;387(10031): 1947-56.
  • Simona IE, Alexandra C, Gabriela J. Obesity treatment strategies. Acta Medica Marisiensis 2015;61(4): 361-6.
  • Wadden TA, Foster GD, Sarwer DB, et al. Dieting and the development of eating disorders in obese women: Results of a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004;80(3): 560-8.
  • Yusuf FB. Obezitede diyetin düzenlenmesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 2017;5(5): 1-4.
  • Mercanlıgil S. Şişmanlığın tedavi yöntemleri doğrular ve yanlışlar. Ankara: TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2008.
  • Pekcan EG, Şanlıer N, Baş M, Başoğlu S, Acar Tek N. Türkiye beslenme rehberi 2015 (TÜBER). Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2016.
  • Yannakoulia M, Poulimeneas D, Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA. Dietary modifications for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Metabolism 2019;92:153-62.
  • Matarese LE, Pories WJ. Adult weight loss diets: Metabolic effects and outcomes. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2014;29(6): 759-67.
  • Kumar RB, Aronne LJ. Review of multimodal therapies for obesity treatment: Including dietary, counseling strategies, and pharmacologic interventions. Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017;19(1): 12-7.
  • Soeliman FA, Azadbakht L. Weight loss maintenance: A review on dietary related strategies. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014;19(3):268.
  • Van Baak MA, Mariman E. Dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance. Nutrients 2019;11(8): 1916.
  • Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Klein GL, et al. Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: Randomized trial. BMJ 2018;363.
  • Johnston BC, Kanters S, Bandayrel K, et al. Comparison of weight loss among named diet programs in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2014;312(9): 923-33.
  • Delbridge EA, Prendergast LA, Pritchard JE, Proietto J. One-year weight maintenance after significant weight loss in healthy overweight and obese subjects: Does diet composition matter? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;90(5): 1203-14.
  • Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. New England Journal of Medicine 2009;360(9): 859-73.
  • Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166(3): 285-93.
  • Kreider RB, Serra M, Beavers KM, et al. A structured diet and exercise program promotes favorable changes in weight loss, body composition, and weight maintenance. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2011;111(6): 828-43.
  • Akpınar Ş, Akbulut G. Aralıklı açlık diyetlerinin ağırlık denetimi ve sağlık çıktıları üzerindeki etkisi. SDU Journal of Health Science Institute/SDÜ Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2019;10(2): 177-183.
  • Huo R, Du T, Xu Y, et al. Effects of Mediterranean-style diet on glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes individuals: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015;69(11): 1200-8.
  • Rothschild J, Hoddy KK, Jambazian P, Varady KA. Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: A review of human and animal studies. Nutrition Reviews 2014;72(5): 308-18.
  • Hatori M, Vollmers C, Zarrinpar A, et al. Time-restricted feeding without reducing caloric intake prevents metabolic diseases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Cell Metabolism 2012;15(6): 848-60.
  • Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, et al. European guidelines for obesity management in adults. Obesity Facts 2015;8(6): 402-24.
  • Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans. Obesity 2013;21(7): 1370-9.
  • Gotthardt JD, Verpeut JL, Yeomans BL, et al. Intermittent fasting promotes fat loss with lean mass retention, increased hypothalamic norepinephrine content, and increased neuropeptide Y gene expression in diet-induced obese male mice. Endocrinology 2016;157(2): 679-91.
  • Harvie M, Wright C, Pegington M, et al. The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women. British Journal of Nutrition 2013;110(8): 1534-47.
  • Pellegrini M, Cioffi I, Evangelista A, et al. Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2019: 1-17.
  • Barnosky AR, Hoddy KK, Unterman TG, Varady KA. Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: A review of human findings. Translational Research 2014;164(4): 302-11.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hülya Yılmaz Önal This is me 0000-0001-8424-2661

Publication Date December 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - October 2021

Cite

Vancouver Yılmaz Önal H. VÜCUT AĞIRLIĞI YÖNETİMİNDE YENİ DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. ATLJM. 2021;1(2):42-9.