A Comparative Analysis of Adolescent Fertility in Morocco, Egypt and Turkey

Year 2012, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 111 - 128, 01.08.2012

Sutay Yavuz

https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000133

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The present study aims to gain insights into trends and determinant factors of adolescent fertility in Morocco, Egypt and Turkey. The study uses Demographic and Health Surveys data to estimate the timing and determinants of first births among adolescent women after controlling for the effects of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Early marriage, low educational attainment of women, poor welfare status and high spousal age difference constitute the major factors facilitating adolescent childbearing. The findings suggest that policies and programs toward decreasing fertility during adolescence in these countries should also be directed to promote female education beyond the primary level. Also all types of reproductive assistance programs should have a husband dimension

Keywords

Adolescent, Fertility, Morocco, Egypt , Turkey

References

• Azelmat, M., M. Ayad, and E.A. Housni. (1993) Enquête Nationale sur la Population et la Santé Familiale (ENPS-II) 1992.
• Ministère de la Santé Publique (Maroc), Macro International Inc. and Ligue des États Arabes. Bordat, S.W. and S. Kouzzi. (2004) The Challenge of Implementing Morocco’s New Personal Status Law. Carnegie
• Endowment for International Peace's Arab Reform Bulletin 2(8): September 20, 2004.
• Büchler, C. (2006) On the Structural Value of Children and Its Implication on Intended Fertility in Bulgaria. MPIDR Working Papers WP 2005-003.
• Bittles A. (2001) Consanguinity and Its Relevance to Clinical Genetics. Clinical Genetics 60: 89-98.
• Blossfeld, H.P. and G. Rohwer. (2002) Techniques of Event History Modeling: New Approaches to Causal Analysis (second edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: London.
• Cesare, M. and R. Vignoli. (2006) Micro Analysis of Adolescent Fertility Determinants: The Case of Brazil and Colombia.
• Papeles de Poblacion 12(48): 93-121. Courbage, Y. (1999) New Demographic Scenarios in the Mediterranean Region. Chaier 142, Ined/Puf. VI-200 p. (Travaux et documents).
• D’Addato, A.V., D. Vignoli, and S. Yavuz. (2008) Towards Smaller Family Size in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey: Overall
• Change Over Time or Socio-economic Compositional Effect? Population Review 47(1): 21-40. D’Addato, A.V. (2006) Progression to Third Birth in Morocco in the Context of Fertility Transition. Demographic Research (19): 517-536.
• Eltigani, E.E. (2000) Changes in Family-Building Patterns in Egypt and Morocco: A Comparative Analysis. International
• Family Planning Perspectives 26(2): 73-78. Eltigani, E.E. (2003) Stalled Fertility Decline in Egypt, Why? Population and Environment 25(1): 41-59.
• EI-Zanaty, F.H., H.A.A. Sayed, H.H.M. Zaky, and A.A. Way. (1994) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1992. National
• Population Council: Cairo, Egypt. El-Zanaty, F.H. and A.A. Way. (2006) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2005. Ministry of Health and Population,
• National Population Council, El-Zanaty and Associates, and ORC Macro: Cairo, Egypt. Gupta, N. and I.C. Leite. (1999) Adolescent Fertility Behavior: Trends and Determinants in Northeastern Brazil.
• International Family Planning Perspectives 25(3): 125-130. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies [HUIPS]. (2005) Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2003.
• Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, State Planning Organization and European Union: Ankara, Turkey. Ilkkaracan, P. and A. Berktay. (2002) Women in Turkey Finally Gain Full Equality in the Family: The New Civil Code in
• Turkey. The Middle East Women’s Studies Review 22(March). Kocaman, T. (2008) Türkiye’de İç Göçler ve Göç Edenlerin Nitelikleri (1965-2000). T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama
• Teşkilatı, Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü: Ankara, Türkiye. Koç, İ. and T. Ünalan. (2001) Adolescent Reproductive Behaviour in Turkey. The Turkish Journal of Population Studies 22: 55.
• Koç, İ. (2008) Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Consanguineous Marriages in Turkey. J.biosoc.Sci 40: 137–
• Kulu, Ş. (2009) Average Marriage Age on the Rise, But Early Marriages Still Persist in Turkey. Sunday’s Zaman
• (http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/detaylar.do?load=detay&link =167644) February 22.
• Khan, S. and V. Mishra. (2008) Youth Reproductive and Sexual Health. DHS Comparative Reports No. 19. Macro
• International Inc.: Calverton, Maryland, USA. Kravdal, O. (2000) A Search for Aggregate-Level Effects Education on Fertility, Using Data from Zimbabwe. Demographic Research 3(3).
• Martin, C. T and F. Juarez. (1995) The Impact on Women’s Education on Fertility in Latin America: Searching for
• Explanations. International Family Planning Perspectives 21(2): 52-80. Ministry of Health [Turkey], Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, and Macro International Inc. (1994)
• Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 1993. Ankara, Turkey.
• Ministère de la Santé [Maroc], ORC Macro, et Ligue des États Arabes. (2005) Enquête sur la Population et la Santé
• Familiale (EPSF) 2003-2004. Ministère de la Santé et ORC Macro: Calverton, Maryland, USA.
• Nahar, Q. and H. Min, (2008) Trends and Determinants of Adolescent Childbearing in Bangladesh. DHS Working Papers No. 48.
• Population Council. (2001a) Facts about Adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey -Statistical Tables for
• Program Planning: Egypt 1995. New York.
• Population Council. (2001b) Facts about Adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey -Statistical Tables for
• Program Planning: Morocco 1992. New York.
• Population Council. (2002) Facts about Adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey -Statistical Tables for
• Program Planning: Turkey 1993. New York.
• Population Council. (2009a) The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable
• Young People: Egypt 2005. New York.
• Population Council. (2009b) The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable
• Young People: Morocco 2003/04. New York.
• Population Council. (2009c) The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable
• Young People: Turkey 2003. New York.
• Rahsad, H., M. Osman, and F. Rouidi-Fahimi. (2005) Marriage in the Arab World. Population Reference Bureau: Washington D.C.
• Rodriguez, G. and J. Cleland. (1981) The Effects of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Fertility in 20 Countries. International
• Family Planning Perspectives 7(3): 93-101. Rutstein, S.O. and G. Rojas. (2006) Guide to DHS Statistics. Demographic and Health Surveys, ORC MACRO: Calverton, Maryland.
• Samaan, M. (2008) Shoura Council Passes Child Law Criminalizes FGM. Daily News English, May 12.
• Sorensen, J. (1999) STPIECE: Stata module to estimate piecewise-constant hazard rate models. http://fmwww.bc.edu/repec/bocode/s/stpiece.hlp.
• United Nations [UN]. (1996) World Programme of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond. General Assembly resolution A/RES/50/81, 13 March.
• United Nations [UN]. (2004) World Youth Report 2003: The Global Situation of Young People. Department of Economic and Social Affairs: New York.
• United Nations [UN]. (2005) World Youth Report 2005: Young People Today and in 2015. Department of Economic and Social Affairs: New York.
• United Nations [UN]. (2007) World Youth Report 2007, Young People’s Transition to Adulthood: Progress and Challenges.
• Department of Economic and Social Affairs: New York. United Nations [UN]. (2009) World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Population Division of the Department of
• Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (http://esa.un.org/unpp) December 09, 2009.
• United Nations [UN]. (2010) World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007
• Revision. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (http://esa.un.org/unup) January 08, 2010.
• United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (1998) Human Development Report 1998. Oxford University Press: New York.
• United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (2006) Regional Bureau for Arab States (RBAS), Arab Youth Strategizing for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Al Talaie Printing House: New York.
• United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (2007) Human Development Report 2007/2008, Fighting Climate
• Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World. Palgrave Macmillan: New York. United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (2009) Human Development Report 2009, Overcoming Barriers: Human
• Mobility and Development. Palgrave Macmillan: New York. Vignoli, D. (2006) Fertility Change in Egypt: From Second to Third Birth. Demographic Research 15(18): 499-516.
• Yavuz, S. (2006) Completing the Fertility Transition: Third Birth Developments by Language Groups in Turkey.
• Demographic Research 15(15): 435-460. APPENDIX Table A1. Comparison of selected socioeconomic development indicators and demographic indicators of Morocco, Egypt, and Turkey, 1995 - 2007 Annual average growth rate (%) 2000 2005 2007 2007 Morocco
• Human Development Index Value (HDI) Gender Related Development Index (GDI) Adult Literacy Rate: Female (% age 15 and above) Adult Literacy Rate: Male (% age 15 and above) GDP per Capita, PPP (constant 2007 international $)
• Urban Population (%) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (births per woman) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Egypt Human Development Index Value (HDI) Gender Related Development Index (GDI) Adult Literacy Rate: Female (% age 15 and above) Adult Literacy Rate: Male (% age 15 and above) GDP per Capita, PPP (constant 2007 international $)
• Urban Population (%) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (births per woman) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Sources: UNDP, 1998, 2007, 2009 and United Nations, 2009 and 2010 806 79 87 788 40 76.50 79.60 30 70 93.50 95.30 20 ,100 10,161 11,877 ,955 10 64.70 67.30 90 2.57 2.23 13 60 40.40 31.40 50