Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Aquatic Life

Öz

In water, PCBs are adsorbed on sediments and other organic matter; experimental and monitoring data have shown that PCB concentrations in sediment and suspended matter are higher than those in associated water columns. Strong adsorption on sediment, especially in the case of the higher chlorinated PCBs, decreases the rate of volatilization. Although adsorption can immobilize PCBs for relatively long periods in the aquatic environment, desorption into the water column has been shown to occur by both abiotic and biotic routes. The substantial quantities of PCBs in aquatic sediments can therefore act as both an environmental sink and a reservoir of PCBs for organisms. Most of the environmental load of PCBs has been estimated to be in the aquatic sediment. Experimentally determined bioconcentration factors of various PCBs in aquatic species ranging from 200 up to 70000 or more. In the open ocean, there is bioaccumulation of PCBs in higher trophic levels with an increased proportion of higher chlorinated biphenyls in higher ranking predators

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sediment, Water, Fish, Aquatic life

Poliklorlu Bifeniller ve Sucul Yaşam

Öz

Suda PCB’ler sediment ve diğer organik maddeler üzerine adsorbe olurlar. Deneysel çalışmalar ve izleme çalışmaları PCB konsantrasyonlarının sediment tabakasında ve askıdaki katı maddede, su kolonuna göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle yüksek seviyede klor ihtiva eden poliklorlu bifenillerin sediment tabakasına adsorbsiyonu volatilizasyon oranını düşürür. PCB’lerin adsorbsiyonu sucul çevrede bu maddelerin uzun yıllar boyunca kalmasına sebebiyet verse de su kolonuna karışmaları abiotik ve biotik yollarla olmaktadır. Sucul sedimentteki poliklorlu bifenil miktarları çevresel çökelme sonucu oluştuğu gibi, aynı zamanda çevrede poliklorlu bifenil döngüsü için rezervuar görevi yapar. Poliklorlu bifenillerin birçoğu çevrede sucul sedimentte bulunurlar. Genel olarak yüksek derecede klorlanmış bileşikler daha fazla akümüle olurlar. Birçok poliklorlu bifenilin biyokonsantrasyon faktörleri balık, karides, midye gibi sucul türlerde deneysel olarak tespit edilmiş ve 200’den 70000 veya daha yüksek değerlere kadar değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Açık denizde yüksek trofik seviyelerde poliklorlu bifeniller biyoakümüle olurlar ve bu birikim yüksek predatörlerde özellikle yüksek oranda klorlanmış bifenillerin artan oranı olarak görülür

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Poliklorlu bifeniller, Sediment, Su, Balık, Sucul yaşam

Kaynakça

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