Siber Mekânın Siyasi Coğrafyası: Şifreleme, Gözetim ve Küresel Güç İlişkileri

Abstract

Dijital çağ, siyasi coğrafyanın sınırlarını kökten dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışma, siber mekânın klasik devlet-merkezli düzeni nasıl aşındırdığını ve yeniden kurduğunu üç boyut üzerinden incelemektedir: şifreleme, gözetim ve yeni aktörler. Şifreleme teknolojileri bireylere ulusal sınırların ötesinde ifade ve örgütlenme özgürlüğü tanırken, aynı zamanda suç ve terör ağlarına da alan açmaktadır. Dijital panoptikon çerçevesinde ele alınan gözetim teknolojileri, devletlerin egemenlik kapasitesini toprak sınırlarının ötesine taşıyarak mahremiyet, güvenlik ve kamusal alanı yeniden tanımlamaktadır. WikiLeaks, Anonymous ve Snowden örnekleri ise bireylerin ve ağ tabanlı kolektiflerin uluslararası siyasette yeni güç biçimleri ürettiğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, siber mekânın özgürleşme ile denetim, birey ile devlet, sınır ile ağ arasındaki gerilimde şekillenen çok aktörlü ve veri temelli bir siyasi coğrafya yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Siber mekân
• Siyasi coğrafya
• Şifreleme
• Gözetim
• Yeni aktörler

The Political Geography of Cyberspace: Encryption, Surveillance, and Global Power Relations

Abstract

The digital age is fundamentally transforming the boundaries of political geography. This study examines how cyberspace erodes and reconfigures the classical state-centered order through three dimensions: encryption, surveillance, and new actors. While encryption technologies grant individuals freedom of expression and organization beyond national borders, they also provide a space for criminal and terrorist networks. Surveillance technologies, examined within the framework of the digital panopticon, extend the sovereignty of states beyond territorial borders, redefining privacy, security, and the public sphere. Examples such as WikiLeaks, Anonymous, and Snowden demonstrate that individuals and network-based collectives are producing new forms of power in international politics. The findings reveal that cyberspace creates a multi-actor, data-driven political geography shaped by tensions between liberation and control, the individual and the state, and borders and networks.

Keywords

• Cyberspace
• Political geography
• Encryption
• Surveillance
• New actors

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