Socio-spatiality of global migration: Transnational spaces / translocal places, communities and identities

Abstract

While researchers used to consider migration as the process of leaving the countries and adaptation into a new society/culture by the individuals for certain generations, migrants were seen as people who left their homelands and encountered a tough process during the incorporation into a different society/culture. However, migration has been described as the mobility with a broader scope that associates both immigrant-sending countries and immigrant receiving countries and the migrants with people, institutions and processes in these two national areas in recent studies. Therefore new concepts such as transnationalism, transnational migration, transnational spaces, which question former conceptualizations of migration have been suggested by the researchers. The concepts of translocality and translocalism, which are used for strengthening this perspective and expanding it with new understandings have become the center of interest recently. This article aims to address transnational and translocal communities, identities, spaces/places that have created new social geographies within the context of transnationalism by combining some studies from sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology and human geography. The transnational as well as translocal and placial lenses from which it has expanded offer us the opportunity to evaluate migration as multiple places that go beyond places which send and receive by also considering immigrants together with non-immigrants and those migrating to other places. New perspectives to migration also make it possible to re-think about identity, belonging and democracy issues; to monitor historical continuity of processes and make methodological changes as well as to develop new methods. Researches show that transnational/translocal practices may support adaptation of immigrants and development of the region of origin. In this context, this article emphasizes that it is necessary to conduct new researches in order to discover current and possible connections between transnationalism/translocalism and integration, migration and development.

Keywords

• Global migration,transnationalism,transnational spaces,translocality,identity,migrationdevelopment relationship

Küresel Göçün Sosyo-Mekânsallığı: Ulusötesi Mekânlar / Yerelötesi Yerler, Topluluklar ve Kimlikler

Abstract

Geçmişte araştırmacılar göçü, belirli nesiller için bireylerin memleketlerini terk etme ve yeni bir topluma/kültüre uyum sağlama süreci olarak ele alırken; göçmenleri, anavatanlarını geride bırakan ve başka bir topluma/kültüre sancılı bir katılım süreciyle karşı karşıya kalan kişiler olarak görmüştür. Ancak yakın zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalarda göç, hem göç-veren ve göç-alan ülkeleri, hem de göçmenlerin kendilerini, bu iki ulusal alandaki kişiler, kurumlar ve süreçler ile ilişkili hale getiren daha geniş kapsamlı bir hareketlilik olarak betimlenmektedir. Bu yüzden araştırmacılar tarafından eski göç kavramsallaştırmalarını sorgulayan ulusötesicilik, ulusötesi göç, ulusötesi mekânlar gibi yeni kavramlar önerilmiştir. Son yıllarda sözü edilen bakış açısını güçlendirmek ve yeni anlayışlarla genişletmek için kullanılan yerelötesilik veya yerelötesicilik kavramları da ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu yazı sosyoloji, antropoloji, siyaset bilimi, psikoloji ve beşeri coğrafyadan bazı çalışmaları birleştirerek ulusötesicilik bağlamında yeni sosyal coğrafyalar yaratan ulusötesi ve yerelötesi toplulukları, kimlikleri ve mekânları/yerleri ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Ulusötesi ve onun genişletildiği yerelötesi ve yersel mercekler bize göçü, göçmenlerle birlikte göçmen olmayanları ve başka yerlere göç edenleri de hesaba katarak gönderen ve kabul eden yerler ötesinde çoklu yerler olarak değerlendirme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Göçle ilgili yeni bakış açıları, aynı zamanda kimlik, aidiyet ve demokrasi meselelerini yeniden düşünmeyi; süreçlerin tarihsel sürekliliğini izlemeyi ve metodolojik değişiklik yapmayı, yeni yöntemler geliştirmeyi de sağlamaktadır. Araştırmalar, ulusötesi/yerelötesi pratiklerin göçmenlerin gittikleri yere adaptasyonunu ve aynı zamanda köken bölgenin gelişimini destekleyebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda makale, ulusötesicilik/yerelötesilik ile bütünleşme ve göç ile kalkınma arasındaki mevcut ve olası bağlantıları keşfetmek için yeni araştırmalar yapılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. 

Keywords

• Küresel göç,ulusötesicilik,ulusötesi mekânlar,yerelötesilik,kimlik,göç-gelişme ilişkisi

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