BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Aquatic Life

Yıl 2011, , 73 - 88, 01.05.2011

Gül Çelik Çakıroğulları Selçuk Seçer

https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000046
Cited By: 2

Öz

In water, PCBs are adsorbed on sediments and other organic matter; experimental and monitoring data have shown that PCB concentrations in sediment and suspended matter are higher than those in associated water columns. Strong adsorption on sediment, especially in the case of the higher chlorinated PCBs, decreases the rate of volatilization. Although adsorption can immobilize PCBs for relatively long periods in the aquatic environment, desorption into the water column has been shown to occur by both abiotic and biotic routes. The substantial quantities of PCBs in aquatic sediments can therefore act as both an environmental sink and a reservoir of PCBs for organisms. Most of the environmental load of PCBs has been estimated to be in the aquatic sediment. Experimentally determined bioconcentration factors of various PCBs in aquatic species ranging from 200 up to 70000 or more. In the open ocean, there is bioaccumulation of PCBs in higher trophic levels with an increased proportion of higher chlorinated biphenyls in higher ranking predators

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polychlorinated biphenyls Sediment Water Fish Aquatic life

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous 1986. PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs Prevention and Control of Accidental and Environmental Exposures. Environmental Health. 227 p. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen.
  • Anonymous 1987. PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs: prevention and control of accidental and environmental exposures, Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (Environmental Health Series 23).
  • Anonymous 1992. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCTs) Health and Safety Guide No: 68. IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. 52 p. World Health Organization, GENEVA.
  • Anonymous 1993. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls (Second Edition). Environmental Health Criteria 140. IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. 683 p. World Health Organization, GENEVA.
  • Anonymous 1999. Codex Alimentarius Comission. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. World Health Organization. CX/FAC 00/26. Agenda Item 17 (d). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants. 12 p.
  • Anonymous 2001. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels. 593 final. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. Community Strategy for dioxins, furans and PCBs. 31 p.
  • Anonymous 2004. European Commission, Brussels. Dioxins and PCBs: Environmental levels and human exposure in candidate countries. Reference: ENV.C.2./SER/2002/0085. Final report. ELICC. Consortium: Environmental levels in candidate countries under supervision of Gunther Umlauf (JRC). BIPRO (Beratungsgesellschaft für integrierte problemlösungen). 333p.
  • Bakan, G. ve Ariman, S. 2004. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments along the coast of mid-Black Sea region of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48; 1031-1039.
  • Baxter, R. A., Gilbert, P. E., Lidgett, R. A., Mainprize, J. H. ve Vodden, H. A. 1975. The degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by micoorganisms. Sci. Total Environment, 4; 53-61.
  • Bayarri, S., Baldassarri, L. T., Iacovella, N., Ferrara, F. ve Di Domenico, A. 2001. PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDE in edible marine species from the Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere, 43; 601-610.
  • Beurskens, J. E. M. ve Stortelder, P. B. M. 1995. Microbial transformation of PCB’s in sediments: What can we learn to solve practical problems?. Water Science Technology, 31 (8); 99-107.
  • Bhavsar, S. P., Jackson, D. A., Hayton, A., Reiner, E. J., Chen, T. ve Bodnar, J. 2007. Are PCB levels in fish from the Canadian Great Lakes Still Declining? Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33 (3); 592-605.
  • Bidleman, T. F. ve Olney, C. E. 1974. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Sargasso Sea atmosphere and surface water. Science, 183; 516-518.
  • Bilcke, C.V. 2002. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. RECIEL, 11 (3); 328-342.
  • Bletchly, J. D. 1985. Report to the commission of the European communities on a study of measures to avoid deispersion into the environment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinted terphenyls (PCTs) from existing installations, Luxembourg, Commission of the European communities. 22-33 pp.
  • Bodiguel, X., Maury, O., Mellon-Duval, C., Roupsard, F., Le Guellec, A. M. ve Loizeau, V. A dynamic and mechanistic model PCB bioaccumulation in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius). 2009. Journal of Sea Research, 62 (2- 3); 124-134.
  • Brown, Jr., J. F., Bedard, D. L., Brennan, M. J., Carnahan, J. C., Feng, H. ve Wagner, R. E. 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in aquatic sediments. Science, 236; 709-712.
  • Chiu, A., Chiu, N., Beaubier, N. T., Beaubier, J., Nalesnik, R., Singh, D., Hill, W. R., Lau, C. ve Riebow, J. 2000. Effects and mechanisms of PCB ecotoxicity in food chains: algae, fish, seal, polar bear. Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, C18 (2); 127-152.
  • Covaci, A., Gheorghe, A., Hulea, O. ve Schepens, P. 2006. Levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the Danube Delta, Romania. Environmental Pollution, 140 (1); 136-149.
