Key Agricultural Products of Anatolia: Representation of Grape in Modern and Fossil Pollen Studies and Its Modern Land Use Status

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the representation of viticulture, one of the most important agricultural activities in Anatolia from past to present, in modern pollen data. Considering contemporary pollen studies conducted in Anatolia between 1968 and 2023, 509 different contemporary pollen sampling points were digitized, creating a total of 642 data sets. Additionally, current data on vineyard areas across Turkey were examined. According to the obtained contemporary pollen data, the grape percentage ranged from 0% to 3.5%, with an average value of 0.16%, indicating a low representation. Approximately 91% of the 642 points had grape percentages below 1%. The low percentage of grape pollen aligns with its representation in fossil pollen studies. Despite the low values of grape percentages, the regional distributions of the data are consistent with current vineyard areas, historical data, and fossil pollen results. Thus, despite the low pollen percentage, this study provides a significant resource for understanding the regional distributions and historical continuity of grape cultivation.

Keywords

• Grape Cultivation
• Viticulture
• Anatolian Agricultural History
• Modern Pollen
• Wine

Anadolu'nun Temel Tarımsal Ürünleri: Üzümün Güncel ve Fosil Polen Çalışmalarındaki Temsili ve Mevcut Arazi Kullanım Durumu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, geçmişten günümüze Anadolu'nun en önemli tarımsal faaliyetlerinden biri olan bağcılığın, güncel polen sonuçlarındaki temsiliyetini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 1968-2023 yılları arasında Anadolu'da gerçekleştirilen güncel polen çalışmaları göz önüne alınarak, 509 farklı güncel polen örnekleme noktası sayısallaştırılmış ve toplamda 642 farklı veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, Anadolu genelindeki bağ alanlarına ilişkin güncel veriler de incelenmiştir. Güncel polen verilerinden elde edilen verilere göre, üzüm oranı % 0-3,5 arasında değişirken, ortalama % 0,16 gibi düşük bir değere sahip olmuştur. 642 noktanın yaklaşık % 91'inde üzüm yüzdesi % 1'den düşüktür. Üzümün düşük polen yüzdesel değerleri, fosil polen çalışmalarındaki temsiliyetiyle de uyumludur. Üzüm yüzdesinin düşük değerlerine rağmen, verilerin bölgesel dağılımları, güncel bağ alanları ve tarihsel verilerle uyumlu olup, fosil polen sonuçlarıyla da tutarlıdır. Sonuç olarak, düşük polen yüzdesine rağmen, bu çalışmada, üzüm tarımının bölgesel dağılımlarını ve tarihsel sürekliliğini anlamada önemli bir kaynak sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Üzüm Tarımı
• Bağcılık
• Şarap
• Anadolu tarım tarihi
• Güncel polen

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