PARASPORINS AS A NATURAL ANTI-CANCER PROTEIN

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 103 - 113, 31.08.2017

Müjgan Kesik Oktay , Hatice Güneş

https://doi.org/10.18036/aubtdc.307261

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram positive and spore forming bacterium that shows a wide distribution in the nature.  During the sporulation phase, it produces insecticidal crystal proteins along with spores. These insecticidal proteins are called Cry and Cyt proteins and have an activity when binding to spesific receptor located on the plasma membrane of mid-gut epithelial cells of susceptible insects. This receptor mediated spesific activity makes Bt important in agricultural control of insects. Afterwards, research on non-insecticidal proteins that have a wider distribution in nature than insecticidal ones revealed a new protein class called parasporin. Parasporins are capable of discriminately killing cancer cells while does not show cytotoxic and hemolytic activity against normal cells. So far, six parasporin families have been defined and a total of 19 sub-group is known.  Because  parasporins have a similar spesific-receptor binding effect with insecticidal crystal proteins,  they had led to emergence of a new research field related to cancer treatment.  This study reviewed the discovery of parasporins, their characteristics, varieties and their mechanisms of action on cancer cells.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, parasporin, anti-cancer activity

DOĞAL BİR ANTİ-KANSER PROTEİN OLAN PARASPORİNLER

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis doğada
geniş yayılım gösteren, gram pozitif ve spor oluşturan bir bakteridir.
Sporulasyon evresinde, sporlarla birlikte birçok böcek çeşidine karşı
insektisit etki gösteren kristal proteinleri de üretir. İnsektisidal kristal
proteinler Cry ve Cyt proteinler olup; aktivitelerini duyarlı böceklerin orta
barsak membranlarında bulunan reseptöre bağlanarak gösterirler. Bu reseptör
bağlantılı özgül aktivitelerinden dolayı zirai mücadelede önemlidirler. Daha
sonraları, insektisit olanlara göre doğada daha geniş dağılım gösteren
insektisit olmayan kristal proteinler üzerindeki çalışmalar yeni bir protein
sınıfı olan parasporinleri ortaya çıkarmıştır. Parasporinler ayrıcalıklı olarak
kanser hücrelerine karşı sitotoksik etki gösterirken normal hücrelere etki
etmez ve hemolitik etki göstermez. Şimdiye kadar altı parasporin ailesi
tanımlanmış olup toplamda 19 alt grup bilinmektedir. Parasporinler de
insektisidal kristal proteinlere benzer şekilde reseptör bağlantılı etki
gösterdiğinden kanser tedavisiyle ilgili çalışmalarda yeni bir araştırma
alanının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu derlemede; parasporinlerin keşfi,
özellikleri, çeşitleri ve etki mekanizmaları hakkında yapılmış olan çalışmalar özetle
anlatılmıştır.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, parasporin, anti-kanser aktivite

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