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TÜRKİYE’DE BAŞARILI YAŞLANMA KAPSAMINDA YAŞLI GİRİŞİMCİLER VE YAŞLI MUCİTLER

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 12

Abstract

Günümüzde özellikle sağlık alanındaki gelişmeler sayesinde doğuşta beklenen yaşam süresinde artış görülmektedir. Bu artışa ek olarak dünya genelinde doğum oranlarının düşmesi sonucu yaşlı nüfus genç nüfusa oranla artış göstermektedir. Bu durum giderek yaşlanan toplumların, yaşlanma ile ortaya çıkan fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal problemler ile daha etkili baş etme yöntemleri geliştirmesi gerektiğini işaret etmektedir. Özellikle yaşlı nüfusun genç nüfusa göre artış göstermesi, politika üreticiler tarafından üretken ve çalışan nüfusun azalması ile ilişkilendirilmiş ve bir tedirginliğe sebep olmuştur. Yeni koşullara ayak uydurmak için hem ulusal hem uluslararası boyutta birçok değişiklik yapılmıştır. Örneğin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün kronolojik yaşlanma aralıklarını güncellemesi veya çoğu ülkede emeklilik yaşının daha ileriye çekilmesi bunlardan birkaçıdır. Ne var ki bu güncellemeler yaşlıların özellikle psikolojik anlamda iyilik halinin desteklenmesini doğrudan etkilememektedir. Bu bağlamda karşımıza “başarılı yaşlanma” kavramı çıkmaktadır. Başarılı yaşlanma kavramı; yaşlı bireylerin sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda daha aktif bir yaşlılık geçirerek fiziksel ve psikolojik iyilik halini arttırabilmesini kapsamaktadır. Uluslararası düzeyde özellikle son yıllarda yaşlı bireylerin farklı alanlarda aktif olarak yaşam kalitelerini arttırdıkları ve toplumda üretken hale geldikleri görülmektedir. Bu alanlar içerisinde eğitim, hizmet sektörü, tarım, girişimcilik, akademi, icat/buluş geliştirme ve sağlık gibi çeşitli alanlar bulunmaktadır. Elbette bunun sağlanması için bu bireylerin toplum tarafından dışlanmaması ve özellikle yönetimler tarafından desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda hem uluslararası hem ulusal düzeyde destek projeleri planlanmıştır. Türkiye’de ise desteklenerek aktif kalabilen yaşlı bireyler kıyasla daha azdır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de başarılı yaşlanma kapsamında yaşlı girişimcilerden ve yaşlı mucitlerden örneklere yer verilmiştir. Buna ek olarak psikiyatri hemşirelerinin yaşlı bireyleri bu anlamda nasıl destekleyebileceği açıklanmıştır.

