Şehir İçi İkametgâh Hareketliliğine Kuramsal Bir Bakış

Year 2009, , 39 - 50, 01.04.2009

E. Murat Özgür Üzeyir Yasak

https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000093

Cited By: 3

Abstract

‘Beşeri sermaye yaklaşımı’ göç ya da ikametgâh hareketliliğini, rasyonel karar vermenin ve faydayı en üst düzeye çıkarma sürecinin bir sonucu olarak görmektedir. Neo-klasik ekonomik bir çerçeve içinde ikametgâh hareketliliği, genellikle emek hareketi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Rossi, ikametgâh hareketliliğinin ailenin yaşam döngüsü değişiklerine eşlik eden ve aile bileşimi değişiklikleri nedeniyle ortaya çıkan konut ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere gerçekleştirdiği düzenleme süreci olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Göç ve hareketlilik araştırmalarında davranışsal yaklaşıma ilgi, Wolpert’in göç kararında ‘yer yararlılığı’ terimiyle kavramsallaştırdığı teorik bir yazısından sonra artmıştır. Bu terim Wolpert tarafından, bir yerin başka yerlere göre çekicilik veya iticiliklerinin bireysel değerlendirmesi şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Sosyoloji ve planlama içinde geliştirilen bir başka teorik çerçeve, hareketliliği ev veya bulunduğu semtin özelliklerinden doğan memnuniyetsizliğin bir sonucu olarak görmektedir. Memnuniyetsizlik yaklaşımı literatürü, halen oturulan ikametgâh çevresinin, hane halkının ürettiği baskı veya memnuniyetsizlikle etkileşim halinde olduğu ve bu memnuniyetsizliğin bazı eşiklere ulaştığında hane halkının, ikametgâh hareketine yol açabilecek bir arama sürecine başladığı üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu makale, göç, ikametgâh hareketliliği ve yeniden yerleşme hakkındaki literatürü gözden geçirmekte ve ikametgâh hareketliliği sürecini anlamak üzere bağlamsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır

Keywords

Şehir içi hareketlilik, ikametgâh hareketliliği, yeniden yerleşme, ikametgâh memnuniyeti, davranışsal yaklaşımlar

A contextual view to the intra-urban residential mobility

Abstract

‘Human capital approach’, considers migration or residential mobility as the result of rational decision making and utility maximisation process. Within a neo-classical economic framework, mobility is described principally as labour movement. Rossi suggested that residential mobility is a process by which families adjust their housing to the housing needs that are generated by the shifts in family composition that accompany life cycle changes. In migration and mobility researches, the interest in the behavioural approach derives largely from a theorical paper by Wolpert, in which the decision to migrate was conceptualized in term of ‘place utility’. As defined by Wolpert, the term refers to an individual’s personal evaluation of the attractiveness or unattractiveness of a location relative to other locations. Another framework that developed in sociology and planning views mobility as an outcome of dissatisfaction with characteristics of the house or neighbourhood. In the literature on dissatisfaction approaches, the current residential environment interacts with the household to produce stress or dissatisfaction and when this dissatisfaction reaches some threshold the household then begins a search process that may lead to a residential move. This paper examines literature about migration, residential mobility, and relocation and presents a contextual framework for understanding the process of residential mobility

Keywords

Intra-urban mobility, residential mobility, relocation, residential satisfaction, behavioural approaches