  • Dercová, K., Čičmanová, J., Lovecká, P., Demnerová, K., Macková, M., Hucko, P. ve Kušnír, P. Isolation and identification of PCB-degrading microorganisms from contaminated sediments. 2008. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 62 (3); 219-225.
  • Eljarrat, E., De La Cal, A., Larrazabal, D., Fabrellas, B., Fernandez-Alba, A. R., Borrull, F., Marce, R. M., ve Barcelo, D. 2005. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenylethers, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in coastal sediments from Spain. Environmental Pollution, 136; 493-501.
  • Encomio, V. ve Chu, F-L. E. 2000. The effect of PCBs on glycogen reserves in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Marine Environmental Research, 50; 45-49 p.
  • Erdogrul, Ö., Covaci, A. ve Schepens, P. 2005. Levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish species from Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Environment International, 31 (5); 703-711.
  • Falandysz, J., Wyrzykowska, B., Puzyn, T., Strandberg, L. ve Rappe, C. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congener specific accumulation in edible fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (8); 779-795.
  • Fernandes, A., White, S., D’Silva, K. ve Rose, M. 2004. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta, 63; 1147-1155 p.
  • Fernandez, M. A., Lopez, J., Blasco, J., Rodriguez, A. ve Jimenez, B. 2002. Levels of PCBs and DDTs in sediments from the Guadalete Estuary (South Spain). Organohalogen Compounds, 57; 365-368.
  • Fillmann, G., Readman, J. W., Tolosa, I., Bartocci, J., Villeneuve, J. P., Cattini, C. ve Mee, L. D. 2002. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44; 122-133.
  • Fisher, J. B., Petty, R. L. ve Luck, W. 1983. Release of polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated lake sediments: flux and apparent diffusivities of four individual PCBs. Environmental Pollution, B5; 121-132.
  • Fu, C. T. ve Wu, S. C. 2006. Seasonal variation of the distribution of PCBs in sediments and biota in a PCB contaminated estuary. Chemosphere, 62 (11); 1786-1794.
  • Fung, C. N., Zheng, G. J., Connell, D. W., Zhang, X., Wong, H. L., Giesy, J. P., Fang, Z. ve Lam, P. K. S. 2005. Risks posed by trace organic contaminants in coastal sediments in the Pearl River Delta, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50 (10); 1036-1049.
  • Galassi, S., Provini, A. ve Garofalo, E. 1992. Sediment analysis for the assessment of risk from organic pollutants in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 235/236; 639-647.
  • Gucia, M., Wyrzykowska, B., Warzocha, J., Falandysz, J. Domaga-Wieloszewska, M., Garbacik-Wesolowska, A. ve Szefer, P. 2002. Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Odra/Oder river estuary, Baltic Sea. Organohalogen Compounds, 58; 473-476.
  • Guzella, L., Roscioli, C., Vigano, L., Saha, M., Sarkar, S. K. ve Bhattacharya, A. 2005. Evaluation of the concentration of HCH, DDT, HCB, PCB and PAH in the sediments along the lower stretch of Hugli estuary, West Bengal, northeast India. Environment International, 31; 523-534.
  • Hong, C. S., Xiao, J., Bush, B. ve Shaw, S. D. 1998. Environmental Occurence and Potential Toxicity of Planar, Mono- and Di-Ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Biota. Chemosphere, 36 (7); 1637-1651.
  • Julshamn, K., Lundebye, A. K., Heggstad, K., Berntssen, M. H. G. ve Boe, B. 2004. Norwegian monitoring programme on the inorganic and organic contaminants in fish caught in the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea and North Sea, 1994- 2001. Food Additives and Contaminants, 21 (4); 365-376.
  • Kallenborn, R., Oehme, M., Wynn-Williams, D. D., Schlabach, M. ve Harris, J. 1998. Ambient air levels and atmospheric long-range transport of persistent organochlorines to Signy Island, Antarctica. The Science of the Total Environment, 220; 167-180.
  • Kim, Y. ve Cooper, K. R. 1999. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the embryos and newly hatched larvae of the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere. 39; 527- 538.
  • Kolar, A. B., Hršak, D., Fingler, S., Ćetković, H., Petrić, I. ve Kolić, N. U. 2007. PCB-degrading potential of aerobic bacteria enriched from marine sediments. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 60 (1); 16-24.
  • Küçüksezgin, F., Altay, O., Uluturhan, E. ve Kontaş, A. 2001. Trace metal and organochlorinee residue levels in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the Eastern Aegean Turkey. Water Research, 35 (9); 2327-2332.
  • Larsen, P. F., Gadbois, D. F. ve Johnson, A. C. 1985. Observations on the distribution of PCBs in the deepwater sediments of the Gulf of Maine. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 16; 439-442.
  • Larsson, P. 1987. Uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the macroalga, Cladophora glomerata. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38, 58-62.
  • Li, J., Mgonella, M. K., Bzdusek, P. A. and Christensen, E. R. 2005. PCB congeners and dechlorination in sediments of upper Sheboygan River, Wisconsin. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 31:174-186 p.
  • Metcalfe, T. L. ve Metcalfe, C. D. 1997. The trophodynamics of PCBs, including mono- and non-ortho congeners, in the food web of North-Central Lake Ontario. The Science of the Total Environment, 201; 245-272.
  • Moffat, C. F. ve Whittle, K. J. 1999. Environmental Contaminants in Food. Sheffield Academic Press. CRC Press. 580 p., Aberdeen.
  • Morrison, A. H., Whittle, D. M. ve Haffner, G. D. 2002. A comparison of the transport and fate of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in three great lakes food webs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21 (4); 683-692.