References

  • Júnior JASH, Fernandes ALAF, Medeiros AGAP, Vasconcelos CAC, Amorim LLL, Queiroga MFS, Araújo RCT. Hopelessness in the elderly: A systematic review. MOJ Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;3(4):273–8.
  • Jeste DV, Savla GN, Thompson WK, Vahia IV, Glorioso DK, Martin AVS, et al. Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(2):188–96.
  • Estebsari F, Dastoorpoor M, Khalifehkandi ZR, Nouri A, Mostafaei D, Hosseini M, et al. The concept of successful aging: A review article. Curr Aging Sci. 2020;13(1):4–10.
  • Pocnet C, Popp J, Jopp D. The power of personality in successful ageing: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Eur J Ageing. 2021;18:269–85.
  • Yang C. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, aging workers, older learners, and lifelong learning. Adult Educ Res Conf. 2019.
  • Kauffman Foundation. WHO IS THE ENTREPRENEUR? New entrepreneurs in the United States, 1996–2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.kauffman.org
  • Alparslan AM, Can A. The antecedents of extra-role organizational behaviors: A qualitative research on soldier. İşletme Araştırmaları Derg. 2021;7(1):26–42.
  • Yıldırım Y, Atay E. Yaşlı girişimciliği. İstanbul: Ekin Yayınevi; 2022. p. 181–98.
  • Ratten V. Older entrepreneurship: a literature review and research agenda. J Enterprising Communities. 2019;13(1/2):178–95.
  • OECD. Ageing and employment policies: working better with age. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2019.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2010 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2010 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2020 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2023 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Halvorsen CJ, Chen Y-C. The diversity of interest in later-life entrepreneurship: Results from a nationally representative survey of Americans aged 50 to 70. 2019.
  • Stypińska J, Franke A, Myrczik J. Senior entrepreneurship: The unrevealed driver for social innovation. Front Sociol. 2019;4:30.
  • Toutifar Tehranpour S, Anjomshoa Z, Salajegheh S, Nazari A, Pour Rashidi R. Social entrepreneurship for the elderly: Examining challenges and strategies for improving quality of life. Longevity. 2024;2(2):1–20.
  • Isele E, Rogoff EG. Senior entrepreneurship: The case for older entrepreneurs. Public Policy Aging Rep. 2014;24(4):141–6.
  • Ribeiro MI, Fernandes AIR, Fernandes AP, Fernandes A. Senior entrepreneurship: an emerging phenomenon. J Entrepreneurship Res Pract. 2023.
  • Wassel J. Older entrepreneurs as the new economic frontier. 2010.
  • Lee D, Aula I, Masoodian M. Perspectives on creative well-being of older adults. J Aging Stud. 2023;66:101159.
  • Viviani CA, Bravo G, Lavallière M, Arezes PM, Martínez M, Dianat I, et al. Productivity in older versus younger workers: A systematic literature review. Work. 2021;68(3):577–618.
  • Kaltenberg M, Jaffe AB, Lachman ME. Invention and the life course: Age differences in patenting. Res Policy. 2023;52(1):104629.
  • Reuter-Lorenz PA, Park DC. Cognitive aging and the life course: A new look at the scaffolding theory. Curr Opin Psychol. 2023;101781.
  • Pirhonen J, Lolich L, Tuominen K, Jolanki O, Timonen V. “These devices have not been made for older people's needs” – Older adults' perceptions of digital technologies in Finland and Ireland. Technol Soc. 2020; 62:101287.
  • Malinen S, Johnston L. Workplace ageism: discovering hidden bias. Exp Aging Res. 2013;39(4):445–65.
  • World Health Organization. Mental health of older adults [Internet]. 2024 Nov 30 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int
  • Ernstmeyer K, Christman E, editors. Nursing: Mental health and community concepts [Internet]. Eau Claire (WI): Chippewa Valley Technical College; 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Chapter 17 Vulnerable populations. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590046/
  • Kütmeç Yılmaz C. Yaşlı bireylerde yerinde yaşlanma ile başarılı yaşlanma ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2020;30(3). Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/8833
  • Chacur K, Serrat R, Villar F. Older adults' participation in artistic activities: a scoping review. Eur J Ageing. 2022;19(4):931-944. doi:10.1007/s10433-022-00708-z.
  • Işık A, Tekin N, Kayaoğlu SC. Yetişkin bireylerin başarılı yaşlanma durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Sinop ili örneği. Turk Stud Health Sci. 2021;32(4):1403-1419. doi:10.33417/tsh.911047.
  • Koçak F, Parlakyıldız S, Gürbüz B. Serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılan yaşlı bireylerin başarılı yaşlanmaya ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Sportive. 2024;7(1):52-68. doi:10.53025/sportive.1432252.
  • Biron D, St-Jean É. A scoping study of entrepreneurship among seniors: overview of the literature and avenues for future research. In: Handbook of Research on Elderly Entrepreneurship. 2019. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13334-4_2.
  • Dzingirai M, Ndofirepi TM. Challenges faced in elderly entrepreneurship: evidence from Zimbabwean older entrepreneurs. In: Fostering Long-Term Sustainable Development in Africa. 2024. p.29-48. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61321-0_3.
  • Zhang L, Sorokina N. A study on elderly entrepreneurial intention in the hospitality and tourism industry in China. J Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2022;9(2):335-345. doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2022.vol9.no2.0335.
  • Kaltenberg M, Jaffe AB, Lachman ME. Invention and the life course: Age differences in patenting. Res Policy. 2023;52(1):104629. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104629.
  • Kosgep. "Girişimci Destek Programı". Erişim: 31.12.2024. https://www.kosgeb.gov.tr/site