References

• Baker, E. (2003) Public Housing Tenant Relocation: Residental Mobility, Satisfaction, and the Development of a Tenant’s Spatial Decision Support System, Ph.Doc.Thesis, The Adelaide University Departement of Geographical and Environmental Studies, Adelaide, Australia.
• Brown,L.A..; Holmes, J. (1971) “Intraurban migrant lifelines: A spatial view”, Demography, 8, (1), 103-122.
• Brown,L.A.; Moore, E.G. (1970) “The Intra-urban migration process: a perspective”, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 52, (1), 1-13.
• Bruch E.E.; Mare, R.D. (2006) “Neighborhood choice and neighborhood change”, American Journal of Sociology, 112, (3), 667-709.
• Clark, W.A.V. (1982) “Recent research on migration and mobility: A review and interpretation”, Progress in Planning, 18, 1-56.
• Clark, W.A.V., Deurloo, M.C., Dieleman, F.M. (1984) “Housing Consumption and Residential Mobility”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74, (1), 29-43.
• Clark, W.A.V., Deurloo, M.C., Dieleman, F.M. (2006) “Residential mobility and neighbourhood outcomes”, Housing Studies, 21,(3), 323-342.
• Clark, W.A.V.; Dieleman, F.M. (1996) “Households and housing: Choice and outcomes” In the Housing Market, Center for Urban Policy Research, New Brunswick, N.J.
• Clark, W.A.V.; Onaka, J.L. (1983) “Life cycle and housing adjustment as explanations of residential mobility”, Urban Studies, 20, 47-57.
• Clark, W.A.V.; Van Lierop, W.F.J.(1986) “Residential mobility and household location modelling”, In Nijkamp, P.(ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Free University, Amsterdam.
• Clark, W.A.V.; Withers, S.D. (2007) “Family migration and mobility sequences in the United States: Spatial mobility in the context of the life course” Demographic Research, 17, 591-622.
• Cooke, T.J.; Bailey, A.J. (1996) “Family migration and the employment of married women and men”, Economic Geography, 72, (1), 38-48.
• Çubukçu, E.; Girginer-Akdeniz, S. (2006) “Toplu konut ve kent merkezi konut yerleşimlerinde kullanıcı memnuniyeti”, Ege Mimarlık Dergisi, 2006/2, 57, 18-21.
• Daniell, J.; Struyk, R. (1997) “The evolving housing market in Moscow: indicators of housing reform”, Urban Studies, 34, 235-254.
• De Jong, G.F.(1994) Choice Processes in Migration Intentions and Behaviour, International Summer School, the Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography, Wasenaar, The Netherlands.
• Demir, E. (1997) “Banliyöleşme ve Kent İçi Göç: Ankara’nın İki Toplu konut Banliyösünün Karşılaştırılması”, Toplum ve Göç içinde, II. Ulusal Sosyoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 20-22 Kasım 1996, Sosyoloji Derneği Yay. No. 5, Ankara, 163- 177.
• Dökmeci, V.; Berköz, L. (2000) “Residential-location preferences according to demographic characteristics in Istanbul”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 48, 45-55.
• Dökmeci, V.; Berköz, L.; Levent, H.; Yürekli, H.; Çağdaş, G. (1996) “Residential preferences in Istanbul”, Habitat International, 20, (2), 241-251.
• Dündar, Ö. (2002) “Patterns of inner-city migration in Ankara”, In C.A. Brebbia, J.F. Martin-Duque, L.C. Wadhwa (Eds.), The Sustainable City II, The Regeneration and Sustainability, Southampton, Boston: WIT Press, 207-216.
• Earhart, C.C.; Weber, M.J. (1996) “Attachment to home: A contributing factor to models of residential mobility intentions”, Familiy and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 24, (4), 422-437.
• Eluru, N.; Şener, İ.N.; Bhat, C.R.; Pendyala, R.M.; Axhausen, K.W. (2008) “Understanding residential mobility: A joint model of the reason for residential relocation and stay duration”, 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board Submitted for Presentation and Publication Consideration, 1 August 2008.
• Faist, T. (2003) Uluslararası Göç ve Ulusaşırı Toplumsal Alanlar, Çev. A.Z. Gündoğan ve C. Nacar, Bağlam Yayınları, 208, İstanbul.
• Feijten, P.; Hooimeijer, P.; Mulder, C.H. (2008) “Residential experience and residential environment choice over the life- course”, Urban Studies, 45, (1), 141-162.
• Feijten, P.; Van Ham, M. (2007) “Residential mobility and migration of the divorced and separated”, Demographic Research, 17, 623-654.
• Freeman, L.C.; Sunshine, M.H. (1976) “Race and intra-urban migration”, Demography 13, (4), 571-575.
• Golledge, R.G.; Stimson, R.J.(1997) Spatial Behaviour: A Geographic Perspective, Guilford Press, New York.
• Hanushek, E.A.; Quigley, J.M. (1978) “An explicit model of intra-metropolitan mobility”, Land Economics, 54, (4), 411-429.
• Heeman, B.; Johnsen, S.; James, H.(1998) Intra-urban Migration, Caversham Working Paper, 1998-1
• Huang, Y.; Clark, W.A.V.(2002) "Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China: A Multilevel Analysis", Urban Studies, 39, (1), 7-32.
• Huang, Y.; Deng, F. (2006) “Residential mobility in Chinese cities: A longitudinal analysis”, Housing Studies, 21, (5), 625- 652.