  • Muccio, A. D., Stefanelli, P., Funari, E., Barbini, A. D., Generali, T., Pelosi, P., Girolimetti, S., Amendola, G., Vanni, F. ve Muccio, S. D. 2002. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in 12 edible marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Spring 1997. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (12); 1148-1161.
  • Nau-Ritter, G. M., Wurster, C. F. ve Rowland, R. G. 1982. Partitioning of [14C] PCB between water and particulates with various organic contents. Water Research, 16; 1615-1618.
  • Nisbet, I. C. T. ve Sarofim, A. F. 1972. Rates and routes of transport of PCBs in the environment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1; 21-38.
  • Okay, O.S., Karacık, B., Başak, S., Henkelmann, B., Bernhöft, S. ve Schramm, K.-W. 2009. PCB and PCDD/F in sediments and mussels of the İstanbul strait (Turkey). Chemosphere. 76 (2); 159-166.
  • Parnell, P. E., Groce, A. K., Stebbins, T. D. ve Dayton, P. K. 2008. Discriminating sources of PCB contamination in fish on the coastal shelf of San Diego, California (USA). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56 (12); 1992-2002.
  • Quensen Jr. III, J. F., Tiedje, J. M. ve Boyd, S. A. 1988. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Science, 242; 752-754.
  • Rice, C. P. ve White, D. S. 1987. PCB availability assessment of river dredging using caged clams and fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 6; 259-274.
  • Robertson, L. W. ve Hansen, L. G. 2001. PCBs Recent Advences in Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects. The University Press of Kentucky, 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008, 449 p., USA.
  • Roose, P., Cooreman, K. ve Vyncke, W. 1998. PCBs in Cod (Gadus morhua), Flounder (Platichthys flesus), Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon) from the Belgian Continental Shelf: Relation to biological parameters and trend analysis. Chemosphere, 37 (9-12); 2199-2210.
  • Rubinstein, N. I., Lores, E. ve Gregory, N. R. 1983. Accumulation of PCBs, mercury and cadmium by Nereis virens, Mercenaria mercenaria and Palaemonetes pugio from contaminated harbor sediments. Aquatic Toxicology, 3, 249- 260.
  • Rypel, A. L., Findlay, R. H., Mitchell, J. B. ve Bayne, D. R. 2007. Variations in PCB concentrations between genders of six warmwater fish species in Lake Logan Martin, Alabama, USA. Chemosphere, 68 (9); 1707-1715.
  • Sagrario, M. A. G., Miglioranza, K. S.B., Moreno, J. E. A., Moreno, V. J. ve Escalante, A. H. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls in different trophic levels from a shallow lake in Argentina. Chemosphere, 48; 1113-1122 p.
  • Shiu, W. Y. ve Mackay, D. 1986. A critical review of aqueous solubilities, vapor pressures, Henry’s Law constants, and octanol-water partition coefficients of the polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 15 (2); 911-929.
  • Smith, J. N., Lee, K., Gobeil, C. ve Macdonald, R. W. 2009. Natural rates of sediment containment of PAH, PCB and metal inventories. Science of The Total Environment, 407 (17); 4858-4869.
  • Sodergren, A. ve Larsson, P. 1982. Transport of PCBs in aquatic laboratory model ecosystems from sediment to the atmosphere via the surface microlayer. Ambio, 11; 41-45.
  • Stapleton, H. M., Skubinna, J. ve Baker, J. E. 2002. Seasonal dynamics of PCB and Toxaphene bioaccumulation within a Lake Michigan Food Web. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 28 (1); 52-64.
  • Tanabe, S., Madhusree, B., Öztürk, A. A., Tatsukawa, R., Miyazaki, N., Özdamar, E., Aral, O., Samsun, O. ve Öztürk, B. 1997. Persistent organochlorine residues in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34 (5); 338-347.
  • Telli-Karakoç, F., Tolun, L., Henkelmann, B., Klimm, C., Okay, O. ve Schramm, K. W. 2002. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in the Bay of Marmara Sea: İzmit Bay. Environmental Pollution, 119; 383-397.
  • Tolun, L., Telli-Karakoç, F., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K-W. ve Okay, O. 2007. PCB pollution of Izmit Bay (Marmara Sea) mussels after the earthquake. The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment, 127–139.
  • Tuomisto, J., Vartiainen, T. ve Tuomisto, J. T. 1999. Synopsis on dioxins and PCBs. KTL (National Public Health Institute, Finland), Division of Environmental Health. Kuopio.
  • Tyler, A. O. ve Millward, G. E. 1996. Distribution and partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Humber estuary, U. K. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32 (5); 397- 403.
  • Vuksanovic, V., De Smedt, F. ve Van Meerbeeck, S. 1996. Transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the Scheldt Estuary simulated with the water quality model WASP. Journal of Hydrology, 174; 1-18 p.
  • Walker, C. H. 2001. Organic Pollutants. An Ecotoxicological Perspective. Taylor and Francis Inc., 282 p, London, Great Britain.
  • Wang, J. S., Chou, H. N. Fan, J-J. ve Chen, C-M. 1998. Uptake and transfer of high PCB concentrations from phytoplankton to aquatic biota. Chemosphere, 36 (6); 1201-1210.
  • Wiegel, J. ve Wu, Q. 2000. Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 32; 1-15.
  • Zennegg, M., Kohler, M., Hartmann, P. C., Sturm, M., Gujer, E., Schmid, P., Gerecke, A. C., Heeb, N. V., Kohler, H. P. E. ve Giger, W. 2007. The historical record of PCB and PCDD/F deposition at Greifen See, a lake of the a Swiss plateau, between 1848 and 1999. Chemosphere, 67 (9); 1754-1761.
  • Zhou, H. Y. ve Wong, M. H. 2000. Accumulation of sediment-sorbed PCBs in tilapia. Water Research, 34 (11); 2905-2914.

Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam

Yıl 2011, , 73 - 88, 01.05.2011

Gül Çelik Çakıroğulları Selçuk Seçer

https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000046
Cited By: 2

Öz

Suda PCB’ler sediment ve diğer organik maddeler üzerine adsorbe olurlar. Deneysel çalışmalar ve izleme çalışmaları PCB konsantrasyonlarının sediment tabakasında ve askıdaki katı maddede, su kolonuna göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle yüksek seviyede klor ihtiva eden poliklorlu bifenillerin sediment tabakasına adsorbsiyonu volatilizasyon oranını düşürür. PCB’lerin adsorbsiyonu sucul çevrede bu maddelerin uzun yıllar boyunca kalmasına sebebiyet verse de su kolonuna karışmaları abiotik ve biotik yollarla olmaktadır. Sucul sedimentteki poliklorlu bifenil miktarları çevresel çökelme sonucu oluştuğu gibi, aynı zamanda çevrede poliklorlu bifenil döngüsü için rezervuar görevi yapar. Poliklorlu bifenillerin birçoğu çevrede sucul sedimentte bulunurlar. Genel olarak yüksek derecede klorlanmış bileşikler daha fazla akümüle olurlar. Birçok poliklorlu bifenilin biyokonsantrasyon faktörleri balık, karides, midye gibi sucul türlerde deneysel olarak tespit edilmiş ve 200’den 70000 veya daha yüksek değerlere kadar değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Açık denizde yüksek trofik seviyelerde poliklorlu bifeniller biyoakümüle olurlar ve bu birikim yüksek predatörlerde özellikle yüksek oranda klorlanmış bifenillerin artan oranı olarak görülür

Anahtar Kelimeler

Poliklorlu bifeniller Sediment Su Balık Sucul yaşam

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous 1986. PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs Prevention and Control of Accidental and Environmental Exposures. Environmental Health. 227 p. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen.
  • Anonymous 1987. PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs: prevention and control of accidental and environmental exposures, Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (Environmental Health Series 23).
  • Anonymous 1992. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCTs) Health and Safety Guide No: 68. IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. 52 p. World Health Organization, GENEVA.
  • Anonymous 1993. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls (Second Edition). Environmental Health Criteria 140. IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. 683 p. World Health Organization, GENEVA.
  • Anonymous 1999. Codex Alimentarius Comission. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. World Health Organization. CX/FAC 00/26. Agenda Item 17 (d). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants. 12 p.
  • Anonymous 2001. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels. 593 final. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. Community Strategy for dioxins, furans and PCBs. 31 p.
  • Anonymous 2004. European Commission, Brussels. Dioxins and PCBs: Environmental levels and human exposure in candidate countries. Reference: ENV.C.2./SER/2002/0085. Final report. ELICC. Consortium: Environmental levels in candidate countries under supervision of Gunther Umlauf (JRC). BIPRO (Beratungsgesellschaft für integrierte problemlösungen). 333p.
  • Bakan, G. ve Ariman, S. 2004. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments along the coast of mid-Black Sea region of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48; 1031-1039.
  • Baxter, R. A., Gilbert, P. E., Lidgett, R. A., Mainprize, J. H. ve Vodden, H. A. 1975. The degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by micoorganisms. Sci. Total Environment, 4; 53-61.
  • Bayarri, S., Baldassarri, L. T., Iacovella, N., Ferrara, F. ve Di Domenico, A. 2001. PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDE in edible marine species from the Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere, 43; 601-610.
  • Beurskens, J. E. M. ve Stortelder, P. B. M. 1995. Microbial transformation of PCB’s in sediments: What can we learn to solve practical problems?. Water Science Technology, 31 (8); 99-107.
  • Bhavsar, S. P., Jackson, D. A., Hayton, A., Reiner, E. J., Chen, T. ve Bodnar, J. 2007. Are PCB levels in fish from the Canadian Great Lakes Still Declining? Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33 (3); 592-605.
  • Bidleman, T. F. ve Olney, C. E. 1974. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Sargasso Sea atmosphere and surface water. Science, 183; 516-518.
  • Bilcke, C.V. 2002. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. RECIEL, 11 (3); 328-342.
  • Bletchly, J. D. 1985. Report to the commission of the European communities on a study of measures to avoid deispersion into the environment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinted terphenyls (PCTs) from existing installations, Luxembourg, Commission of the European communities. 22-33 pp.
  • Bodiguel, X., Maury, O., Mellon-Duval, C., Roupsard, F., Le Guellec, A. M. ve Loizeau, V. A dynamic and mechanistic model PCB bioaccumulation in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius). 2009. Journal of Sea Research, 62 (2- 3); 124-134.
  • Brown, Jr., J. F., Bedard, D. L., Brennan, M. J., Carnahan, J. C., Feng, H. ve Wagner, R. E. 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in aquatic sediments. Science, 236; 709-712.
  • Chiu, A., Chiu, N., Beaubier, N. T., Beaubier, J., Nalesnik, R., Singh, D., Hill, W. R., Lau, C. ve Riebow, J. 2000. Effects and mechanisms of PCB ecotoxicity in food chains: algae, fish, seal, polar bear. Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, C18 (2); 127-152.
  • Covaci, A., Gheorghe, A., Hulea, O. ve Schepens, P. 2006. Levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the Danube Delta, Romania. Environmental Pollution, 140 (1); 136-149.
  • Dercová, K., Čičmanová, J., Lovecká, P., Demnerová, K., Macková, M., Hucko, P. ve Kušnír, P. Isolation and identification of PCB-degrading microorganisms from contaminated sediments. 2008. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 62 (3); 219-225.
  • Eljarrat, E., De La Cal, A., Larrazabal, D., Fabrellas, B., Fernandez-Alba, A. R., Borrull, F., Marce, R. M., ve Barcelo, D. 2005. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenylethers, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in coastal sediments from Spain. Environmental Pollution, 136; 493-501.
  • Encomio, V. ve Chu, F-L. E. 2000. The effect of PCBs on glycogen reserves in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Marine Environmental Research, 50; 45-49 p.
  • Erdogrul, Ö., Covaci, A. ve Schepens, P. 2005. Levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish species from Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Environment International, 31 (5); 703-711.
  • Falandysz, J., Wyrzykowska, B., Puzyn, T., Strandberg, L. ve Rappe, C. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congener specific accumulation in edible fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (8); 779-795.
  • Fernandes, A., White, S., D’Silva, K. ve Rose, M. 2004. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta, 63; 1147-1155 p.
  • Fernandez, M. A., Lopez, J., Blasco, J., Rodriguez, A. ve Jimenez, B. 2002. Levels of PCBs and DDTs in sediments from the Guadalete Estuary (South Spain). Organohalogen Compounds, 57; 365-368.
  • Fillmann, G., Readman, J. W., Tolosa, I., Bartocci, J., Villeneuve, J. P., Cattini, C. ve Mee, L. D. 2002. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44; 122-133.
  • Fisher, J. B., Petty, R. L. ve Luck, W. 1983. Release of polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated lake sediments: flux and apparent diffusivities of four individual PCBs. Environmental Pollution, B5; 121-132.
  • Fu, C. T. ve Wu, S. C. 2006. Seasonal variation of the distribution of PCBs in sediments and biota in a PCB contaminated estuary. Chemosphere, 62 (11); 1786-1794.
  • Fung, C. N., Zheng, G. J., Connell, D. W., Zhang, X., Wong, H. L., Giesy, J. P., Fang, Z. ve Lam, P. K. S. 2005. Risks posed by trace organic contaminants in coastal sediments in the Pearl River Delta, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50 (10); 1036-1049.
  • Galassi, S., Provini, A. ve Garofalo, E. 1992. Sediment analysis for the assessment of risk from organic pollutants in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 235/236; 639-647.
  • Gucia, M., Wyrzykowska, B., Warzocha, J., Falandysz, J. Domaga-Wieloszewska, M., Garbacik-Wesolowska, A. ve Szefer, P. 2002. Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Odra/Oder river estuary, Baltic Sea. Organohalogen Compounds, 58; 473-476.
  • Guzella, L., Roscioli, C., Vigano, L., Saha, M., Sarkar, S. K. ve Bhattacharya, A. 2005. Evaluation of the concentration of HCH, DDT, HCB, PCB and PAH in the sediments along the lower stretch of Hugli estuary, West Bengal, northeast India. Environment International, 31; 523-534.
  • Hong, C. S., Xiao, J., Bush, B. ve Shaw, S. D. 1998. Environmental Occurence and Potential Toxicity of Planar, Mono- and Di-Ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Biota. Chemosphere, 36 (7); 1637-1651.
  • Julshamn, K., Lundebye, A. K., Heggstad, K., Berntssen, M. H. G. ve Boe, B. 2004. Norwegian monitoring programme on the inorganic and organic contaminants in fish caught in the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea and North Sea, 1994- 2001. Food Additives and Contaminants, 21 (4); 365-376.
  • Kallenborn, R., Oehme, M., Wynn-Williams, D. D., Schlabach, M. ve Harris, J. 1998. Ambient air levels and atmospheric long-range transport of persistent organochlorines to Signy Island, Antarctica. The Science of the Total Environment, 220; 167-180.
  • Kim, Y. ve Cooper, K. R. 1999. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the embryos and newly hatched larvae of the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere. 39; 527- 538.
  • Kolar, A. B., Hršak, D., Fingler, S., Ćetković, H., Petrić, I. ve Kolić, N. U. 2007. PCB-degrading potential of aerobic bacteria enriched from marine sediments. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 60 (1); 16-24.
  • Küçüksezgin, F., Altay, O., Uluturhan, E. ve Kontaş, A. 2001. Trace metal and organochlorinee residue levels in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the Eastern Aegean Turkey. Water Research, 35 (9); 2327-2332.
  • Larsen, P. F., Gadbois, D. F. ve Johnson, A. C. 1985. Observations on the distribution of PCBs in the deepwater sediments of the Gulf of Maine. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 16; 439-442.
  • Larsson, P. 1987. Uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the macroalga, Cladophora glomerata. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38, 58-62.
  • Li, J., Mgonella, M. K., Bzdusek, P. A. and Christensen, E. R. 2005. PCB congeners and dechlorination in sediments of upper Sheboygan River, Wisconsin. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 31:174-186 p.
  • Metcalfe, T. L. ve Metcalfe, C. D. 1997. The trophodynamics of PCBs, including mono- and non-ortho congeners, in the food web of North-Central Lake Ontario. The Science of the Total Environment, 201; 245-272.
  • Moffat, C. F. ve Whittle, K. J. 1999. Environmental Contaminants in Food. Sheffield Academic Press. CRC Press. 580 p., Aberdeen.
  • Morrison, A. H., Whittle, D. M. ve Haffner, G. D. 2002. A comparison of the transport and fate of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in three great lakes food webs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21 (4); 683-692.
  • Muccio, A. D., Stefanelli, P., Funari, E., Barbini, A. D., Generali, T., Pelosi, P., Girolimetti, S., Amendola, G., Vanni, F. ve Muccio, S. D. 2002. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in 12 edible marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Spring 1997. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (12); 1148-1161.
  • Nau-Ritter, G. M., Wurster, C. F. ve Rowland, R. G. 1982. Partitioning of [14C] PCB between water and particulates with various organic contents. Water Research, 16; 1615-1618.
  • Nisbet, I. C. T. ve Sarofim, A. F. 1972. Rates and routes of transport of PCBs in the environment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1; 21-38.
  • Okay, O.S., Karacık, B., Başak, S., Henkelmann, B., Bernhöft, S. ve Schramm, K.-W. 2009. PCB and PCDD/F in sediments and mussels of the İstanbul strait (Turkey). Chemosphere. 76 (2); 159-166.
  • Parnell, P. E., Groce, A. K., Stebbins, T. D. ve Dayton, P. K. 2008. Discriminating sources of PCB contamination in fish on the coastal shelf of San Diego, California (USA). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56 (12); 1992-2002.
  • Quensen Jr. III, J. F., Tiedje, J. M. ve Boyd, S. A. 1988. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Science, 242; 752-754.
  • Rice, C. P. ve White, D. S. 1987. PCB availability assessment of river dredging using caged clams and fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 6; 259-274.
  • Robertson, L. W. ve Hansen, L. G. 2001. PCBs Recent Advences in Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects. The University Press of Kentucky, 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008, 449 p., USA.
  • Roose, P., Cooreman, K. ve Vyncke, W. 1998. PCBs in Cod (Gadus morhua), Flounder (Platichthys flesus), Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon) from the Belgian Continental Shelf: Relation to biological parameters and trend analysis. Chemosphere, 37 (9-12); 2199-2210.
  • Rubinstein, N. I., Lores, E. ve Gregory, N. R. 1983. Accumulation of PCBs, mercury and cadmium by Nereis virens, Mercenaria mercenaria and Palaemonetes pugio from contaminated harbor sediments. Aquatic Toxicology, 3, 249- 260.
  • Rypel, A. L., Findlay, R. H., Mitchell, J. B. ve Bayne, D. R. 2007. Variations in PCB concentrations between genders of six warmwater fish species in Lake Logan Martin, Alabama, USA. Chemosphere, 68 (9); 1707-1715.
  • Sagrario, M. A. G., Miglioranza, K. S.B., Moreno, J. E. A., Moreno, V. J. ve Escalante, A. H. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls in different trophic levels from a shallow lake in Argentina. Chemosphere, 48; 1113-1122 p.
  • Shiu, W. Y. ve Mackay, D. 1986. A critical review of aqueous solubilities, vapor pressures, Henry’s Law constants, and octanol-water partition coefficients of the polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 15 (2); 911-929.
  • Smith, J. N., Lee, K., Gobeil, C. ve Macdonald, R. W. 2009. Natural rates of sediment containment of PAH, PCB and metal inventories. Science of The Total Environment, 407 (17); 4858-4869.
  • Sodergren, A. ve Larsson, P. 1982. Transport of PCBs in aquatic laboratory model ecosystems from sediment to the atmosphere via the surface microlayer. Ambio, 11; 41-45.
  • Stapleton, H. M., Skubinna, J. ve Baker, J. E. 2002. Seasonal dynamics of PCB and Toxaphene bioaccumulation within a Lake Michigan Food Web. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 28 (1); 52-64.
  • Tanabe, S., Madhusree, B., Öztürk, A. A., Tatsukawa, R., Miyazaki, N., Özdamar, E., Aral, O., Samsun, O. ve Öztürk, B. 1997. Persistent organochlorine residues in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34 (5); 338-347.
  • Telli-Karakoç, F., Tolun, L., Henkelmann, B., Klimm, C., Okay, O. ve Schramm, K. W. 2002. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in the Bay of Marmara Sea: İzmit Bay. Environmental Pollution, 119; 383-397.
  • Tolun, L., Telli-Karakoç, F., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K-W. ve Okay, O. 2007. PCB pollution of Izmit Bay (Marmara Sea) mussels after the earthquake. The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment, 127–139.
  • Tuomisto, J., Vartiainen, T. ve Tuomisto, J. T. 1999. Synopsis on dioxins and PCBs. KTL (National Public Health Institute, Finland), Division of Environmental Health. Kuopio.
  • Tyler, A. O. ve Millward, G. E. 1996. Distribution and partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Humber estuary, U. K. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32 (5); 397- 403.
  • Vuksanovic, V., De Smedt, F. ve Van Meerbeeck, S. 1996. Transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the Scheldt Estuary simulated with the water quality model WASP. Journal of Hydrology, 174; 1-18 p.
  • Walker, C. H. 2001. Organic Pollutants. An Ecotoxicological Perspective. Taylor and Francis Inc., 282 p, London, Great Britain.
  • Wang, J. S., Chou, H. N. Fan, J-J. ve Chen, C-M. 1998. Uptake and transfer of high PCB concentrations from phytoplankton to aquatic biota. Chemosphere, 36 (6); 1201-1210.
  • Wiegel, J. ve Wu, Q. 2000. Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 32; 1-15.
  • Zennegg, M., Kohler, M., Hartmann, P. C., Sturm, M., Gujer, E., Schmid, P., Gerecke, A. C., Heeb, N. V., Kohler, H. P. E. ve Giger, W. 2007. The historical record of PCB and PCDD/F deposition at Greifen See, a lake of the a Swiss plateau, between 1848 and 1999. Chemosphere, 67 (9); 1754-1761.
  • Zhou, H. Y. ve Wong, M. H. 2000. Accumulation of sediment-sorbed PCBs in tilapia. Water Research, 34 (11); 2905-2914.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA87SB96CZ
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Gül Çelik Çakıroğulları Bu kişi benim

Selçuk Seçer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakıroğulları, G. Ç., & Seçer, S. (2011). Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000046
AMA Çakıroğulları GÇ, Seçer S. Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. Mayıs 2011;3(1):73-88. doi:10.1501/Csaum_0000000046
Chicago Çakıroğulları, Gül Çelik, ve Selçuk Seçer. “Poliklorlu Bifeniller Ve Sucul Yaşam”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2011): 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000046.
EndNote Çakıroğulları GÇ, Seçer S (01 Mayıs 2011) Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 3 1 73–88.
IEEE G. Ç. Çakıroğulları ve S. Seçer, “Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam”, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 73–88, 2011, doi: 10.1501/Csaum_0000000046.
ISNAD Çakıroğulları, Gül Çelik - Seçer, Selçuk. “Poliklorlu Bifeniller Ve Sucul Yaşam”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 3/1 (Mayıs 2011), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000046.
JAMA Çakıroğulları GÇ, Seçer S. Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2011;3:73–88.
MLA Çakıroğulları, Gül Çelik ve Selçuk Seçer. “Poliklorlu Bifeniller Ve Sucul Yaşam”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 73-88, doi:10.1501/Csaum_0000000046.
Vancouver Çakıroğulları GÇ, Seçer S. Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2011;3(1):73-88.

Cited By

Determination of POP’s In European Sea Bass (Dicen-trarchus labrax, L.,1758) and Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis, L.,1758) Caught From The Eastern Mediterra-nean Region of Turkey
Istanbul University Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
https://doi.org/10.18864/iujfas.00850
Deprem Sebebiyle Ortaya Çıkan Toksik Atıkların Sınıflandırması, Etkileri ve Bertaraf Yönetmelikleri
Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1294149