Şehir İçi İkametgâh Hareketliliğine Kuramsal Bir Bakış

Abstract

‘Beşeri sermaye yaklaşımı’ göç ya da ikametgâh hareketliliğini, rasyonel karar vermenin ve faydayı en üst düzeye çıkarma sürecinin bir sonucu olarak görmektedir. Neo-klasik ekonomik bir çerçeve içinde ikametgâh hareketliliği, genellikle emek hareketi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Rossi, ikametgâh hareketliliğinin ailenin yaşam döngüsü değişiklerine eşlik eden ve aile bileşimi değişiklikleri nedeniyle ortaya çıkan konut ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere gerçekleştirdiği düzenleme süreci olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Göç ve hareketlilik araştırmalarında davranışsal yaklaşıma ilgi, Wolpert’in göç kararında ‘yer yararlılığı’ terimiyle kavramsallaştırdığı teorik bir yazısından sonra artmıştır. Bu terim Wolpert tarafından, bir yerin başka yerlere göre çekicilik veya iticiliklerinin bireysel değerlendirmesi şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Sosyoloji ve planlama içinde geliştirilen bir başka teorik çerçeve, hareketliliği ev veya bulunduğu semtin özelliklerinden doğan memnuniyetsizliğin bir sonucu olarak görmektedir. Memnuniyetsizlik yaklaşımı literatürü, halen oturulan ikametgâh çevresinin, hane halkının ürettiği baskı veya memnuniyetsizlikle etkileşim halinde olduğu ve bu memnuniyetsizliğin bazı eşiklere ulaştığında hane halkının, ikametgâh hareketine yol açabilecek bir arama sürecine başladığı üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu makale, göç, ikametgâh hareketliliği ve yeniden yerleşme hakkındaki literatürü gözden geçirmekte ve ikametgâh hareketliliği sürecini anlamak üzere bağlamsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır

Keywords

• Şehir içi hareketlilik, ikametgâh hareketliliği, yeniden yerleşme, ikametgâh memnuniyeti, davranışsal yaklaşımlar

A contextual view to the intra-urban residential mobility

Abstract

‘Human capital approach’, considers migration or residential mobility as the result of rational decision making and utility maximisation process. Within a neo-classical economic framework, mobility is described principally as labour movement. Rossi suggested that residential mobility is a process by which families adjust their housing to the housing needs that are generated by the shifts in family composition that accompany life cycle changes. In migration and mobility researches, the interest in the behavioural approach derives largely from a theorical paper by Wolpert, in which the decision to migrate was conceptualized in term of ‘place utility’. As defined by Wolpert, the term refers to an individual’s personal evaluation of the attractiveness or unattractiveness of a location relative to other locations. Another framework that developed in sociology and planning views mobility as an outcome of dissatisfaction with characteristics of the house or neighbourhood. In the literature on dissatisfaction approaches, the current residential environment interacts with the household to produce stress or dissatisfaction and when this dissatisfaction reaches some threshold the household then begins a search process that may lead to a residential move. This paper examines literature about migration, residential mobility, and relocation and presents a contextual framework for understanding the process of residential mobility

Keywords

• Intra-urban mobility, residential mobility, relocation, residential satisfaction, behavioural approaches

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