ELDERLY ENTREPRENEURS AND INVENTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUCCESSFUL AGING IN TURKEY

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 12

Abstract

Advancements in healthcare have significantly increased life expectancy at birth. Combined with declining birth rates worldwide, this has led to a growing elderly population compared to younger generations. This demographic shift underscores the need for societies to develop effective strategies to address physical, psychological, and social challenges associated with aging. The rising proportion of older adults has raised concerns among policymakers about declining productive workforces, prompting various adjustments at national and international levels. Examples include the World Health Organization's updates to chronological aging classifications and raising retirement ages in many countries. However, these changes do not directly enhance the psychological well-being of older individuals. In this context, the concept of "successful aging" emerges, emphasizing social and economic engagement to improve physical and psychological well-being in later life. Globally, older adults have increasingly enhanced their quality of life and societal contributions through active participation in fields such as education, service industries, agriculture, entrepreneurship, academia, innovation, and healthcare. Achieving this requires reducing social exclusion and providing robust support, particularly from governments. Both international and national support initiatives have been implemented, although the number of actively supported older individuals in Turkey remains relatively limited. This study presents examples of elderly entrepreneurs and inventors within the framework of successful aging in Turkey. Additionally, the role of psychiatric nurses in supporting older individuals to achieve successful aging is discussed

References

  • Júnior JASH, Fernandes ALAF, Medeiros AGAP, Vasconcelos CAC, Amorim LLL, Queiroga MFS, Araújo RCT. Hopelessness in the elderly: A systematic review. MOJ Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;3(4):273–8.
  • Jeste DV, Savla GN, Thompson WK, Vahia IV, Glorioso DK, Martin AVS, et al. Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(2):188–96.
  • Estebsari F, Dastoorpoor M, Khalifehkandi ZR, Nouri A, Mostafaei D, Hosseini M, et al. The concept of successful aging: A review article. Curr Aging Sci. 2020;13(1):4–10.
  • Pocnet C, Popp J, Jopp D. The power of personality in successful ageing: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Eur J Ageing. 2021;18:269–85.
  • Yang C. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, aging workers, older learners, and lifelong learning. Adult Educ Res Conf. 2019.
  • Kauffman Foundation. WHO IS THE ENTREPRENEUR? New entrepreneurs in the United States, 1996–2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.kauffman.org
  • Alparslan AM, Can A. The antecedents of extra-role organizational behaviors: A qualitative research on soldier. İşletme Araştırmaları Derg. 2021;7(1):26–42.
  • Yıldırım Y, Atay E. Yaşlı girişimciliği. İstanbul: Ekin Yayınevi; 2022. p. 181–98.
  • Ratten V. Older entrepreneurship: a literature review and research agenda. J Enterprising Communities. 2019;13(1/2):178–95.
  • OECD. Ageing and employment policies: working better with age. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2019.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2010 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2010 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2020 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Türkiye yaşlı profili araştırması 2023 [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Halvorsen CJ, Chen Y-C. The diversity of interest in later-life entrepreneurship: Results from a nationally representative survey of Americans aged 50 to 70. 2019.
  • Stypińska J, Franke A, Myrczik J. Senior entrepreneurship: The unrevealed driver for social innovation. Front Sociol. 2019;4:30.
  • Toutifar Tehranpour S, Anjomshoa Z, Salajegheh S, Nazari A, Pour Rashidi R. Social entrepreneurship for the elderly: Examining challenges and strategies for improving quality of life. Longevity. 2024;2(2):1–20.
  • Isele E, Rogoff EG. Senior entrepreneurship: The case for older entrepreneurs. Public Policy Aging Rep. 2014;24(4):141–6.
  • Ribeiro MI, Fernandes AIR, Fernandes AP, Fernandes A. Senior entrepreneurship: an emerging phenomenon. J Entrepreneurship Res Pract. 2023.
  • Wassel J. Older entrepreneurs as the new economic frontier. 2010.
  • Lee D, Aula I, Masoodian M. Perspectives on creative well-being of older adults. J Aging Stud. 2023;66:101159.
  • Viviani CA, Bravo G, Lavallière M, Arezes PM, Martínez M, Dianat I, et al. Productivity in older versus younger workers: A systematic literature review. Work. 2021;68(3):577–618.
  • Kaltenberg M, Jaffe AB, Lachman ME. Invention and the life course: Age differences in patenting. Res Policy. 2023;52(1):104629.
  • Reuter-Lorenz PA, Park DC. Cognitive aging and the life course: A new look at the scaffolding theory. Curr Opin Psychol. 2023;101781.
  • Pirhonen J, Lolich L, Tuominen K, Jolanki O, Timonen V. “These devices have not been made for older people's needs” – Older adults' perceptions of digital technologies in Finland and Ireland. Technol Soc. 2020; 62:101287.
  • Malinen S, Johnston L. Workplace ageism: discovering hidden bias. Exp Aging Res. 2013;39(4):445–65.
  • World Health Organization. Mental health of older adults [Internet]. 2024 Nov 30 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int
  • Ernstmeyer K, Christman E, editors. Nursing: Mental health and community concepts [Internet]. Eau Claire (WI): Chippewa Valley Technical College; 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 30]. Chapter 17 Vulnerable populations. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590046/
  • Kütmeç Yılmaz C. Yaşlı bireylerde yerinde yaşlanma ile başarılı yaşlanma ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2020;30(3). Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/8833
  • Chacur K, Serrat R, Villar F. Older adults' participation in artistic activities: a scoping review. Eur J Ageing. 2022;19(4):931-944. doi:10.1007/s10433-022-00708-z.
  • Işık A, Tekin N, Kayaoğlu SC. Yetişkin bireylerin başarılı yaşlanma durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Sinop ili örneği. Turk Stud Health Sci. 2021;32(4):1403-1419. doi:10.33417/tsh.911047.
  • Koçak F, Parlakyıldız S, Gürbüz B. Serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılan yaşlı bireylerin başarılı yaşlanmaya ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Sportive. 2024;7(1):52-68. doi:10.53025/sportive.1432252.
  • Biron D, St-Jean É. A scoping study of entrepreneurship among seniors: overview of the literature and avenues for future research. In: Handbook of Research on Elderly Entrepreneurship. 2019. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13334-4_2.
  • Dzingirai M, Ndofirepi TM. Challenges faced in elderly entrepreneurship: evidence from Zimbabwean older entrepreneurs. In: Fostering Long-Term Sustainable Development in Africa. 2024. p.29-48. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61321-0_3.
  • Zhang L, Sorokina N. A study on elderly entrepreneurial intention in the hospitality and tourism industry in China. J Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2022;9(2):335-345. doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2022.vol9.no2.0335.
  • Kaltenberg M, Jaffe AB, Lachman ME. Invention and the life course: Age differences in patenting. Res Policy. 2023;52(1):104629. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104629.
  • Kosgep. "Girişimci Destek Programı". Erişim: 31.12.2024. https://www.kosgeb.gov.tr/site
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geriatrics and Gerontology, Public Health (Other), Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Melis Bozoğlu 0009-0007-8492-6917

Nur Elçin Boyacıoğlu 0000-0001-8138-7347

Early Pub Date January 21, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date December 2, 2024
Acceptance Date January 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 12

Cite

Vancouver Bozoğlu M, Boyacıoğlu NE. TÜRKİYE’DE BAŞARILI YAŞLANMA KAPSAMINDA YAŞLI GİRİŞİMCİLER VE YAŞLI MUCİTLER. ATLJM. 2025;5(12).