• Ineichen, B. (1981) “The housing decisions of young people”, The British Journal of Sociology, 32, (2), 252-258.
• Kendig, H.L. (1984) “Housing careers, life cycle and residential mobility: Implications for the housing market”, Urban Studies, 21, 271-283.
• Kocatürk, F.; Bölen, F. (2005) “Kayseri’de konut alanı yer seçimi ve hanehalkı hareketliliği”, İTÜ Dergisi Seri A, 4, (2), 17- 24.
• Kulu, H.; Milewski, N. (2007) “Family change and migration in the life course: An introduction”, Demographic Research, 17, 567-590.
• Lee, E.S. (1966) “A theory of migration”, Demography, 3, 47-57.
• Lee,B.A.; Oropesa, R.S.; Kanan, J.W. (1994) “Neighborhood context and residential mobility”, Demography 31, 2, 249-270.
• Lee, S.W.; Roseman, C.C. (1999) “Migration determinants and employment consequences of white and black families, 1985- 1990”, Economic Geography, 75, (2), 109-113.
• Mandic, S. (2001) “Residential mobility versus ‘in-place’ adjustements in Slovenia: Viewpoint from a society ‘in transition”, Housing Studies, 16, (1), 53-73.
• Marın, M.C.; Altıntaş, H. (2004) “Konut yer seçimi-ulaşım etkileşim teorileri: Kritik bir literatür incelemesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, (1), 73-88.
• McAuley, W.J.; Nutty, C.L. (1982) “Residential preferences and moving behavior: A family life-cycle analysis”, Journal of Marrage and the Family, 44, (2), 301-309.
• McCraken, K.W.J.(1973) Patterns of Intra-Urban Migration in Edmonton and Residential Relocation Process, Ph.Doc.Thesis, The University of Alberta, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Studies and Research, Edmonton, Alberta.
• Michelson, W. (1977) Environmental Choice Human Behavior and Residential Satisfaction, Oxford University Press, New York.
• Mulder, C.H.; Wagner, M. (1993) “Migration and marriage in the life course: a method for studying synchronized events” European Journal of Population, 9, (1), 55-76.
• Nijkamp, P. (2005) “Advences in Regional and Urban Economics”, İçinde Değişen-Dönüşen Kent ve Bölge, 28. Şehircilik Kolokyumu Cilt I, 25-62.
• Odland, J.; Shumway, M. (1993) “Interdependencies in the timing of migration and mobility events”, Journal of the Regional Science Association,72, 221-237.
• Özcan-Kocatürk, F. (2006) “Konut alanı yer seçimi ve hanehalkı hareketliliğine yönelik kuramsal bir inceleme”, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, (2), 73-95.
• Pickvance, C.G. (1974) “Life cycle, housing tenure and residential mobility: A path analytic approach”, Urban Studies,11, 171-188.
• Peters, G.L.; Larkin, R.P. (2005) Population Geogarphy, Problems, Concepts, and Prospects, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, USA.
• Porell, F.W. (1982) Models of Intraurban Residential Relocation, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, Boston.
• Pritchard, R.M. (1976) Housing and The Spatial Structure of The City, Cambridge University Press, London.
• Ritsila, J.; Ovaskainen, M. (2001) “Migration and regional centralisation of human capital”, Applied Economics, 33, (3), 317- 325.
• Roseman, C.C. (1971) “Migration as a spatial and temporal process”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61, (3), 589-598.
• Rossi, P.H.(1955) Why Families Move, A study in the social psychology of urban residential mobility, Free Press, Glencoe III.
• Sabagh,G.; Van Arsdol, M.D.; Butler, E.W. (1969) “Some deteriminants of intrametropolitan residential mobility: Conceptual considerations”, Social Forces, 48, (1), 88-98.
• Simmons, J.W. (1968) “Changing residence in the city: A review of intraurban mobility”, Geographical Review, 58, (4), 622- 651.
• Speare, A. Jr. (1974) “Residential satisfaction as an intervening variable in residential mobility”, Demography, 11, (2), 173- 188.
• South,S.J.; Crowder, K.D. (1997) “Residential mobility between cities and suburbs: Race, suburbanization, and back-to-the- city moves”, Demography, 34, (4), 525-538.
• Szelenyi, I. (1987) “Housing inequality and housing segregation in state socialist countries,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 11, 1-8.
• Tekeli, İ. (2006) “Yerleşme Yapıları ve Göç Araştırmaları”, İçinde (Derleyen) Eraydın, A., Değişen Mekân, , Dost Kitabevi Yayınları,Ankara, 68-83.
• Tekeli, İ. (2008) Göç ve Ötesi, İlhan Tekeli Toplu Eserleri-3, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Weeks, J.R. (2002) Population, An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, 8th Edition, Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont, USA.
• Wolpert, J. (1965) “Behavioral aspects in the decision to migrate” Papers of the Regional Science Association 15, 159-169.
• Yirmibeşoğlu, F. (1997) İstanbul’da iskân alanlarının yerseçiminde hanehalkı nitelikleri ve konut talebi, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanb